Parents' reasons for nonadherence to referral to follow-up eye care for schoolchildren who failed school-based vision screening in Cross River State, Nigeria-A descriptive qualitative study
Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a major cause of vision impairment in children worldwide. Cases are often detected through a school-based vision screening program and then treated in a follow-up appointment. This requires parents or guardians ('parents') to adhere to referrals for th...
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| description | Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a major cause of vision impairment in children worldwide. Cases are often detected through a school-based vision screening program and then treated in a follow-up appointment. This requires parents or guardians ('parents') to adhere to referrals for the eye exam and care plan. We aim to understand the reasons for parents' referral non-adherence in Cross River State, Nigeria, using qualitative methods.
Ten focus groups were held with parents who had not adhered to the referral for a follow-up eye examination. Participants were recruited with help from staff in schools hosting the vision screening programme. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, audio taped and transcribed verbatim. After identifying relevant quotes, the researchers labelled each one with a descriptive code/subcode label. Then they clustered the data into categories and overarching themes.
Forty-four parents participated in 10 focus group discussions with 28 women and 16 men. Three themes and participated in the focus group discussions with 28 women (63%). Twelve themes were generated. The three megathemes were Modifiable Factors (with 4 themes), Contextual Factors (with 6 themes), and Recommendations (with 2 themes).
Participants identified modifiable barriers that make it difficult for parents to adhere to a referral for a follow-up eye exam. These include not believing their child has a vision problem or the screening test, and issues with the referral letter. They also described important contextual factors such as poverty, logistical problems, parental attitudes towards their children and beliefs about appropriate care. Many of these issues could be addressed by following their recommendation to educate the public on the importance of child eye care and correct parents' misconceptions. These themes will be used by the Nigerian government to enhance and scale up its child eye health programme. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0259309 |
| format | Article |
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Ten focus groups were held with parents who had not adhered to the referral for a follow-up eye examination. Participants were recruited with help from staff in schools hosting the vision screening programme. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, audio taped and transcribed verbatim. After identifying relevant quotes, the researchers labelled each one with a descriptive code/subcode label. Then they clustered the data into categories and overarching themes.
Forty-four parents participated in 10 focus group discussions with 28 women and 16 men. Three themes and participated in the focus group discussions with 28 women (63%). Twelve themes were generated. The three megathemes were Modifiable Factors (with 4 themes), Contextual Factors (with 6 themes), and Recommendations (with 2 themes).
Participants identified modifiable barriers that make it difficult for parents to adhere to a referral for a follow-up eye exam. These include not believing their child has a vision problem or the screening test, and issues with the referral letter. They also described important contextual factors such as poverty, logistical problems, parental attitudes towards their children and beliefs about appropriate care. Many of these issues could be addressed by following their recommendation to educate the public on the importance of child eye care and correct parents' misconceptions. These themes will be used by the Nigerian government to enhance and scale up its child eye health programme.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259309</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34793502</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blindness ; Care and treatment ; Child ; Children ; Children & youth ; Consent ; Dentistry ; Diagnosis ; Elementary school students ; Error analysis ; Evaluation ; Eye ; Eye examinations ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Funding ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Interviews ; Male ; Medical examination ; Medical research ; Medical screening ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria ; Parents ; Parents & parenting ; Parents - psychology ; Patient Compliance ; People and Places ; Poverty ; Public health ; Qualitative Research ; Referral and Consultation ; Refractive Errors - diagnosis ; Refractive Errors - therapy ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rivers ; Schools ; Screening ; Social Sciences ; Vision ; Vision disorders in children ; Vision Screening - methods ; Visual impairment</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0259309</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Lohfeld et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Lohfeld et al 2021 Lohfeld et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b62e30a7904c1f5fa84c06f188d1d23d9f5bffd47d3f1df62aae8046032eeeaa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b62e30a7904c1f5fa84c06f188d1d23d9f5bffd47d3f1df62aae8046032eeeaa3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4711-7305</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601460/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601460/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34793502$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lohfeld, Lynne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graham, Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebri, Anne Effiom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Congdon, Nathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Ving Fai</creatorcontrib><title>Parents' reasons for nonadherence to referral to follow-up eye care for schoolchildren who failed school-based vision screening in Cross River State, Nigeria-A descriptive qualitative study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a major cause of vision impairment in children worldwide. Cases are often detected through a school-based vision screening program and then treated in a follow-up appointment. This requires parents or guardians ('parents') to adhere to referrals for the eye exam and care plan. We aim to understand the reasons for parents' referral non-adherence in Cross River State, Nigeria, using qualitative methods.
Ten focus groups were held with parents who had not adhered to the referral for a follow-up eye examination. Participants were recruited with help from staff in schools hosting the vision screening programme. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, audio taped and transcribed verbatim. After identifying relevant quotes, the researchers labelled each one with a descriptive code/subcode label. Then they clustered the data into categories and overarching themes.
Forty-four parents participated in 10 focus group discussions with 28 women and 16 men. Three themes and participated in the focus group discussions with 28 women (63%). Twelve themes were generated. The three megathemes were Modifiable Factors (with 4 themes), Contextual Factors (with 6 themes), and Recommendations (with 2 themes).
Participants identified modifiable barriers that make it difficult for parents to adhere to a referral for a follow-up eye exam. These include not believing their child has a vision problem or the screening test, and issues with the referral letter. They also described important contextual factors such as poverty, logistical problems, parental attitudes towards their children and beliefs about appropriate care. Many of these issues could be addressed by following their recommendation to educate the public on the importance of child eye care and correct parents' misconceptions. These themes will be used by the Nigerian government to enhance and scale up its child eye health programme.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blindness</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Elementary school students</subject><subject>Error analysis</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Eye</subject><subject>Eye examinations</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Focus Groups</subject><subject>Funding</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interviews</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical examination</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical screening</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health 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reasons for nonadherence to referral to follow-up eye care for schoolchildren who failed school-based vision screening in Cross River State, Nigeria-A descriptive qualitative study</title><author>Lohfeld, Lynne ; Graham, Christine ; Ebri, Anne Effiom ; Congdon, Nathan ; Chan, Ving Fai</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b62e30a7904c1f5fa84c06f188d1d23d9f5bffd47d3f1df62aae8046032eeeaa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Blindness</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Consent</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Elementary school students</topic><topic>Error analysis</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Eye</topic><topic>Eye 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Cases are often detected through a school-based vision screening program and then treated in a follow-up appointment. This requires parents or guardians ('parents') to adhere to referrals for the eye exam and care plan. We aim to understand the reasons for parents' referral non-adherence in Cross River State, Nigeria, using qualitative methods.
Ten focus groups were held with parents who had not adhered to the referral for a follow-up eye examination. Participants were recruited with help from staff in schools hosting the vision screening programme. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, audio taped and transcribed verbatim. After identifying relevant quotes, the researchers labelled each one with a descriptive code/subcode label. Then they clustered the data into categories and overarching themes.
Forty-four parents participated in 10 focus group discussions with 28 women and 16 men. Three themes and participated in the focus group discussions with 28 women (63%). Twelve themes were generated. The three megathemes were Modifiable Factors (with 4 themes), Contextual Factors (with 6 themes), and Recommendations (with 2 themes).
Participants identified modifiable barriers that make it difficult for parents to adhere to a referral for a follow-up eye exam. These include not believing their child has a vision problem or the screening test, and issues with the referral letter. They also described important contextual factors such as poverty, logistical problems, parental attitudes towards their children and beliefs about appropriate care. Many of these issues could be addressed by following their recommendation to educate the public on the importance of child eye care and correct parents' misconceptions. These themes will be used by the Nigerian government to enhance and scale up its child eye health programme.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34793502</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0259309</doi><tpages>e0259309</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-7305</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0259309 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2599054241 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Biology and Life Sciences Blindness Care and treatment Child Children Children & youth Consent Dentistry Diagnosis Elementary school students Error analysis Evaluation Eye Eye examinations Female Focus Groups Funding Health aspects Humans Interviews Male Medical examination Medical research Medical screening Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Nigeria Parents Parents & parenting Parents - psychology Patient Compliance People and Places Poverty Public health Qualitative Research Referral and Consultation Refractive Errors - diagnosis Refractive Errors - therapy Research and Analysis Methods Rivers Schools Screening Social Sciences Vision Vision disorders in children Vision Screening - methods Visual impairment |
| title | Parents' reasons for nonadherence to referral to follow-up eye care for schoolchildren who failed school-based vision screening in Cross River State, Nigeria-A descriptive qualitative study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-09T19%3A49%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Parents'%20reasons%20for%20nonadherence%20to%20referral%20to%20follow-up%20eye%20care%20for%20schoolchildren%20who%20failed%20school-based%20vision%20screening%20in%20Cross%20River%20State,%20Nigeria-A%20descriptive%20qualitative%20study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Lohfeld,%20Lynne&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e0259309&rft.pages=e0259309-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0259309&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA683045831%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2599054241&rft_id=info:pmid/34793502&rft_galeid=A683045831&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_90c5719c5cd24bbcba552d9cf27e732e&rfr_iscdi=true |