Reproductive barriers in cassava: Factors and implications for genetic improvement
Cassava breeding is hampered by high flower abortion rates that prevent efficient recombination among promising clones. To better understand the factors causing flower abortion and propose strategies to overcome them, we 1) analyzed the reproductive barriers to intraspecific crossing, 2) evaluated p...
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| description | Cassava breeding is hampered by high flower abortion rates that prevent efficient recombination among promising clones. To better understand the factors causing flower abortion and propose strategies to overcome them, we 1) analyzed the reproductive barriers to intraspecific crossing, 2) evaluated pollen-pistil interactions to maximize hand pollination efficiency, and 3) identified the population structure of elite parental clones. From 2016 to 2018, the abortion and fertilization rates of 5,748 hand crossings involving 91 parents and 157 progenies were estimated. We used 16,300 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to study the parents' population structure via discriminant analysis of principal components, and three clusters were identified. To test for male and female effects, we used a mixed model in which the environment (month and year) was fixed, while female and male (nested to female) were random effects. Regardless of the population structure, significant parental effects were identified for abortion and fertilization rates, suggesting the existence of reproductive barriers among certain cassava clones. Matching ability between cassava parents was significant for pollen grains that adhered to the stigma surface, germinated pollen grains, and the number of fertilized ovules. Non-additive genetic effects were important to the inheritance of these traits. Pollen viability and pollen-pistil interactions in cross- and self-pollination were also investigated to characterize pollen-stigma compatibility. Various events related to pollen tube growth dynamics indicated fertilization abnormalities. These abnormalities included the reticulated deposition of callose in the pollen tube, pollen tube growth cessation in a specific region of the stylet, and low pollen grain germination rate. Generally, pollen viability and stigma receptivity varied depending on the clone and flowering stage and were lost during flowering. This study provides novel insights into cassava reproduction that can assist in practical crossing and maximize the recombination of contrasting clones. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0260576 |
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To better understand the factors causing flower abortion and propose strategies to overcome them, we 1) analyzed the reproductive barriers to intraspecific crossing, 2) evaluated pollen-pistil interactions to maximize hand pollination efficiency, and 3) identified the population structure of elite parental clones. From 2016 to 2018, the abortion and fertilization rates of 5,748 hand crossings involving 91 parents and 157 progenies were estimated. We used 16,300 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to study the parents' population structure via discriminant analysis of principal components, and three clusters were identified. To test for male and female effects, we used a mixed model in which the environment (month and year) was fixed, while female and male (nested to female) were random effects. Regardless of the population structure, significant parental effects were identified for abortion and fertilization rates, suggesting the existence of reproductive barriers among certain cassava clones. Matching ability between cassava parents was significant for pollen grains that adhered to the stigma surface, germinated pollen grains, and the number of fertilized ovules. Non-additive genetic effects were important to the inheritance of these traits. Pollen viability and pollen-pistil interactions in cross- and self-pollination were also investigated to characterize pollen-stigma compatibility. Various events related to pollen tube growth dynamics indicated fertilization abnormalities. These abnormalities included the reticulated deposition of callose in the pollen tube, pollen tube growth cessation in a specific region of the stylet, and low pollen grain germination rate. Generally, pollen viability and stigma receptivity varied depending on the clone and flowering stage and were lost during flowering. This study provides novel insights into cassava reproduction that can assist in practical crossing and maximize the recombination of contrasting clones.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260576</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34847205</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abnormalities ; Abortion ; Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cassava ; Cloning ; Discriminant analysis ; Experiments ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; Flowering ; Flowers & plants ; Gene expression ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic effects ; Genetic improvement ; Genetic polymorphisms ; Genetically modified organisms ; Germination ; Heredity ; Humidity ; Males ; Manihot - genetics ; Nucleotides ; Ovule ; Ovules ; Plant Breeding ; Plant reproduction ; Plant reproductive structures ; Pollen ; Pollen Tube ; Pollen tubes ; Pollination ; Polymorphism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population structure ; Population studies ; Recombination ; Seeds ; Single-nucleotide polymorphism ; Stigmas (botany)</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0260576-e0260576</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Bandeira e Sousa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Bandeira e Sousa et al 2021 Bandeira e Sousa et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7fb219a7af076ea2dd584409709ff3f372399cdb6804e50b36a99d2c027c80d23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7fb219a7af076ea2dd584409709ff3f372399cdb6804e50b36a99d2c027c80d23</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8992-7459</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631659/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631659/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34847205$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bandeira E Sousa, Massaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Luciano Rogerio Braatz de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, Everton Hilo de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alves, Alfredo Augusto Cunha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Oliveira, Eder Jorge</creatorcontrib><title>Reproductive barriers in cassava: Factors and implications for genetic improvement</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Cassava breeding is hampered by high flower abortion rates that prevent efficient recombination among promising clones. To better understand the factors causing flower abortion and propose strategies to overcome them, we 1) analyzed the reproductive barriers to intraspecific crossing, 2) evaluated pollen-pistil interactions to maximize hand pollination efficiency, and 3) identified the population structure of elite parental clones. From 2016 to 2018, the abortion and fertilization rates of 5,748 hand crossings involving 91 parents and 157 progenies were estimated. We used 16,300 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to study the parents' population structure via discriminant analysis of principal components, and three clusters were identified. To test for male and female effects, we used a mixed model in which the environment (month and year) was fixed, while female and male (nested to female) were random effects. Regardless of the population structure, significant parental effects were identified for abortion and fertilization rates, suggesting the existence of reproductive barriers among certain cassava clones. Matching ability between cassava parents was significant for pollen grains that adhered to the stigma surface, germinated pollen grains, and the number of fertilized ovules. Non-additive genetic effects were important to the inheritance of these traits. Pollen viability and pollen-pistil interactions in cross- and self-pollination were also investigated to characterize pollen-stigma compatibility. Various events related to pollen tube growth dynamics indicated fertilization abnormalities. These abnormalities included the reticulated deposition of callose in the pollen tube, pollen tube growth cessation in a specific region of the stylet, and low pollen grain germination rate. Generally, pollen viability and stigma receptivity varied depending on the clone and flowering stage and were lost during flowering. This study provides novel insights into cassava reproduction that can assist in practical crossing and maximize the recombination of contrasting clones.</description><subject>Abnormalities</subject><subject>Abortion</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cassava</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Discriminant analysis</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic effects</subject><subject>Genetic improvement</subject><subject>Genetic polymorphisms</subject><subject>Genetically modified organisms</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Heredity</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Manihot - genetics</subject><subject>Nucleotides</subject><subject>Ovule</subject><subject>Ovules</subject><subject>Plant Breeding</subject><subject>Plant reproduction</subject><subject>Plant reproductive structures</subject><subject>Pollen</subject><subject>Pollen Tube</subject><subject>Pollen tubes</subject><subject>Pollination</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>Population structure</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Recombination</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Single-nucleotide polymorphism</subject><subject>Stigmas 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barriers in cassava: Factors and implications for genetic improvement</title><author>Bandeira E Sousa, Massaine ; Andrade, Luciano Rogerio Braatz de ; Souza, Everton Hilo de ; Alves, Alfredo Augusto Cunha ; de Oliveira, Eder Jorge</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7fb219a7af076ea2dd584409709ff3f372399cdb6804e50b36a99d2c027c80d23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Abnormalities</topic><topic>Abortion</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cassava</topic><topic>Cloning</topic><topic>Discriminant analysis</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Fertility</topic><topic>Fertilization</topic><topic>Flowering</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic effects</topic><topic>Genetic improvement</topic><topic>Genetic 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de</au><au>Alves, Alfredo Augusto Cunha</au><au>de Oliveira, Eder Jorge</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reproductive barriers in cassava: Factors and implications for genetic improvement</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-11-30</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0260576</spage><epage>e0260576</epage><pages>e0260576-e0260576</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Cassava breeding is hampered by high flower abortion rates that prevent efficient recombination among promising clones. To better understand the factors causing flower abortion and propose strategies to overcome them, we 1) analyzed the reproductive barriers to intraspecific crossing, 2) evaluated pollen-pistil interactions to maximize hand pollination efficiency, and 3) identified the population structure of elite parental clones. From 2016 to 2018, the abortion and fertilization rates of 5,748 hand crossings involving 91 parents and 157 progenies were estimated. We used 16,300 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to study the parents' population structure via discriminant analysis of principal components, and three clusters were identified. To test for male and female effects, we used a mixed model in which the environment (month and year) was fixed, while female and male (nested to female) were random effects. Regardless of the population structure, significant parental effects were identified for abortion and fertilization rates, suggesting the existence of reproductive barriers among certain cassava clones. Matching ability between cassava parents was significant for pollen grains that adhered to the stigma surface, germinated pollen grains, and the number of fertilized ovules. Non-additive genetic effects were important to the inheritance of these traits. Pollen viability and pollen-pistil interactions in cross- and self-pollination were also investigated to characterize pollen-stigma compatibility. Various events related to pollen tube growth dynamics indicated fertilization abnormalities. These abnormalities included the reticulated deposition of callose in the pollen tube, pollen tube growth cessation in a specific region of the stylet, and low pollen grain germination rate. Generally, pollen viability and stigma receptivity varied depending on the clone and flowering stage and were lost during flowering. This study provides novel insights into cassava reproduction that can assist in practical crossing and maximize the recombination of contrasting clones.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34847205</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0260576</doi><tpages>e0260576</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-7459</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abnormalities Abortion Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Cassava Cloning Discriminant analysis Experiments Fertility Fertilization Flowering Flowers & plants Gene expression Genetic aspects Genetic effects Genetic improvement Genetic polymorphisms Genetically modified organisms Germination Heredity Humidity Males Manihot - genetics Nucleotides Ovule Ovules Plant Breeding Plant reproduction Plant reproductive structures Pollen Pollen Tube Pollen tubes Pollination Polymorphism Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Population structure Population studies Recombination Seeds Single-nucleotide polymorphism Stigmas (botany) |
| title | Reproductive barriers in cassava: Factors and implications for genetic improvement |
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