Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and biofilm formation in Enterococcus species isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis
This study is designed to discuss the antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and biofilm formation capacity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis in Qena, Egypt. The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing...
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| description | This study is designed to discuss the antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and biofilm formation capacity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis in Qena, Egypt. The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. Overall, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the dominant species recovered from mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test evidenced multidrug resistance of the isolates against the following antimicrobials: oxacillin (89.2.%), followed by vancomycin (75.7%) and linezolid (70.3%). Also, most of these isolates (73%) could form biofilms. For example, 18.9% of Enterococcus strains formed strong biofilm, whereas 32.4% of isolates formed moderate biofilm and 21.6% of isolates formed weak biofilm. The most prevalent resistance genes found in our isolates were blaZ (54%), vanA (40%), ermB (51.4%), tetM (13.5%) and optrA (10.8%). Moreover, asa1 (37.8%), cylA (42.3%), gelE (78.4%), esp (32.4%), EF3314(48.6%) and ace (75.5%) were the most common virulence genes. A significant correlation was found between biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and virulence genes of the isolates. This study highlights several aspects of virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which necessitates continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0259584 |
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The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. Overall, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the dominant species recovered from mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test evidenced multidrug resistance of the isolates against the following antimicrobials: oxacillin (89.2.%), followed by vancomycin (75.7%) and linezolid (70.3%). Also, most of these isolates (73%) could form biofilms. For example, 18.9% of Enterococcus strains formed strong biofilm, whereas 32.4% of isolates formed moderate biofilm and 21.6% of isolates formed weak biofilm. The most prevalent resistance genes found in our isolates were blaZ (54%), vanA (40%), ermB (51.4%), tetM (13.5%) and optrA (10.8%). Moreover, asa1 (37.8%), cylA (42.3%), gelE (78.4%), esp (32.4%), EF3314(48.6%) and ace (75.5%) were the most common virulence genes. A significant correlation was found between biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and virulence genes of the isolates. This study highlights several aspects of virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which necessitates continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259584</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34780540</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Antibiotics ; Antimicrobial agents ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Biofilms ; Biofilms - drug effects ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Dairy industry ; Dominant species ; Drug resistance ; Drug resistance in microorganisms ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus - drug effects ; Enterococcus - genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Goats ; Health aspects ; Inspection ; Investigations ; Linezolid ; Mastitis ; Mastitis - microbiology ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Milk ; Milk - microbiology ; Multidrug resistance ; Nosocomial infections ; Oxacillin ; Pathogens ; Phylogenetics ; Properties ; Public health ; rRNA 16S ; Sequences ; Sheep ; Vancomycin ; Veterinary medicine ; Virulence ; Virulence (Microbiology) ; Virulence - genetics</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0259584-e0259584</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 El-Zamkan, Mohamed. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. Overall, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the dominant species recovered from mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test evidenced multidrug resistance of the isolates against the following antimicrobials: oxacillin (89.2.%), followed by vancomycin (75.7%) and linezolid (70.3%). Also, most of these isolates (73%) could form biofilms. For example, 18.9% of Enterococcus strains formed strong biofilm, whereas 32.4% of isolates formed moderate biofilm and 21.6% of isolates formed weak biofilm. The most prevalent resistance genes found in our isolates were blaZ (54%), vanA (40%), ermB (51.4%), tetM (13.5%) and optrA (10.8%). Moreover, asa1 (37.8%), cylA (42.3%), gelE (78.4%), esp (32.4%), EF3314(48.6%) and ace (75.5%) were the most common virulence genes. 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This study highlights several aspects of virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which necessitates continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Antimicrobial resistance</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Biofilms - drug effects</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Dairy industry</subject><subject>Dominant species</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug resistance in microorganisms</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</subject><subject>Enterococcus</subject><subject>Enterococcus - drug effects</subject><subject>Enterococcus - genetics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Goats</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Inspection</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Linezolid</subject><subject>Mastitis</subject><subject>Mastitis - 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The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. Overall, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the dominant species recovered from mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test evidenced multidrug resistance of the isolates against the following antimicrobials: oxacillin (89.2.%), followed by vancomycin (75.7%) and linezolid (70.3%). Also, most of these isolates (73%) could form biofilms. For example, 18.9% of Enterococcus strains formed strong biofilm, whereas 32.4% of isolates formed moderate biofilm and 21.6% of isolates formed weak biofilm. The most prevalent resistance genes found in our isolates were blaZ (54%), vanA (40%), ermB (51.4%), tetM (13.5%) and optrA (10.8%). Moreover, asa1 (37.8%), cylA (42.3%), gelE (78.4%), esp (32.4%), EF3314(48.6%) and ace (75.5%) were the most common virulence genes. A significant correlation was found between biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and virulence genes of the isolates. This study highlights several aspects of virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which necessitates continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34780540</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0259584</doi><tpages>e0259584</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-3732</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Antimicrobial resistance Biofilms Biofilms - drug effects Biology and Life Sciences Dairy industry Dominant species Drug resistance Drug resistance in microorganisms Drug Resistance, Bacterial Enterococcus Enterococcus - drug effects Enterococcus - genetics Female Genes Goats Health aspects Inspection Investigations Linezolid Mastitis Mastitis - microbiology Medicine and Health Sciences Milk Milk - microbiology Multidrug resistance Nosocomial infections Oxacillin Pathogens Phylogenetics Properties Public health rRNA 16S Sequences Sheep Vancomycin Veterinary medicine Virulence Virulence (Microbiology) Virulence - genetics |
| title | Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and biofilm formation in Enterococcus species isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis |
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