SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease

SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust B cell response, resulting in the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 severity on the memory B cell response and characterize changes in the memory B cell compartment between recovery and f...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261656-e0261656
Hauptverfasser: Reyes, Raphael A, Clarke, Kathleen, Gonzales, S Jake, Cantwell, Angelene M, Garza, Rolando, Catano, Gabriel, Tragus, Robin E, Patterson, Thomas F, Bol, Sebastiaan, Bunnik, Evelien M
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page e0261656
container_issue 12
container_start_page e0261656
container_title PloS one
container_volume 16
creator Reyes, Raphael A
Clarke, Kathleen
Gonzales, S Jake
Cantwell, Angelene M
Garza, Rolando
Catano, Gabriel
Tragus, Robin E
Patterson, Thomas F
Bol, Sebastiaan
Bunnik, Evelien M
description SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust B cell response, resulting in the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 severity on the memory B cell response and characterize changes in the memory B cell compartment between recovery and five months post-symptom onset. Using high-parameter spectral flow cytometry, we analyzed the phenotype of memory B cells with reactivity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in recovered individuals who had been hospitalized with non-severe (n = 8) or severe (n = 5) COVID-19. One month after symptom onset, a substantial proportion of spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed an activated phenotype. In individuals who experienced non-severe disease, spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed increased expression of markers associated with durable B cell memory, including T-bet and FcRL5, as compared to individuals who experienced severe disease. While the frequency of T-bet+ spike-specific IgG+ B cells differed between the two groups, these cells predominantly showed an activated switched memory B cell phenotype in both groups. Five months post-symptom onset, the majority of spike-specific memory B cells had a resting phenotype and the percentage of spike-specific T-bet+ IgG+ memory B cells decreased to baseline levels. Collectively, our results highlight subtle differences in the B cells response after non-severe and severe COVID-19 and suggest that the memory B cell response elicited during non-severe COVID-19 may be of higher quality than the response after severe disease.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0261656
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2612710940</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A687660077</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_74a6ac8508864bed9dc906a8293d7045</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A687660077</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-749963f5ae14867e442078b67c7c0513f3d097f935486c2b249bcfafe341d9043</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk1Fv0zAQxyMEYmPwDRBYQkLwkOLEjh2_IJXCoFKlSu3oq-U6l9YliYOdTNtH4FvjrtnUoj0gP9i6-93fvjtfFL1O8CghPPm0s71rVDVqbQMjnLKEZexJdJ4IksYsxeTp0fkseuH9DuOM5Iw9j84IFYSxnJ5Hf5bjxTKe2FWcIt-aXxD7FrQpjUY11Nbdoi9IQ1V5BDetA-_R1my24FAF1xCstkRX8Ro6pJoCXerFLEOq7IK_sU3sA-MATear6dc4EUh5pG3dKgcF6iwa3IXxoDy8jJ6VqvLwatgvop-X364mP-LZ_Pt0Mp7Fmom0izkVgpEyU5DQnHGgNMU8XzOuucZZQkpSYMFLQbLg1uk6pWKtS1UCoUkhMCUX0duDbltZL4cqehkKmPIEC4oDMT0QhVU72TpTK3crrTLyzmDdRirXGV2B5FQxpfMM5zmjayhEoQVmKk8FKTimWdD6PNzWr2soNDSdU9WJ6KmnMVu5sdcyZ4JSvn_Mh0HA2d89-E7Wxu87ohqw_d27SSoyKtKAvvsHfTy7gdqokIBpShvu1XtROWY5ZwxjzgM1eoQKq4Da6PDlShPsJwEfTwIC08FNt1G993K6XPw_O1-dsu-P2C2oqtt6W_WdsY0_BekB1M5676B8KHKC5X5i7qsh9xMjh4kJYW-OG_QQdD8i5C_PTA3E</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2612710940</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Reyes, Raphael A ; Clarke, Kathleen ; Gonzales, S Jake ; Cantwell, Angelene M ; Garza, Rolando ; Catano, Gabriel ; Tragus, Robin E ; Patterson, Thomas F ; Bol, Sebastiaan ; Bunnik, Evelien M</creator><contributor>van Zelm, Menno C</contributor><creatorcontrib>Reyes, Raphael A ; Clarke, Kathleen ; Gonzales, S Jake ; Cantwell, Angelene M ; Garza, Rolando ; Catano, Gabriel ; Tragus, Robin E ; Patterson, Thomas F ; Bol, Sebastiaan ; Bunnik, Evelien M ; van Zelm, Menno C</creatorcontrib><description>SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust B cell response, resulting in the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 severity on the memory B cell response and characterize changes in the memory B cell compartment between recovery and five months post-symptom onset. Using high-parameter spectral flow cytometry, we analyzed the phenotype of memory B cells with reactivity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in recovered individuals who had been hospitalized with non-severe (n = 8) or severe (n = 5) COVID-19. One month after symptom onset, a substantial proportion of spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed an activated phenotype. In individuals who experienced non-severe disease, spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed increased expression of markers associated with durable B cell memory, including T-bet and FcRL5, as compared to individuals who experienced severe disease. While the frequency of T-bet+ spike-specific IgG+ B cells differed between the two groups, these cells predominantly showed an activated switched memory B cell phenotype in both groups. Five months post-symptom onset, the majority of spike-specific memory B cells had a resting phenotype and the percentage of spike-specific T-bet+ IgG+ memory B cells decreased to baseline levels. Collectively, our results highlight subtle differences in the B cells response after non-severe and severe COVID-19 and suggest that the memory B cell response elicited during non-severe COVID-19 may be of higher quality than the response after severe disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261656</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34936684</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Analysis ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; B cells ; B-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomarkers - analysis ; Bone marrow ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - immunology ; COVID-19 - metabolism ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Disease transmission ; Female ; Flow cytometry ; Flow Cytometry - methods ; Genotype &amp; phenotype ; Health aspects ; Hospitalization - trends ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Immunologic Memory ; Immunological memory ; Immunology ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Lymphocytes B ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Memory B Cells - immunology ; Memory B Cells - metabolism ; Memory cells ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Phenotypes ; Plasma cells ; Protein binding ; Receptors, Fc - blood ; Receptors, Fc - genetics ; Receptors, Fc - metabolism ; Research and Analysis Methods ; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology ; Spike protein ; T-Box Domain Proteins - blood ; T-Box Domain Proteins - metabolism ; Viral diseases</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261656-e0261656</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Reyes et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Reyes et al 2021 Reyes et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-749963f5ae14867e442078b67c7c0513f3d097f935486c2b249bcfafe341d9043</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-749963f5ae14867e442078b67c7c0513f3d097f935486c2b249bcfafe341d9043</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6980-9164 ; 0000-0001-5122-6112 ; 0000-0002-6621-4103 ; 0000-0001-6047-2286 ; 0000-0002-2234-4758 ; 0000-0002-3843-6657 ; 0000-0003-4003-3053</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8694470/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8694470/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23864,27922,27923,53789,53791,79370,79371</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34936684$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>van Zelm, Menno C</contributor><creatorcontrib>Reyes, Raphael A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clarke, Kathleen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzales, S Jake</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cantwell, Angelene M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garza, Rolando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Catano, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tragus, Robin E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patterson, Thomas F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bol, Sebastiaan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bunnik, Evelien M</creatorcontrib><title>SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust B cell response, resulting in the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 severity on the memory B cell response and characterize changes in the memory B cell compartment between recovery and five months post-symptom onset. Using high-parameter spectral flow cytometry, we analyzed the phenotype of memory B cells with reactivity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in recovered individuals who had been hospitalized with non-severe (n = 8) or severe (n = 5) COVID-19. One month after symptom onset, a substantial proportion of spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed an activated phenotype. In individuals who experienced non-severe disease, spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed increased expression of markers associated with durable B cell memory, including T-bet and FcRL5, as compared to individuals who experienced severe disease. While the frequency of T-bet+ spike-specific IgG+ B cells differed between the two groups, these cells predominantly showed an activated switched memory B cell phenotype in both groups. Five months post-symptom onset, the majority of spike-specific memory B cells had a resting phenotype and the percentage of spike-specific T-bet+ IgG+ memory B cells decreased to baseline levels. Collectively, our results highlight subtle differences in the B cells response after non-severe and severe COVID-19 and suggest that the memory B cell response elicited during non-severe COVID-19 may be of higher quality than the response after severe disease.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>B cells</subject><subject>B-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - analysis</subject><subject>Bone marrow</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - metabolism</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Flow Cytometry - methods</subject><subject>Genotype &amp; phenotype</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hospitalization - trends</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - blood</subject><subject>Immunologic Memory</subject><subject>Immunological memory</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Lymphocytes B</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Memory B Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Memory B Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Memory cells</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Plasma cells</subject><subject>Protein binding</subject><subject>Receptors, Fc - blood</subject><subject>Receptors, Fc - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Fc - metabolism</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology</subject><subject>Spike protein</subject><subject>T-Box Domain Proteins - blood</subject><subject>T-Box Domain Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1Fv0zAQxyMEYmPwDRBYQkLwkOLEjh2_IJXCoFKlSu3oq-U6l9YliYOdTNtH4FvjrtnUoj0gP9i6-93fvjtfFL1O8CghPPm0s71rVDVqbQMjnLKEZexJdJ4IksYsxeTp0fkseuH9DuOM5Iw9j84IFYSxnJ5Hf5bjxTKe2FWcIt-aXxD7FrQpjUY11Nbdoi9IQ1V5BDetA-_R1my24FAF1xCstkRX8Ro6pJoCXerFLEOq7IK_sU3sA-MATear6dc4EUh5pG3dKgcF6iwa3IXxoDy8jJ6VqvLwatgvop-X364mP-LZ_Pt0Mp7Fmom0izkVgpEyU5DQnHGgNMU8XzOuucZZQkpSYMFLQbLg1uk6pWKtS1UCoUkhMCUX0duDbltZL4cqehkKmPIEC4oDMT0QhVU72TpTK3crrTLyzmDdRirXGV2B5FQxpfMM5zmjayhEoQVmKk8FKTimWdD6PNzWr2soNDSdU9WJ6KmnMVu5sdcyZ4JSvn_Mh0HA2d89-E7Wxu87ohqw_d27SSoyKtKAvvsHfTy7gdqokIBpShvu1XtROWY5ZwxjzgM1eoQKq4Da6PDlShPsJwEfTwIC08FNt1G993K6XPw_O1-dsu-P2C2oqtt6W_WdsY0_BekB1M5676B8KHKC5X5i7qsh9xMjh4kJYW-OG_QQdD8i5C_PTA3E</recordid><startdate>20211222</startdate><enddate>20211222</enddate><creator>Reyes, Raphael A</creator><creator>Clarke, Kathleen</creator><creator>Gonzales, S Jake</creator><creator>Cantwell, Angelene M</creator><creator>Garza, Rolando</creator><creator>Catano, Gabriel</creator><creator>Tragus, Robin E</creator><creator>Patterson, Thomas F</creator><creator>Bol, Sebastiaan</creator><creator>Bunnik, Evelien M</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-9164</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-6112</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-4103</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6047-2286</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-4758</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3843-6657</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4003-3053</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211222</creationdate><title>SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease</title><author>Reyes, Raphael A ; Clarke, Kathleen ; Gonzales, S Jake ; Cantwell, Angelene M ; Garza, Rolando ; Catano, Gabriel ; Tragus, Robin E ; Patterson, Thomas F ; Bol, Sebastiaan ; Bunnik, Evelien M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-749963f5ae14867e442078b67c7c0513f3d097f935486c2b249bcfafe341d9043</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>B cells</topic><topic>B-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - analysis</topic><topic>Bone marrow</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - immunology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - metabolism</topic><topic>COVID-19 vaccines</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Flow Cytometry - methods</topic><topic>Genotype &amp; phenotype</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hospitalization - trends</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - blood</topic><topic>Immunologic Memory</topic><topic>Immunological memory</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Lymphocytes B</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Memory B Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Memory B Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Memory cells</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Plasma cells</topic><topic>Protein binding</topic><topic>Receptors, Fc - blood</topic><topic>Receptors, Fc - genetics</topic><topic>Receptors, Fc - metabolism</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology</topic><topic>Spike protein</topic><topic>T-Box Domain Proteins - blood</topic><topic>T-Box Domain Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Reyes, Raphael A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clarke, Kathleen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzales, S Jake</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cantwell, Angelene M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garza, Rolando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Catano, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tragus, Robin E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patterson, Thomas F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bol, Sebastiaan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bunnik, Evelien M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Reyes, Raphael A</au><au>Clarke, Kathleen</au><au>Gonzales, S Jake</au><au>Cantwell, Angelene M</au><au>Garza, Rolando</au><au>Catano, Gabriel</au><au>Tragus, Robin E</au><au>Patterson, Thomas F</au><au>Bol, Sebastiaan</au><au>Bunnik, Evelien M</au><au>van Zelm, Menno C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-12-22</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0261656</spage><epage>e0261656</epage><pages>e0261656-e0261656</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust B cell response, resulting in the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 severity on the memory B cell response and characterize changes in the memory B cell compartment between recovery and five months post-symptom onset. Using high-parameter spectral flow cytometry, we analyzed the phenotype of memory B cells with reactivity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in recovered individuals who had been hospitalized with non-severe (n = 8) or severe (n = 5) COVID-19. One month after symptom onset, a substantial proportion of spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed an activated phenotype. In individuals who experienced non-severe disease, spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed increased expression of markers associated with durable B cell memory, including T-bet and FcRL5, as compared to individuals who experienced severe disease. While the frequency of T-bet+ spike-specific IgG+ B cells differed between the two groups, these cells predominantly showed an activated switched memory B cell phenotype in both groups. Five months post-symptom onset, the majority of spike-specific memory B cells had a resting phenotype and the percentage of spike-specific T-bet+ IgG+ memory B cells decreased to baseline levels. Collectively, our results highlight subtle differences in the B cells response after non-severe and severe COVID-19 and suggest that the memory B cell response elicited during non-severe COVID-19 may be of higher quality than the response after severe disease.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34936684</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0261656</doi><tpages>e0261656</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-9164</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-6112</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-4103</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6047-2286</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-4758</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3843-6657</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4003-3053</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
ispartof PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261656-e0261656
issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
language eng
recordid cdi_plos_journals_2612710940
source MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Adult
Aged
Analysis
Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral - blood
B cells
B-Lymphocytes - metabolism
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomarkers - analysis
Bone marrow
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - metabolism
COVID-19 vaccines
Disease transmission
Female
Flow cytometry
Flow Cytometry - methods
Genotype & phenotype
Health aspects
Hospitalization - trends
Humans
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Immunologic Memory
Immunological memory
Immunology
Infections
Infectious diseases
Lymphocytes B
Male
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Memory B Cells - immunology
Memory B Cells - metabolism
Memory cells
Middle Aged
Pandemics
Phenotypes
Plasma cells
Protein binding
Receptors, Fc - blood
Receptors, Fc - genetics
Receptors, Fc - metabolism
Research and Analysis Methods
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Severity of Illness Index
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Spike protein
T-Box Domain Proteins - blood
T-Box Domain Proteins - metabolism
Viral diseases
title SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-09T21%3A50%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SARS-CoV-2%20spike-specific%20memory%20B%20cells%20express%20higher%20levels%20of%20T-bet%20and%20FcRL5%20after%20non-severe%20COVID-19%20as%20compared%20to%20severe%20disease&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Reyes,%20Raphael%20A&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=e0261656&rft.epage=e0261656&rft.pages=e0261656-e0261656&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0261656&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA687660077%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2612710940&rft_id=info:pmid/34936684&rft_galeid=A687660077&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_74a6ac8508864bed9dc906a8293d7045&rfr_iscdi=true