Depression, anxiety, and happiness in dog owners and potential dog owners during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Major life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, affect psychological and physiological health. Social support, or the lack thereof, can modulate these effects. The context of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to better understand how dogs may provide social support for their owner...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0260676 |
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| creator | Martin, Francois Bachert, Katherine E Snow, LeAnn Tu, Hsiao-Wei Belahbib, Julien Lyn, Sandra A |
| description | Major life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, affect psychological and physiological health. Social support, or the lack thereof, can modulate these effects. The context of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to better understand how dogs may provide social support for their owners and buffer heightened symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression and contribute to happiness during a major global crisis. Participants (768 pet dog owners and 767 potential pet dog owners) answered an online survey, including validated depression, anxiety, happiness psychometric scales, attitude to and commitment towards pet, and perceived social support. Potential pet dog owners were defined as individuals who did not own a dog at the time of the survey but would be very or extremely interested in owning one in the future. Dog owners reported having significantly more social support available to them compared to potential dog owners, and their depression scores were also lower, compared to potential dog owners. There were no differences in anxiety and happiness scores between the two groups. Dog owners had a significantly more positive attitude towards and commitment to pets. Taken together, our results suggest that dog ownership may have provided people with a stronger sense of social support, which in turn may have helped buffer some of the negative psychological impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0260676 |
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Social support, or the lack thereof, can modulate these effects. The context of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to better understand how dogs may provide social support for their owners and buffer heightened symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression and contribute to happiness during a major global crisis. Participants (768 pet dog owners and 767 potential pet dog owners) answered an online survey, including validated depression, anxiety, happiness psychometric scales, attitude to and commitment towards pet, and perceived social support. Potential pet dog owners were defined as individuals who did not own a dog at the time of the survey but would be very or extremely interested in owning one in the future. Dog owners reported having significantly more social support available to them compared to potential dog owners, and their depression scores were also lower, compared to potential dog owners. There were no differences in anxiety and happiness scores between the two groups. Dog owners had a significantly more positive attitude towards and commitment to pets. Taken together, our results suggest that dog ownership may have provided people with a stronger sense of social support, which in turn may have helped buffer some of the negative psychological impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260676</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34910761</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Anxiety - epidemiology ; Anxiety - psychology ; Attitude measures ; Attitudes ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Buffers ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - psychology ; Depression - epidemiology ; Depression - psychology ; Diagnosis ; Disease transmission ; Dogs ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Life events ; Loneliness ; Male ; Medical supplies ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mental depression ; Mental health ; Middle Aged ; Ownership ; Pandemics ; Pets ; Pets - psychology ; Physiological effects ; Polls & surveys ; Psychological aspects ; Quantitative psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Social aspects ; Social distancing ; Social interaction ; Social interactions ; Social Sciences ; Social Support ; Stress ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0260676</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Martin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Social support, or the lack thereof, can modulate these effects. The context of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to better understand how dogs may provide social support for their owners and buffer heightened symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression and contribute to happiness during a major global crisis. Participants (768 pet dog owners and 767 potential pet dog owners) answered an online survey, including validated depression, anxiety, happiness psychometric scales, attitude to and commitment towards pet, and perceived social support. Potential pet dog owners were defined as individuals who did not own a dog at the time of the survey but would be very or extremely interested in owning one in the future. Dog owners reported having significantly more social support available to them compared to potential dog owners, and their depression scores were also lower, compared to potential dog owners. 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Taken together, our results suggest that dog ownership may have provided people with a stronger sense of social support, which in turn may have helped buffer some of the negative psychological impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety - epidemiology</subject><subject>Anxiety - psychology</subject><subject>Attitude measures</subject><subject>Attitudes</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Buffers</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - psychology</subject><subject>Depression - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depression - psychology</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Happiness</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life events</subject><subject>Loneliness</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical supplies</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Ownership</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pets</subject><subject>Pets - 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Social support, or the lack thereof, can modulate these effects. The context of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to better understand how dogs may provide social support for their owners and buffer heightened symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression and contribute to happiness during a major global crisis. Participants (768 pet dog owners and 767 potential pet dog owners) answered an online survey, including validated depression, anxiety, happiness psychometric scales, attitude to and commitment towards pet, and perceived social support. Potential pet dog owners were defined as individuals who did not own a dog at the time of the survey but would be very or extremely interested in owning one in the future. Dog owners reported having significantly more social support available to them compared to potential dog owners, and their depression scores were also lower, compared to potential dog owners. There were no differences in anxiety and happiness scores between the two groups. Dog owners had a significantly more positive attitude towards and commitment to pets. Taken together, our results suggest that dog ownership may have provided people with a stronger sense of social support, which in turn may have helped buffer some of the negative psychological impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34910761</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0260676</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1322-433X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Animals Anxiety Anxiety - epidemiology Anxiety - psychology Attitude measures Attitudes Biology and Life Sciences Buffers Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - psychology Depression - epidemiology Depression - psychology Diagnosis Disease transmission Dogs Female Happiness Humans Life events Loneliness Male Medical supplies Medicine and Health Sciences Mental depression Mental health Middle Aged Ownership Pandemics Pets Pets - psychology Physiological effects Polls & surveys Psychological aspects Quantitative psychology SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Social aspects Social distancing Social interaction Social interactions Social Sciences Social Support Stress Surveys and Questionnaires United States - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Depression, anxiety, and happiness in dog owners and potential dog owners during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States |
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