Phenoloxidase activity and organic carbon dynamics in historic Anthrosols in Scotland, UK

Phenolic compounds are chemical precursor building blocks of soil organic matter. Their occurrence can be inhibitory to certain enzymes present in soil, thereby influencing the rate of decomposition of soil organic matter. Microbe-derived phenoloxidases (laccases) are extracellular enzymes capable o...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0259205-e0259205
Hauptverfasser: Esiana, Benneth O. I, Coates, Christopher J, Adderley, W. Paul, Berns, Anne E, Bol, Roland
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Coates, Christopher J
Adderley, W. Paul
Berns, Anne E
Bol, Roland
description Phenolic compounds are chemical precursor building blocks of soil organic matter. Their occurrence can be inhibitory to certain enzymes present in soil, thereby influencing the rate of decomposition of soil organic matter. Microbe-derived phenoloxidases (laccases) are extracellular enzymes capable of degrading recalcitrant polyphenolic compounds. In this study, our aim was to investigate the relationships between phenoloxidase enzyme activity, organic carbon content and microbial abundance in the context of long-term anthropogenically amended soils. To achieve this, we used a series of complementary biochemical analytical methods including gas chromatography, enzyme assays and solid-state Carbon-13 Cross Polarisation Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (.sup.13 C CPMAS NMR). Using several anthrosols found in St Andrews (Scotland, UK) that had been subjected to intense anthropogenic modification since the medieval period (11.sup.th century AD) to present-day, we were able to scope the impact of past waste disposal on soils. The long-term anthropogenic impact led to organic matter-rich soils. Overall, phenoloxidase activity increased by up to 2-fold with soil depth (up to 100 cm) and was inversely correlated with microbial biomass. Solid-state .sup.13 C NMR characterisation of carbon species revealed that the observed decline in soil organic matter with depth corresponded to decreases in the labile organic carbon fractions as evidenced by changes in the O/N-alkyl C region of the spectra. The increase in phenoloxidase activity with depth would appear to be a compensatory mechanism for the reduced quantities of organic carbon and lower overall nutrient environment in subsoils. By enzymatically targeting phenolic compounds, microbes can better utilise recalcitrant carbon when other labile soil carbon sources become limited, thereby maintaining metabolic processes.
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subjects Analytical methods
Anthropogenic factors
Biology and Life Sciences
By products
Carbon
Carbon 13
Carbon content
Carbon sources
Chemical compounds
Cross polarization
Decomposition
Earth Sciences
Environmental science
Enzymatic activity
Enzyme activity
Enzymes
Extracellular enzymes
Free radicals
Gas chromatography
Human influences
Magnetic resonance
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Medieval period
Metabolism
Microorganisms
NMR
NMR spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Organic carbon
Organic matter
Organic soils
Phenolic compounds
Phenoloxidase
Phenols
Physical Sciences
Polyphenols
Population decline
Properties
Research and analysis methods
Social Sciences
Soil amendment
Soil depth
Soil organic matter
Soils
Solid state
Spectroscopy
Subsoils
Urban areas
Waste disposal
Waste materials
title Phenoloxidase activity and organic carbon dynamics in historic Anthrosols in Scotland, UK
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