Acceptability of home fortification with multiple micro-nutrients among Sri Lankan children
Micronutrient deficiencies are mostly hidden; clinically less visible compared to macronutrient deficiencies. Food fortification with multiple micronutrients (MMN) is provided for children between 6-23 months, daily for two months at three-time points. We assessed the acceptance and adherence of thi...
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| description | Micronutrient deficiencies are mostly hidden; clinically less visible compared to macronutrient deficiencies. Food fortification with multiple micronutrients (MMN) is provided for children between 6-23 months, daily for two months at three-time points. We assessed the acceptance and adherence of this nutritional intervention in an urban community setting in Sri Lanka. This cross-sectional study enrolled caregivers of children aged 7 to 23 months with a cluster sampling method. Caregivers ' acceptance of taste and smell, health gains, ease of use, and need perception (Cronbach's reliability: 0.801) were assessed. Also, anemia knowledge (Cronbach's reliability: 0.642), MMN knowledge, and reported adherence (number of sachets consumed per month) were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire. Adequate adherence was defined as the use of ≥80% sachets. The univariate and multivariate statistical analysis examined the association of acceptability, adherence, and anemia knowledge with independent variables (socio-demographic, household characteristics, and knowledge). The survey included 153 respondents. The Median (range) age of children was 12 months (7-23). The mean (SD) acceptability score was 66.82% (9.78%). Acceptance of sensory qualities (smell/taste) had a lower score than perceived health benefit. Most consumed MMN adequately (72.5%). The mean (SD) anemia knowledge score was 62.20% (25.79%). In multivariate analysis, child's age (OR: -0.360, 95% CI:-0.510,-0.211) and father's education (OR: 2.148, 95% CI: 0.439, 3.857) were independently associated with acceptability. Child's age (OR: -0.108, 95% CI:0.818, 0.985), anemia knowledge (OR:0.016, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.031) and acceptability (OR:0.236, 95% CI:1.140, 1.406) were significant determinants of adherence. Anemia knowledge was significantly associated with the mother's education and household income when adjusted. In conclusion, unpleasant smell/taste and daily schedule were reported as barriers to MMN use. Yet, perception and trust regarding health benefits were encouraging. Reported adherence was somewhat high. Improving acceptability and anemia knowledge could enhance adherence further in this population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0261516 |
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Food fortification with multiple micronutrients (MMN) is provided for children between 6-23 months, daily for two months at three-time points. We assessed the acceptance and adherence of this nutritional intervention in an urban community setting in Sri Lanka. This cross-sectional study enrolled caregivers of children aged 7 to 23 months with a cluster sampling method. Caregivers ' acceptance of taste and smell, health gains, ease of use, and need perception (Cronbach's reliability: 0.801) were assessed. Also, anemia knowledge (Cronbach's reliability: 0.642), MMN knowledge, and reported adherence (number of sachets consumed per month) were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire. Adequate adherence was defined as the use of ≥80% sachets. The univariate and multivariate statistical analysis examined the association of acceptability, adherence, and anemia knowledge with independent variables (socio-demographic, household characteristics, and knowledge). The survey included 153 respondents. The Median (range) age of children was 12 months (7-23). The mean (SD) acceptability score was 66.82% (9.78%). Acceptance of sensory qualities (smell/taste) had a lower score than perceived health benefit. Most consumed MMN adequately (72.5%). The mean (SD) anemia knowledge score was 62.20% (25.79%). In multivariate analysis, child's age (OR: -0.360, 95% CI:-0.510,-0.211) and father's education (OR: 2.148, 95% CI: 0.439, 3.857) were independently associated with acceptability. Child's age (OR: -0.108, 95% CI:0.818, 0.985), anemia knowledge (OR:0.016, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.031) and acceptability (OR:0.236, 95% CI:1.140, 1.406) were significant determinants of adherence. Anemia knowledge was significantly associated with the mother's education and household income when adjusted. In conclusion, unpleasant smell/taste and daily schedule were reported as barriers to MMN use. Yet, perception and trust regarding health benefits were encouraging. Reported adherence was somewhat high. Improving acceptability and anemia knowledge could enhance adherence further in this population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261516</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34936678</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acceptability ; Acceptance tests ; Age ; Anemia ; Anemia - epidemiology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Caregivers ; Children ; Children & youth ; Clinics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data collection ; Demographic variables ; Education ; Family income ; Female ; Food, Fortified ; Health aspects ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health sciences ; Humans ; Independent variables ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Iron ; Knowledge ; Male ; Maternal & child health ; Mean ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Micronutrients ; Micronutrients - metabolism ; Multivariate analysis ; Multivariate statistical analysis ; Nutrients ; Olfaction ; People and places ; Perception ; Pharmacy ; Population ; Questionnaires ; Regression analysis ; Reliability analysis ; Sample size ; Sampling methods ; Schedules ; Smell ; Social Sciences ; Sri Lanka - epidemiology ; Statistical analysis ; Taste ; Urban areas ; Variables ; Vitamin A</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261516-e0261516</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Liyanage et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Liyanage et al 2021 Liyanage et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8f79a4cfa84706b92fe177a315c219f5a0f103a79bb11fbb53b2ae7ebddea35d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8f79a4cfa84706b92fe177a315c219f5a0f103a79bb11fbb53b2ae7ebddea35d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9813-3295</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8694412/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8694412/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34936678$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Gebremedhin, Samson</contributor><creatorcontrib>Liyanage, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anupama, K G I S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sudarshini, M L P</creatorcontrib><title>Acceptability of home fortification with multiple micro-nutrients among Sri Lankan children</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Micronutrient deficiencies are mostly hidden; clinically less visible compared to macronutrient deficiencies. Food fortification with multiple micronutrients (MMN) is provided for children between 6-23 months, daily for two months at three-time points. We assessed the acceptance and adherence of this nutritional intervention in an urban community setting in Sri Lanka. This cross-sectional study enrolled caregivers of children aged 7 to 23 months with a cluster sampling method. Caregivers ' acceptance of taste and smell, health gains, ease of use, and need perception (Cronbach's reliability: 0.801) were assessed. Also, anemia knowledge (Cronbach's reliability: 0.642), MMN knowledge, and reported adherence (number of sachets consumed per month) were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire. Adequate adherence was defined as the use of ≥80% sachets. The univariate and multivariate statistical analysis examined the association of acceptability, adherence, and anemia knowledge with independent variables (socio-demographic, household characteristics, and knowledge). The survey included 153 respondents. The Median (range) age of children was 12 months (7-23). The mean (SD) acceptability score was 66.82% (9.78%). Acceptance of sensory qualities (smell/taste) had a lower score than perceived health benefit. Most consumed MMN adequately (72.5%). The mean (SD) anemia knowledge score was 62.20% (25.79%). In multivariate analysis, child's age (OR: -0.360, 95% CI:-0.510,-0.211) and father's education (OR: 2.148, 95% CI: 0.439, 3.857) were independently associated with acceptability. Child's age (OR: -0.108, 95% CI:0.818, 0.985), anemia knowledge (OR:0.016, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.031) and acceptability (OR:0.236, 95% CI:1.140, 1.406) were significant determinants of adherence. Anemia knowledge was significantly associated with the mother's education and household income when adjusted. In conclusion, unpleasant smell/taste and daily schedule were reported as barriers to MMN use. Yet, perception and trust regarding health benefits were encouraging. Reported adherence was somewhat high. Improving acceptability and anemia knowledge could enhance adherence further in this population.</description><subject>Acceptability</subject><subject>Acceptance tests</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Anemia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Caregivers</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Clinics</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Demographic variables</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Family income</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food, Fortified</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Independent variables</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Knowledge</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maternal & child health</subject><subject>Mean</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Micronutrients</subject><subject>Micronutrients - metabolism</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Multivariate statistical analysis</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Olfaction</subject><subject>People and places</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Reliability analysis</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Sampling methods</subject><subject>Schedules</subject><subject>Smell</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Sri Lanka - epidemiology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Taste</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Vitamin A</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk12P1CAUhhujcdfVf2C0iYnRixmhtNDemEw2fkwyySaueuMFofQww0hhFqi6_15mp7uZmr0wXEDgOS-cl3Oy7DlGc0wYfrd1g7fCzHfOwhwVFFeYPshOcUOKGS0QeXi0PsmehLBFqCI1pY-zE1I2hFJWn2Y_FlLCLopWGx2vc6fyjeshV85HrbQUUTub_9Zxk_eDiXpnIO-19G5mh-g12Bhy0Tu7zi-9zlfC_hQ2lxttOg_2afZICRPg2TifZd8-fvh6_nm2uvi0PF-sZpI2RZzVijWilErUJUO0bQoFmDFBcCUL3KhKIIUREaxpW4xV21akLQQwaLsOBKk6cpa9POjujAt89CXwZEnBME7WJGJ5IDontnzndS_8NXdC85sN59dcpISlAY5VSaFjtMXQlU2BmhLKrqUVI4SqrpZJ6_1429D20MnkgRdmIjo9sXrD1-4Xr2lTlrhIAm9GAe-uBgiR9zpIMEZYcMPNu0nRVBViCX31D3p_diO1FikBbZVL98q9KF_QmlGKUF0lan4PlUYH6UdTESmd9icBbycBiYnwJ67FEAJfXn75f_bi-5R9fcRuQJi4Cc4M-1ILU7A8gKneQvCg7kzGiO974NYNvu8BPvZACntx_EF3QbdFT_4C69ICug</recordid><startdate>20211222</startdate><enddate>20211222</enddate><creator>Liyanage, G</creator><creator>Anupama, K G I S</creator><creator>Sudarshini, M L P</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-3295</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211222</creationdate><title>Acceptability of home fortification with multiple micro-nutrients among Sri Lankan children</title><author>Liyanage, G ; Anupama, K G I S ; Sudarshini, M L P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-8f79a4cfa84706b92fe177a315c219f5a0f103a79bb11fbb53b2ae7ebddea35d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Acceptability</topic><topic>Acceptance tests</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Anemia</topic><topic>Anemia - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liyanage, G</au><au>Anupama, K G I S</au><au>Sudarshini, M L P</au><au>Gebremedhin, Samson</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Acceptability of home fortification with multiple micro-nutrients among Sri Lankan children</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-12-22</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0261516</spage><epage>e0261516</epage><pages>e0261516-e0261516</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Micronutrient deficiencies are mostly hidden; clinically less visible compared to macronutrient deficiencies. Food fortification with multiple micronutrients (MMN) is provided for children between 6-23 months, daily for two months at three-time points. We assessed the acceptance and adherence of this nutritional intervention in an urban community setting in Sri Lanka. This cross-sectional study enrolled caregivers of children aged 7 to 23 months with a cluster sampling method. Caregivers ' acceptance of taste and smell, health gains, ease of use, and need perception (Cronbach's reliability: 0.801) were assessed. Also, anemia knowledge (Cronbach's reliability: 0.642), MMN knowledge, and reported adherence (number of sachets consumed per month) were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire. Adequate adherence was defined as the use of ≥80% sachets. The univariate and multivariate statistical analysis examined the association of acceptability, adherence, and anemia knowledge with independent variables (socio-demographic, household characteristics, and knowledge). The survey included 153 respondents. The Median (range) age of children was 12 months (7-23). The mean (SD) acceptability score was 66.82% (9.78%). Acceptance of sensory qualities (smell/taste) had a lower score than perceived health benefit. Most consumed MMN adequately (72.5%). The mean (SD) anemia knowledge score was 62.20% (25.79%). In multivariate analysis, child's age (OR: -0.360, 95% CI:-0.510,-0.211) and father's education (OR: 2.148, 95% CI: 0.439, 3.857) were independently associated with acceptability. Child's age (OR: -0.108, 95% CI:0.818, 0.985), anemia knowledge (OR:0.016, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.031) and acceptability (OR:0.236, 95% CI:1.140, 1.406) were significant determinants of adherence. Anemia knowledge was significantly associated with the mother's education and household income when adjusted. In conclusion, unpleasant smell/taste and daily schedule were reported as barriers to MMN use. Yet, perception and trust regarding health benefits were encouraging. Reported adherence was somewhat high. Improving acceptability and anemia knowledge could enhance adherence further in this population.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34936678</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0261516</doi><tpages>e0261516</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-3295</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2612711026 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acceptability Acceptance tests Age Anemia Anemia - epidemiology Biology and Life Sciences Caregivers Children Children & youth Clinics Cross-Sectional Studies Data collection Demographic variables Education Family income Female Food, Fortified Health aspects Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health sciences Humans Independent variables Infant Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Iron Knowledge Male Maternal & child health Mean Medicine and Health Sciences Micronutrients Micronutrients - metabolism Multivariate analysis Multivariate statistical analysis Nutrients Olfaction People and places Perception Pharmacy Population Questionnaires Regression analysis Reliability analysis Sample size Sampling methods Schedules Smell Social Sciences Sri Lanka - epidemiology Statistical analysis Taste Urban areas Variables Vitamin A |
| title | Acceptability of home fortification with multiple micro-nutrients among Sri Lankan children |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-04T18%3A34%3A16IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Acceptability%20of%20home%20fortification%20with%20multiple%20micro-nutrients%20among%20Sri%20Lankan%20children&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Liyanage,%20G&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=e0261516&rft.epage=e0261516&rft.pages=e0261516-e0261516&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0261516&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA687660085%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2612711026&rft_id=info:pmid/34936678&rft_galeid=A687660085&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_1f46ed76b1ed492094e4db657336fd8c&rfr_iscdi=true |