Reduced production of the major allergens Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in Blattella germanica after antibiotic treatment
Allergens present in the feces or frass of cockroaches can cause allergic sensitization in humans. The use of fecal and frass extracts for immunotherapy has been previously investigated but has not yet been fully standardized. Here, we treated cockroaches with ampicillin to produce extracts with red...
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| creator | Lee, Seogwon Kim, Ju Yeong Yi, Myung-Hee Lee, In-Yong Yong, Dongeun Yong, Tai-Soon |
| description | Allergens present in the feces or frass of cockroaches can cause allergic sensitization in humans. The use of fecal and frass extracts for immunotherapy has been previously investigated but has not yet been fully standardized. Here, we treated cockroaches with ampicillin to produce extracts with reduced amounts of total bacteria.
We performed targeted high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA to compare the microbiomes of ampicillin-treated and untreated (control) cockroaches. RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ampicillin-treated cockroaches.
Analysis of the microbiome revealed that alpha diversity was lower in the ampicillin-treated group than in the control group. Beta diversity analysis indicated that ampicillin treatment altered bacterial composition in the microbiome of cockroaches. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that almost all bacteria were removed from ampicillin-treated cockroaches. RNA-seq analysis revealed 1,236 DEGs in ampicillin-treated cockroaches (compared to untreated cockroaches). Unlike bacterial composition, the DEGs varied between the two groups. Among major allergens, the expression of Bla g 2 decreased significantly in ampicillin-treated cockroaches (compared to untreated group).
In this study, the reduced level of allergens observed in cockroaches may be related to lower amounts of total bacteria caused by treatment with antibiotics. It is possible to make a protein extract with few bacteria for use in immunotherapy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0257114 |
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We performed targeted high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA to compare the microbiomes of ampicillin-treated and untreated (control) cockroaches. RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ampicillin-treated cockroaches.
Analysis of the microbiome revealed that alpha diversity was lower in the ampicillin-treated group than in the control group. Beta diversity analysis indicated that ampicillin treatment altered bacterial composition in the microbiome of cockroaches. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that almost all bacteria were removed from ampicillin-treated cockroaches. RNA-seq analysis revealed 1,236 DEGs in ampicillin-treated cockroaches (compared to untreated cockroaches). Unlike bacterial composition, the DEGs varied between the two groups. Among major allergens, the expression of Bla g 2 decreased significantly in ampicillin-treated cockroaches (compared to untreated group).
In this study, the reduced level of allergens observed in cockroaches may be related to lower amounts of total bacteria caused by treatment with antibiotics. It is possible to make a protein extract with few bacteria for use in immunotherapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257114</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34813599</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Allergens ; Allergens - isolation & purification ; Allergies ; Ampicillin ; Ampicillin - pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Antibiotics ; Arthropods ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases - isolation & purification ; Bacteria ; Bioinformatics ; Biological products ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blattaria ; Chemical properties ; Cockroaches ; Cockroaches - drug effects ; Cockroaches - microbiology ; Composition ; Discriminant analysis ; Drug therapy ; Enzymes ; Gene expression ; Immunological research ; Immunotherapy ; Laboratories ; Medical schools ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microbiomes ; Microbiota ; Microbiota - drug effects ; Next-generation sequencing ; Physiological aspects ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Ribonucleic acid ; RNA ; rRNA 16S ; Testing</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0257114-e0257114</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Lee et al 2021 Lee et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c534t-7164e328a279fe8d403b6016f365a64acd900b3bfc449ceb11224dbc41e58ba3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3445-0769</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8610280/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8610280/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34813599$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Seogwon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Ju Yeong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yi, Myung-Hee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, In-Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yong, Dongeun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yong, Tai-Soon</creatorcontrib><title>Reduced production of the major allergens Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in Blattella germanica after antibiotic treatment</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Allergens present in the feces or frass of cockroaches can cause allergic sensitization in humans. The use of fecal and frass extracts for immunotherapy has been previously investigated but has not yet been fully standardized. Here, we treated cockroaches with ampicillin to produce extracts with reduced amounts of total bacteria.
We performed targeted high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA to compare the microbiomes of ampicillin-treated and untreated (control) cockroaches. RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ampicillin-treated cockroaches.
Analysis of the microbiome revealed that alpha diversity was lower in the ampicillin-treated group than in the control group. Beta diversity analysis indicated that ampicillin treatment altered bacterial composition in the microbiome of cockroaches. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that almost all bacteria were removed from ampicillin-treated cockroaches. RNA-seq analysis revealed 1,236 DEGs in ampicillin-treated cockroaches (compared to untreated cockroaches). Unlike bacterial composition, the DEGs varied between the two groups. Among major allergens, the expression of Bla g 2 decreased significantly in ampicillin-treated cockroaches (compared to untreated group).
In this study, the reduced level of allergens observed in cockroaches may be related to lower amounts of total bacteria caused by treatment with antibiotics. It is possible to make a protein extract with few bacteria for use in immunotherapy.</description><subject>Allergens</subject><subject>Allergens - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Allergies</subject><subject>Ampicillin</subject><subject>Ampicillin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Arthropods</subject><subject>Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bioinformatics</subject><subject>Biological products</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blattaria</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Cockroaches</subject><subject>Cockroaches - drug effects</subject><subject>Cockroaches - microbiology</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Discriminant analysis</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Immunological research</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medical schools</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microbiomes</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microbiota - drug effects</subject><subject>Next-generation sequencing</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Ribonucleic acid</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>rRNA 16S</subject><subject>Testing</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUl1rFDEUHUSxtfoPRAOC-LJrviaTeRHa4kehIEjfQyZzZzdLJlmTjOC_b6Y7LbviUy435557z-FU1VuC14Q15PMuTNFrt94HD2tM64YQ_qw6Jy2jK0Exe35Un1WvUtphXDMpxMvqjHFJWN2251X4Bf1koEf7GEqRbfAoDChvAY16FyLSzkHcgE_oymm0QQRp3y81RdbPZc7g5gbEUXtrNNJDhjLqs-1syNagHEHnEXx-Xb0YtEvwZnkvqrtvX--uf6xuf36_ub68XZma8bxqiODAqNS0aQeQPcesE5iIgYlaC65N32LcsW4wnLcGOkIo5X1nOIFadppdVO8PtHsXklqsSooWDl7jRuKCuDkg-qB3ah_tqONfFbRVD40QN0rHcroD1YHRg2k4E8zwoReSikYMbWckb-qGNoXry7Jt6kboTdEZtTshPf3xdqs24Y-SgmD6cMynhSCG3xOkrEabzGyqhzAd7m5lTbgs0A__QP-vbkFtdBFg_RDKXjOTqkshWS2KfTPXxyPUFrTL2xTcNKcgnQL5AWhiSCnC8KSNYDWn8fEINadRLWksY--OfXkaeowfuwfj-Ntj</recordid><startdate>20211123</startdate><enddate>20211123</enddate><creator>Lee, Seogwon</creator><creator>Kim, Ju Yeong</creator><creator>Yi, Myung-Hee</creator><creator>Lee, In-Yong</creator><creator>Yong, Dongeun</creator><creator>Yong, Tai-Soon</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-0769</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211123</creationdate><title>Reduced production of the major allergens Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in Blattella germanica after antibiotic treatment</title><author>Lee, Seogwon ; Kim, Ju Yeong ; Yi, Myung-Hee ; Lee, In-Yong ; Yong, Dongeun ; Yong, Tai-Soon</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c534t-7164e328a279fe8d403b6016f365a64acd900b3bfc449ceb11224dbc41e58ba3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Allergens</topic><topic>Allergens - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Seogwon</au><au>Kim, Ju Yeong</au><au>Yi, Myung-Hee</au><au>Lee, In-Yong</au><au>Yong, Dongeun</au><au>Yong, Tai-Soon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reduced production of the major allergens Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in Blattella germanica after antibiotic treatment</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-11-23</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0257114</spage><epage>e0257114</epage><pages>e0257114-e0257114</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Allergens present in the feces or frass of cockroaches can cause allergic sensitization in humans. The use of fecal and frass extracts for immunotherapy has been previously investigated but has not yet been fully standardized. Here, we treated cockroaches with ampicillin to produce extracts with reduced amounts of total bacteria.
We performed targeted high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA to compare the microbiomes of ampicillin-treated and untreated (control) cockroaches. RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ampicillin-treated cockroaches.
Analysis of the microbiome revealed that alpha diversity was lower in the ampicillin-treated group than in the control group. Beta diversity analysis indicated that ampicillin treatment altered bacterial composition in the microbiome of cockroaches. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that almost all bacteria were removed from ampicillin-treated cockroaches. RNA-seq analysis revealed 1,236 DEGs in ampicillin-treated cockroaches (compared to untreated cockroaches). Unlike bacterial composition, the DEGs varied between the two groups. Among major allergens, the expression of Bla g 2 decreased significantly in ampicillin-treated cockroaches (compared to untreated group).
In this study, the reduced level of allergens observed in cockroaches may be related to lower amounts of total bacteria caused by treatment with antibiotics. It is possible to make a protein extract with few bacteria for use in immunotherapy.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34813599</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0257114</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-0769</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Allergens Allergens - isolation & purification Allergies Ampicillin Ampicillin - pharmacology Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antibiotics Arthropods Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases - isolation & purification Bacteria Bioinformatics Biological products Biology Biology and Life Sciences Blattaria Chemical properties Cockroaches Cockroaches - drug effects Cockroaches - microbiology Composition Discriminant analysis Drug therapy Enzymes Gene expression Immunological research Immunotherapy Laboratories Medical schools Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Microbiomes Microbiota Microbiota - drug effects Next-generation sequencing Physiological aspects Polymerase chain reaction Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Ribonucleic acid RNA rRNA 16S Testing |
| title | Reduced production of the major allergens Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in Blattella germanica after antibiotic treatment |
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