Validity and reliability of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among university students of Bangladesh
This study investigated the reliability and factorial validity of General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) in the context of university students in Bangladesh. The research aimed to assess whether the original one-dimensional model or a model containing both somatic and cognitive-emotional factors is appr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261590-e0261590 |
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| description | This study investigated the reliability and factorial validity of General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) in the context of university students in Bangladesh. The research aimed to assess whether the original one-dimensional model or a model containing both somatic and cognitive-emotional factors is appropriate. A repeated cross-sectional survey design based on convenience sampling was used to collect data from 677 university students. The factor structure of the GAD-7 was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its convergent validity was determined by investigating its correlations with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Results showed excellent reliability of GAD-7 as measured by Cronbach's α. CFA suggested that a modified one-factor model is appropriate for the sample. This model provided high values of comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), and Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), low value of standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) and a non-significant root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Correlation between GAD-7 and PHQ-9 was 0.751 and 0.934 between GAD-7 and PHQ-ADS. Overall, the study provided support for modified unidimensional structure for GAD-7 and showed high internal consistency along with good convergent validity. |
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The research aimed to assess whether the original one-dimensional model or a model containing both somatic and cognitive-emotional factors is appropriate. A repeated cross-sectional survey design based on convenience sampling was used to collect data from 677 university students. The factor structure of the GAD-7 was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its convergent validity was determined by investigating its correlations with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Results showed excellent reliability of GAD-7 as measured by Cronbach's α. CFA suggested that a modified one-factor model is appropriate for the sample. This model provided high values of comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), and Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), low value of standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) and a non-significant root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Correlation between GAD-7 and PHQ-9 was 0.751 and 0.934 between GAD-7 and PHQ-ADS. Overall, the study provided support for modified unidimensional structure for GAD-7 and showed high internal consistency along with good convergent validity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261590</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34914811</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; Anxiety disorders ; Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders - psychology ; Bangladesh ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cognitive ability ; College students ; Colleges & universities ; Confirmatory factor analysis ; Convergence ; Correlation ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depressive Disorder - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder - psychology ; Domestic violence ; Exploratory factor analysis ; Extracurricular activities ; Factor analysis ; Female ; Generalized anxiety disorder ; Glutamate decarboxylase ; Goodness of fit ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Indexes ; Internet access ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mental disorders ; Mental health ; Mental health surveys ; Modelling ; Morality ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - diagnosis ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology ; One dimensional models ; Patient Health Questionnaire ; Patients ; People and Places ; Physical Sciences ; Population ; Post traumatic stress disorder ; Primary care ; Private schools ; Psychological aspects ; Psychometrics - methods ; Quantitative psychology ; Questionnaires ; Reliability ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk factors ; Sample size ; Social anxiety ; Social Sciences ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology ; Students ; Students - psychology ; Supervision ; Surveys ; Universities ; University students ; Validation studies ; Validity ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261590-e0261590</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Dhira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Dhira et al 2021 Dhira et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-9ef8d343c089949605cf697b4fa53fca67a6f2365cc8c0c9b34ed87c87f272dc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-9ef8d343c089949605cf697b4fa53fca67a6f2365cc8c0c9b34ed87c87f272dc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7403-9862 ; 0000-0001-6991-8213</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8675645/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8675645/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27344,27924,27925,33774,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34914811$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Innamorati, Marco</contributor><creatorcontrib>Dhira, Tahia Anan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Mahir A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarker, Abdur Razzaque</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehareen, Jeenat</creatorcontrib><title>Validity and reliability of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among university students of Bangladesh</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>This study investigated the reliability and factorial validity of General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) in the context of university students in Bangladesh. The research aimed to assess whether the original one-dimensional model or a model containing both somatic and cognitive-emotional factors is appropriate. A repeated cross-sectional survey design based on convenience sampling was used to collect data from 677 university students. The factor structure of the GAD-7 was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its convergent validity was determined by investigating its correlations with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Results showed excellent reliability of GAD-7 as measured by Cronbach's α. CFA suggested that a modified one-factor model is appropriate for the sample. This model provided high values of comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), and Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), low value of standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) and a non-significant root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Correlation between GAD-7 and PHQ-9 was 0.751 and 0.934 between GAD-7 and PHQ-ADS. Overall, the study provided support for modified unidimensional structure for GAD-7 and showed high internal consistency along with good convergent validity.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety disorders</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Bangladesh</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>College students</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Confirmatory factor analysis</subject><subject>Convergence</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Domestic violence</subject><subject>Exploratory factor analysis</subject><subject>Extracurricular activities</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Generalized anxiety disorder</subject><subject>Glutamate decarboxylase</subject><subject>Goodness of fit</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indexes</subject><subject>Internet access</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mental health surveys</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Morality</subject><subject>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>One dimensional models</subject><subject>Patient Health Questionnaire</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Post traumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Primary care</subject><subject>Private schools</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Psychometrics - methods</subject><subject>Quantitative psychology</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Reliability</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Social anxiety</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Students - psychology</subject><subject>Supervision</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Universities</subject><subject>University students</subject><subject>Validation studies</subject><subject>Validity</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUstu1DAUjRCIlsIfIIjEpiwy2PF7U2loYahUiQ2wtRw_ZjzK2MVOKsrX43TSqoMqL2zfe865D52qegvBAiIGP23jmILqF9cx2AVoKSQCPKuOoUBtQ1uAnj96H1Wvct4CQBCn9GV1hLCAmEN4XIVfqvfGD7e1CqZOtveq8_30j64eNrZe2WBTwfy1pl6GP96W1IXPMRmbGlafrpYXDftYq10M63oM_samPNHzMBobhjzpfFZh3Stj8-Z19cKpPts3831S_fz65cf5t-bq--ryfHnVaIrx0AjruEEYacCFwIICoh0VrMNOEeS0okxR1yJKtOYaaNEhbA1nmjPXstZodFK93-te9zHLeVVZli1NioLwgrjcI0xUW3md_E6lWxmVl3eBmNZSpcHr3krOVOtw13GNCeZEcMZbJCwCgrXAUFG0zuZqY7ezRpe5y8oORA8zwW_kOt5IThmhmBSB01kgxd-jzYPc-axt36tg43jXN6SkRQwV6If_oE9PN6PWqgzgg4ulrp5E5ZJyBgGEAhfU4glUOcbuvC6-cr7EDwh4T9Ap5pyse5gRAjm58r4ZOblSzq4stHeP9_NAurch-geN3t5I</recordid><startdate>20211216</startdate><enddate>20211216</enddate><creator>Dhira, Tahia Anan</creator><creator>Rahman, Mahir A</creator><creator>Sarker, Abdur Razzaque</creator><creator>Mehareen, Jeenat</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-9862</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6991-8213</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211216</creationdate><title>Validity and reliability of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among university students of Bangladesh</title><author>Dhira, Tahia Anan ; Rahman, Mahir A ; Sarker, Abdur Razzaque ; Mehareen, Jeenat</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-9ef8d343c089949605cf697b4fa53fca67a6f2365cc8c0c9b34ed87c87f272dc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety disorders</topic><topic>Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Anxiety Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Bangladesh</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>College students</topic><topic>Colleges & universities</topic><topic>Confirmatory factor analysis</topic><topic>Convergence</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Domestic violence</topic><topic>Exploratory factor analysis</topic><topic>Extracurricular activities</topic><topic>Factor analysis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Generalized anxiety disorder</topic><topic>Glutamate decarboxylase</topic><topic>Goodness of fit</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Indexes</topic><topic>Internet access</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mental disorders</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Mental health surveys</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Morality</topic><topic>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>One dimensional models</topic><topic>Patient Health Questionnaire</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Post traumatic stress disorder</topic><topic>Primary care</topic><topic>Private schools</topic><topic>Psychological aspects</topic><topic>Psychometrics - methods</topic><topic>Quantitative psychology</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Reliability</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Sample size</topic><topic>Social anxiety</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Students - psychology</topic><topic>Supervision</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Universities</topic><topic>University students</topic><topic>Validation studies</topic><topic>Validity</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dhira, Tahia Anan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Mahir A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarker, Abdur Razzaque</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehareen, Jeenat</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dhira, Tahia Anan</au><au>Rahman, Mahir A</au><au>Sarker, Abdur Razzaque</au><au>Mehareen, Jeenat</au><au>Innamorati, Marco</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Validity and reliability of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among university students of Bangladesh</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-12-16</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0261590</spage><epage>e0261590</epage><pages>e0261590-e0261590</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>This study investigated the reliability and factorial validity of General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) in the context of university students in Bangladesh. The research aimed to assess whether the original one-dimensional model or a model containing both somatic and cognitive-emotional factors is appropriate. A repeated cross-sectional survey design based on convenience sampling was used to collect data from 677 university students. The factor structure of the GAD-7 was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its convergent validity was determined by investigating its correlations with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Results showed excellent reliability of GAD-7 as measured by Cronbach's α. CFA suggested that a modified one-factor model is appropriate for the sample. This model provided high values of comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), and Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), low value of standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) and a non-significant root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Correlation between GAD-7 and PHQ-9 was 0.751 and 0.934 between GAD-7 and PHQ-ADS. Overall, the study provided support for modified unidimensional structure for GAD-7 and showed high internal consistency along with good convergent validity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34914811</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0261590</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-9862</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6991-8213</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0261590-e0261590 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Sociological Abstracts; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Anxiety Anxiety disorders Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis Anxiety Disorders - psychology Bangladesh Biology and Life Sciences Cognitive ability College students Colleges & universities Confirmatory factor analysis Convergence Correlation COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Depressive Disorder - diagnosis Depressive Disorder - psychology Domestic violence Exploratory factor analysis Extracurricular activities Factor analysis Female Generalized anxiety disorder Glutamate decarboxylase Goodness of fit Health aspects Humans Indexes Internet access Male Medicine and Health Sciences Mental disorders Mental health Mental health surveys Modelling Morality Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - diagnosis Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology One dimensional models Patient Health Questionnaire Patients People and Places Physical Sciences Population Post traumatic stress disorder Primary care Private schools Psychological aspects Psychometrics - methods Quantitative psychology Questionnaires Reliability Reproducibility of Results Research and Analysis Methods Risk factors Sample size Social anxiety Social Sciences Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology Students Students - psychology Supervision Surveys Universities University students Validation studies Validity Young Adult |
| title | Validity and reliability of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among university students of Bangladesh |
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