Translating best practice into real practice: Methods, results and lessons from a project to translate an English sexual health survey into four Asian languages
Migrants are underrepresented in population health surveys. Offering translated survey instruments has been shown to increase migrant representation. While 'team translation' represents current best practice, there are relatively few published examples describing how it has been implemente...
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| creator | Vujcich, Daniel Roberts, Meagan Gu, Zhihong Kao, Shih-Chi Lobo, Roanna Mao, Limin Oudih, Enaam Phoo, Nang Nge Nge Wong, Horas Reid, Alison |
| description | Migrants are underrepresented in population health surveys. Offering translated survey instruments has been shown to increase migrant representation. While 'team translation' represents current best practice, there are relatively few published examples describing how it has been implemented. The purpose of this paper is to document the process, results and lessons from a project to translate an English-language sexual health and blood-borne virus survey into Khmer, Karen, Vietnamese and Traditional Chinese.
The approach to translation was based on the TRAPD (Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation) model. The English-language survey was sent to two accredited, independent translators. At least one bilingual person was chosen to review and compare the translations and preferred translations were selected through consensus. Agreed translations were pretested with small samples of individuals fluent in the survey language and further revisions made.
Of the 51 survey questions, only nine resulted in identical independent translations in at least one language. Material differences between the translations related to: (1) the translation of technical terms and medical terminology (e.g. HIV); (2) variations in dialect; and (3) differences in cultural understandings of survey concepts (e.g. committed relationships).
Survey translation is time-consuming and costly and, as a result, deviations from TRAPD 'best practice' occurred. It is not possible to determine whether closer adherence to TRAPD 'best practice' would have improved the quality of the resulting translations. However, our study does demonstrate that even adaptations of the TRAPD method can identify issues that may not have been apparent had non-team-based or single-round translation approaches been adopted. Given the dearth of clear empirical evidence about the most accurate and feasible method of undertaking translations, we encourage future researchers to follow our example of making translation data publicly available to enhance transparency and enable critical appraisal. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0261074 |
| format | Article |
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The approach to translation was based on the TRAPD (Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation) model. The English-language survey was sent to two accredited, independent translators. At least one bilingual person was chosen to review and compare the translations and preferred translations were selected through consensus. Agreed translations were pretested with small samples of individuals fluent in the survey language and further revisions made.
Of the 51 survey questions, only nine resulted in identical independent translations in at least one language. Material differences between the translations related to: (1) the translation of technical terms and medical terminology (e.g. HIV); (2) variations in dialect; and (3) differences in cultural understandings of survey concepts (e.g. committed relationships).
Survey translation is time-consuming and costly and, as a result, deviations from TRAPD 'best practice' occurred. It is not possible to determine whether closer adherence to TRAPD 'best practice' would have improved the quality of the resulting translations. However, our study does demonstrate that even adaptations of the TRAPD method can identify issues that may not have been apparent had non-team-based or single-round translation approaches been adopted. Given the dearth of clear empirical evidence about the most accurate and feasible method of undertaking translations, we encourage future researchers to follow our example of making translation data publicly available to enhance transparency and enable critical appraisal.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261074</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34919577</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Adjudication ; Best practice ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chlamydia ; Country of birth ; English language ; Feasibility studies ; Health Surveys ; HIV ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Interpreters ; Language ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; People and Places ; Polls & surveys ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Questionnaires ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Sexual Health ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; Social research ; Social Sciences ; STD ; Terminology ; Translating ; Translation ; Translations ; Translations and translating ; Translators ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261074-e0261074</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Vujcich et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Vujcich et al 2021 Vujcich et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-aaeca58e478bec69c14e30bd6917c8e73efec9900d892b5b5edc3d08c39b406c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-aaeca58e478bec69c14e30bd6917c8e73efec9900d892b5b5edc3d08c39b406c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4849-4444 ; 0000-0002-8335-3017</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8682877/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8682877/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34919577$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Chow, Ka Ming</contributor><creatorcontrib>Vujcich, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roberts, Meagan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Zhihong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, Shih-Chi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lobo, Roanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mao, Limin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oudih, Enaam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phoo, Nang Nge Nge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Horas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reid, Alison</creatorcontrib><title>Translating best practice into real practice: Methods, results and lessons from a project to translate an English sexual health survey into four Asian languages</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Migrants are underrepresented in population health surveys. Offering translated survey instruments has been shown to increase migrant representation. While 'team translation' represents current best practice, there are relatively few published examples describing how it has been implemented. The purpose of this paper is to document the process, results and lessons from a project to translate an English-language sexual health and blood-borne virus survey into Khmer, Karen, Vietnamese and Traditional Chinese.
The approach to translation was based on the TRAPD (Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation) model. The English-language survey was sent to two accredited, independent translators. At least one bilingual person was chosen to review and compare the translations and preferred translations were selected through consensus. Agreed translations were pretested with small samples of individuals fluent in the survey language and further revisions made.
Of the 51 survey questions, only nine resulted in identical independent translations in at least one language. Material differences between the translations related to: (1) the translation of technical terms and medical terminology (e.g. HIV); (2) variations in dialect; and (3) differences in cultural understandings of survey concepts (e.g. committed relationships).
Survey translation is time-consuming and costly and, as a result, deviations from TRAPD 'best practice' occurred. It is not possible to determine whether closer adherence to TRAPD 'best practice' would have improved the quality of the resulting translations. However, our study does demonstrate that even adaptations of the TRAPD method can identify issues that may not have been apparent had non-team-based or single-round translation approaches been adopted. Given the dearth of clear empirical evidence about the most accurate and feasible method of undertaking translations, we encourage future researchers to follow our example of making translation data publicly available to enhance transparency and enable critical appraisal.</description><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Adjudication</subject><subject>Best practice</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chlamydia</subject><subject>Country of birth</subject><subject>English language</subject><subject>Feasibility studies</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interpreters</subject><subject>Language</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Practice Guidelines as Topic</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Research and Analysis 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Shih-Chi</au><au>Lobo, Roanna</au><au>Mao, Limin</au><au>Oudih, Enaam</au><au>Phoo, Nang Nge Nge</au><au>Wong, Horas</au><au>Reid, Alison</au><au>Chow, Ka Ming</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Translating best practice into real practice: Methods, results and lessons from a project to translate an English sexual health survey into four Asian languages</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-12-17</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0261074</spage><epage>e0261074</epage><pages>e0261074-e0261074</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Migrants are underrepresented in population health surveys. Offering translated survey instruments has been shown to increase migrant representation. While 'team translation' represents current best practice, there are relatively few published examples describing how it has been implemented. The purpose of this paper is to document the process, results and lessons from a project to translate an English-language sexual health and blood-borne virus survey into Khmer, Karen, Vietnamese and Traditional Chinese.
The approach to translation was based on the TRAPD (Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation) model. The English-language survey was sent to two accredited, independent translators. At least one bilingual person was chosen to review and compare the translations and preferred translations were selected through consensus. Agreed translations were pretested with small samples of individuals fluent in the survey language and further revisions made.
Of the 51 survey questions, only nine resulted in identical independent translations in at least one language. Material differences between the translations related to: (1) the translation of technical terms and medical terminology (e.g. HIV); (2) variations in dialect; and (3) differences in cultural understandings of survey concepts (e.g. committed relationships).
Survey translation is time-consuming and costly and, as a result, deviations from TRAPD 'best practice' occurred. It is not possible to determine whether closer adherence to TRAPD 'best practice' would have improved the quality of the resulting translations. However, our study does demonstrate that even adaptations of the TRAPD method can identify issues that may not have been apparent had non-team-based or single-round translation approaches been adopted. Given the dearth of clear empirical evidence about the most accurate and feasible method of undertaking translations, we encourage future researchers to follow our example of making translation data publicly available to enhance transparency and enable critical appraisal.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34919577</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0261074</doi><tpages>e0261074</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-4444</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8335-3017</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261074-e0261074 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2611125848 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adaptation Adjudication Best practice Biology and Life Sciences Chlamydia Country of birth English language Feasibility studies Health Surveys HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Interpreters Language Medicine and Health Sciences People and Places Polls & surveys Practice Guidelines as Topic Questionnaires Research and Analysis Methods Sexual Health Sexually transmitted diseases Social research Social Sciences STD Terminology Translating Translation Translations Translations and translating Translators Viruses |
| title | Translating best practice into real practice: Methods, results and lessons from a project to translate an English sexual health survey into four Asian languages |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-30T22%3A53%3A33IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Translating%20best%20practice%20into%20real%20practice:%20Methods,%20results%20and%20lessons%20from%20a%20project%20to%20translate%20an%20English%20sexual%20health%20survey%20into%20four%20Asian%20languages&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Vujcich,%20Daniel&rft.date=2021-12-17&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=e0261074&rft.epage=e0261074&rft.pages=e0261074-e0261074&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0261074&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA687220161%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2611125848&rft_id=info:pmid/34919577&rft_galeid=A687220161&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_2b0255e1d3af4f7d9aed79cedd889bdd&rfr_iscdi=true |