Did you see it? A Python tool for psychophysical assessment of the human blind spot
The blind spot is a region in the temporal monocular visual field in humans, which corresponds to a physiological scotoma within the nasal hemi-retina. This region has no photoreceptors, so is insensitive to visual stimulation. There is no corresponding perceptual scotoma because the visual stimulat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0254195-e0254195 |
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| creator | Ling, Xiao Silson, Edward H McIntosh, Robert D |
| description | The blind spot is a region in the temporal monocular visual field in humans, which corresponds to a physiological scotoma within the nasal hemi-retina. This region has no photoreceptors, so is insensitive to visual stimulation. There is no corresponding perceptual scotoma because the visual stimulation is "filled-in" by the visual system. Investigations of visual perception in and around the blind spot allow us to investigate this filling-in process. However, because the location and size of the blind spot are individually variable, experimenters must first map the blind spot in every observer. We present an open-source tool, which runs in Psychopy software, to estimate the location and size of the blind spot psychophysically. The tool will ideally be used with an Eyelink eye-tracker (SR Research), but it can also run in standalone mode. Here, we explain the rationale for the tool and demonstrate its validity in normally-sighted observers. We develop a detailed map of the blind spot in one observer. Then, in a group of 12 observers, we propose a more efficient, pragmatic method to define a "safe zone" within the blind spot, for which the experimenter can be fully confident that visual stimuli will not be seen. Links are provided to this open-source tool and a user manual. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0254195 |
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A Python tool for psychophysical assessment of the human blind spot</title><source>PLoS</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access)</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><creator>Ling, Xiao ; Silson, Edward H ; McIntosh, Robert D</creator><contributor>Swindale, Nicholas V</contributor><creatorcontrib>Ling, Xiao ; Silson, Edward H ; McIntosh, Robert D ; Swindale, Nicholas V</creatorcontrib><description>The blind spot is a region in the temporal monocular visual field in humans, which corresponds to a physiological scotoma within the nasal hemi-retina. This region has no photoreceptors, so is insensitive to visual stimulation. There is no corresponding perceptual scotoma because the visual stimulation is "filled-in" by the visual system. Investigations of visual perception in and around the blind spot allow us to investigate this filling-in process. However, because the location and size of the blind spot are individually variable, experimenters must first map the blind spot in every observer. We present an open-source tool, which runs in Psychopy software, to estimate the location and size of the blind spot psychophysically. The tool will ideally be used with an Eyelink eye-tracker (SR Research), but it can also run in standalone mode. Here, we explain the rationale for the tool and demonstrate its validity in normally-sighted observers. We develop a detailed map of the blind spot in one observer. Then, in a group of 12 observers, we propose a more efficient, pragmatic method to define a "safe zone" within the blind spot, for which the experimenter can be fully confident that visual stimuli will not be seen. Links are provided to this open-source tool and a user manual.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254195</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34735455</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Estimates ; Evaluation ; Experiments ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medical examination ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Observers ; Optic disc ; Optic Disk ; Philosophy ; Photoreceptors ; Physical Sciences ; Physiology ; Programming Languages ; Psychophysics ; Psychophysiology ; Quantitative psychology ; Retina ; Social Sciences ; Source code ; Stimulation ; Vision, Monocular ; Visual field ; Visual fields ; Visual Perception ; Visual stimuli ; Visual system</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0254195-e0254195</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Ling et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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A Python tool for psychophysical assessment of the human blind spot</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The blind spot is a region in the temporal monocular visual field in humans, which corresponds to a physiological scotoma within the nasal hemi-retina. This region has no photoreceptors, so is insensitive to visual stimulation. There is no corresponding perceptual scotoma because the visual stimulation is "filled-in" by the visual system. Investigations of visual perception in and around the blind spot allow us to investigate this filling-in process. However, because the location and size of the blind spot are individually variable, experimenters must first map the blind spot in every observer. We present an open-source tool, which runs in Psychopy software, to estimate the location and size of the blind spot psychophysically. The tool will ideally be used with an Eyelink eye-tracker (SR Research), but it can also run in standalone mode. Here, we explain the rationale for the tool and demonstrate its validity in normally-sighted observers. We develop a detailed map of the blind spot in one observer. Then, in a group of 12 observers, we propose a more efficient, pragmatic method to define a "safe zone" within the blind spot, for which the experimenter can be fully confident that visual stimuli will not be seen. 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| subjects | Adult Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Estimates Evaluation Experiments Female Humans Male Medical examination Medicine and Health Sciences Observers Optic disc Optic Disk Philosophy Photoreceptors Physical Sciences Physiology Programming Languages Psychophysics Psychophysiology Quantitative psychology Retina Social Sciences Source code Stimulation Vision, Monocular Visual field Visual fields Visual Perception Visual stimuli Visual system |
| title | Did you see it? A Python tool for psychophysical assessment of the human blind spot |
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