Gendered health, economic, social and safety impact of COVID-19 on adolescents and young adults in Nairobi, Kenya
Infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19 and their mitigation measures can exacerbate underlying gender disparities, particularly among adolescents and young adults in densely populated urban settings. An existing cohort of youth ages 16-26 in Nairobi, Kenya completed a phone-based survey in Augus...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0259583 |
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| creator | Decker, Michele R Wood, Shannon N Thiongo, Mary Byrne, Meagan E Devoto, Bianca Morgan, Rosemary Bevilacqua, Kristin Williams, Anaise Stuart, H Colleen Wamue-Ngare, Grace Heise, Lori Glass, Nancy Anglewicz, Philip Gummerson, Elizabeth Gichangi, Peter |
| description | Infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19 and their mitigation measures can exacerbate underlying gender disparities, particularly among adolescents and young adults in densely populated urban settings.
An existing cohort of youth ages 16-26 in Nairobi, Kenya completed a phone-based survey in August-October 2020 (n = 1217), supplemented by virtual focus group discussions and interviews with youth and stakeholders, to examine economic, health, social, and safety experiences during COVID-19, and gender disparities therein.
COVID-19 risk perception was high with a gender differential favoring young women (95.5% vs. 84.2%; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0259583 |
| format | Article |
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An existing cohort of youth ages 16-26 in Nairobi, Kenya completed a phone-based survey in August-October 2020 (n = 1217), supplemented by virtual focus group discussions and interviews with youth and stakeholders, to examine economic, health, social, and safety experiences during COVID-19, and gender disparities therein.
COVID-19 risk perception was high with a gender differential favoring young women (95.5% vs. 84.2%; p<0.001); youth described mixed concern and challenges to prevention. During COVID-19, gender symmetry was observed in constrained access to contraception among contraceptive users (40.4% men; 34.6% women) and depressive symptoms (21.8% men; 24.3% women). Gender disparities rendered young women disproportionately unable to meet basic economic needs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.21; p<0.05) and in need of healthcare during the pandemic (aOR = 1.59; p<0.001). At a bivariate level, women had lower full decisional control to leave the house (40.0% vs. 53.2%) and less consistent access to safe, private internet (26.1% vs. 40.2%), while men disproportionately experienced police interactions (60.1%, 55.2% of which included extortion). Gender-specific concerns for women included menstrual hygiene access challenges (52.0%), increased reliance on transactional partnerships, and gender-based violence, with 17.3% reporting past-year partner violence and 3.0% non-partner sexual violence. Qualitative results contextualize the mental health impact of economic disruption and isolation, and, among young women, privacy constraints.
Youth and young adults face gendered impacts of COVID-19, reflecting both underlying disparities and the pandemic's economic and social shock. Economic, health and technology-based supports must ensure equitable access for young women. Gender-responsive recovery efforts are necessary and must address the unique needs of youth.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259583</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34752473</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Access ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Adults ; Aggression ; Birth control ; Bivariate analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Constraints ; Contraception ; Contraception - methods ; Contraception Behavior - statistics & numerical data ; Contraceptives ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data collection ; Demographic aspects ; Domestic violence ; Economic aspects ; Economics ; Female ; Gender ; Gender differences ; Gender equality ; Gender relations ; Gender-based violence ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Health risks ; Health services ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Impact analysis ; Infectious diseases ; Kenya - epidemiology ; Male ; Medical technology ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Men ; Menstruation ; Menstruation - physiology ; Mental depression ; Mental health ; Methods ; Mitigation ; Pandemics ; Pandemics - prevention & control ; People and Places ; Police ; Police community relations ; Population ; Population density ; Power ; Privacy ; Public health ; Reproductive health ; Risk perception ; Safety ; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity ; Sex crimes ; Sexual assault ; Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data ; Signs and symptoms ; Social aspects ; Social Sciences ; Teenagers ; Urban areas ; Urban environments ; Urban Population ; Violence ; Viral diseases ; Women ; Young Adult ; Young adults ; Young women ; Youth</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0259583</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Decker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Decker et al 2021 Decker et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-15bf4e1ca116a2576eb64f67467d5c40a23e77a3729c865a3feb6b7cea21b1b53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-15bf4e1ca116a2576eb64f67467d5c40a23e77a3729c865a3feb6b7cea21b1b53</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5825-4597 ; 0000-0002-3260-3733 ; 0000-0001-5969-5052</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577767/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577767/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27321,27901,27902,33751,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34752473$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Decker, Michele R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, Shannon N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiongo, Mary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byrne, Meagan E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Devoto, Bianca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morgan, Rosemary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bevilacqua, Kristin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Anaise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuart, H Colleen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wamue-Ngare, Grace</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heise, Lori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glass, Nancy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anglewicz, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gummerson, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gichangi, Peter</creatorcontrib><title>Gendered health, economic, social and safety impact of COVID-19 on adolescents and young adults in Nairobi, Kenya</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19 and their mitigation measures can exacerbate underlying gender disparities, particularly among adolescents and young adults in densely populated urban settings.
An existing cohort of youth ages 16-26 in Nairobi, Kenya completed a phone-based survey in August-October 2020 (n = 1217), supplemented by virtual focus group discussions and interviews with youth and stakeholders, to examine economic, health, social, and safety experiences during COVID-19, and gender disparities therein.
COVID-19 risk perception was high with a gender differential favoring young women (95.5% vs. 84.2%; p<0.001); youth described mixed concern and challenges to prevention. During COVID-19, gender symmetry was observed in constrained access to contraception among contraceptive users (40.4% men; 34.6% women) and depressive symptoms (21.8% men; 24.3% women). Gender disparities rendered young women disproportionately unable to meet basic economic needs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.21; p<0.05) and in need of healthcare during the pandemic (aOR = 1.59; p<0.001). At a bivariate level, women had lower full decisional control to leave the house (40.0% vs. 53.2%) and less consistent access to safe, private internet (26.1% vs. 40.2%), while men disproportionately experienced police interactions (60.1%, 55.2% of which included extortion). Gender-specific concerns for women included menstrual hygiene access challenges (52.0%), increased reliance on transactional partnerships, and gender-based violence, with 17.3% reporting past-year partner violence and 3.0% non-partner sexual violence. Qualitative results contextualize the mental health impact of economic disruption and isolation, and, among young women, privacy constraints.
Youth and young adults face gendered impacts of COVID-19, reflecting both underlying disparities and the pandemic's economic and social shock. Economic, health and technology-based supports must ensure equitable access for young women. Gender-responsive recovery efforts are necessary and must address the unique needs of youth.</description><subject>Access</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aggression</subject><subject>Birth control</subject><subject>Bivariate analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Constraints</subject><subject>Contraception</subject><subject>Contraception - methods</subject><subject>Contraception Behavior - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Contraceptives</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Domestic violence</subject><subject>Economic aspects</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Gender equality</subject><subject>Gender relations</subject><subject>Gender-based violence</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Impact analysis</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Kenya - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical technology</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Menstruation</subject><subject>Menstruation - physiology</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Mitigation</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pandemics - prevention & control</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Police</subject><subject>Police community relations</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population density</subject><subject>Power</subject><subject>Privacy</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Reproductive health</subject><subject>Risk perception</subject><subject>Safety</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Sex crimes</subject><subject>Sexual assault</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Signs and symptoms</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Urban environments</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><subject>Violence</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><subject>Young 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health, economic, social and safety impact of COVID-19 on adolescents and young adults in Nairobi, Kenya</title><author>Decker, Michele R ; Wood, Shannon N ; Thiongo, Mary ; Byrne, Meagan E ; Devoto, Bianca ; Morgan, Rosemary ; Bevilacqua, Kristin ; Williams, Anaise ; Stuart, H Colleen ; Wamue-Ngare, Grace ; Heise, Lori ; Glass, Nancy ; Anglewicz, Philip ; Gummerson, Elizabeth ; Gichangi, Peter</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-15bf4e1ca116a2576eb64f67467d5c40a23e77a3729c865a3feb6b7cea21b1b53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Access</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aggression</topic><topic>Birth control</topic><topic>Bivariate analysis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Constraints</topic><topic>Contraception</topic><topic>Contraception - 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Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Decker, Michele R</au><au>Wood, Shannon N</au><au>Thiongo, Mary</au><au>Byrne, Meagan E</au><au>Devoto, Bianca</au><au>Morgan, Rosemary</au><au>Bevilacqua, Kristin</au><au>Williams, Anaise</au><au>Stuart, H Colleen</au><au>Wamue-Ngare, Grace</au><au>Heise, Lori</au><au>Glass, Nancy</au><au>Anglewicz, Philip</au><au>Gummerson, Elizabeth</au><au>Gichangi, Peter</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Gendered health, economic, social and safety impact of COVID-19 on adolescents and young adults in Nairobi, Kenya</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-11-09</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0259583</spage><pages>e0259583-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19 and their mitigation measures can exacerbate underlying gender disparities, particularly among adolescents and young adults in densely populated urban settings.
An existing cohort of youth ages 16-26 in Nairobi, Kenya completed a phone-based survey in August-October 2020 (n = 1217), supplemented by virtual focus group discussions and interviews with youth and stakeholders, to examine economic, health, social, and safety experiences during COVID-19, and gender disparities therein.
COVID-19 risk perception was high with a gender differential favoring young women (95.5% vs. 84.2%; p<0.001); youth described mixed concern and challenges to prevention. During COVID-19, gender symmetry was observed in constrained access to contraception among contraceptive users (40.4% men; 34.6% women) and depressive symptoms (21.8% men; 24.3% women). Gender disparities rendered young women disproportionately unable to meet basic economic needs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.21; p<0.05) and in need of healthcare during the pandemic (aOR = 1.59; p<0.001). At a bivariate level, women had lower full decisional control to leave the house (40.0% vs. 53.2%) and less consistent access to safe, private internet (26.1% vs. 40.2%), while men disproportionately experienced police interactions (60.1%, 55.2% of which included extortion). Gender-specific concerns for women included menstrual hygiene access challenges (52.0%), increased reliance on transactional partnerships, and gender-based violence, with 17.3% reporting past-year partner violence and 3.0% non-partner sexual violence. Qualitative results contextualize the mental health impact of economic disruption and isolation, and, among young women, privacy constraints.
Youth and young adults face gendered impacts of COVID-19, reflecting both underlying disparities and the pandemic's economic and social shock. Economic, health and technology-based supports must ensure equitable access for young women. Gender-responsive recovery efforts are necessary and must address the unique needs of youth.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34752473</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0259583</doi><tpages>e0259583</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-4597</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3260-3733</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5969-5052</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0259583 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2595529470 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Sociological Abstracts |
| subjects | Access Adolescent Adolescents Adult Adults Aggression Birth control Bivariate analysis Cohort Studies Constraints Contraception Contraception - methods Contraception Behavior - statistics & numerical data Contraceptives Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - prevention & control Cross-Sectional Studies Data collection Demographic aspects Domestic violence Economic aspects Economics Female Gender Gender differences Gender equality Gender relations Gender-based violence Health aspects Health care Health risks Health services Humans Hygiene Impact analysis Infectious diseases Kenya - epidemiology Male Medical technology Medicine and Health Sciences Men Menstruation Menstruation - physiology Mental depression Mental health Methods Mitigation Pandemics Pandemics - prevention & control People and Places Police Police community relations Population Population density Power Privacy Public health Reproductive health Risk perception Safety SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity Sex crimes Sexual assault Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data Signs and symptoms Social aspects Social Sciences Teenagers Urban areas Urban environments Urban Population Violence Viral diseases Women Young Adult Young adults Young women Youth |
| title | Gendered health, economic, social and safety impact of COVID-19 on adolescents and young adults in Nairobi, Kenya |
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