Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars
Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravi...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0252001-e0252001 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0252001 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 10 |
| container_start_page | e0252001 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 16 |
| creator | Montesinos, Álvaro Dardick, Chris Rubio-Cabetas, María José Grimplet, Jérôme |
| description | Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0252001 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2581754756</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A679440101</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_728b0345151e40d0bff90924acad1314</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A679440101</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-7a5febdcfed253d028c9e2aa5e796ccfaf8edb7970c05c8d6dae09fc4ecbdb133</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk99qFDEUxgdRbF19A8GAIHqxazKZvzdCKVoXChWt3oYzyZmdLJnJmmRq9zF8YzPtVLrSC6-SnPy-LzknOUnyktEV4yV7v7WjG8CsdnbAFU3zlFL2KDlmNU-XRUr543vzo-SZ91tKc14VxdPkiGdFlqV1fZz8_mLNvrdu12nfewKDIhsckOD1zqH32g5EDyR0SMD0Nu6uzy5JC702ewIOyWADkdY5NBBQkWDJFTgNjTY67CfpxtlfoSNdDIVp3cPWuijpe3RSg7nzlaMJOmr98-RJC8bji3lcJN8_fbw8_bw8vzhbn56cL2VR1GFZQt5io2SLKs25omkla0wBcizrQsoW2gpVU9YllTSXlSoUIK1bmaFsVMM4XySvbn13xnoxV9OLNK9YmWdlXkRifUsoC1uxc7oHtxcWtLgJWLcR4IKWBkWZVg3lWc5yhhlVtGnbmtZpBhIU4yyLXh_m08amRyVxCA7MgenhzqA7sbFXosoZr6rpum9nA2d_juiD6LWXaAwMaMebe6eM8Tq-8SJ5_Q_6cHYztYGYgB5aG8-Vk6k4Kco6yyijLFKrB6gpLey1jF-v1TF-IHh3IIhMwOuwgdF7sf729f_Zix-H7Jt7bIdgQuetGUP8ov4QzG5B6az3Dtu_RWZUTJ1zVw0xdY6YO4f_AS8PDWU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2581754756</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Montesinos, Álvaro ; Dardick, Chris ; Rubio-Cabetas, María José ; Grimplet, Jérôme</creator><contributor>Amancio, Sara</contributor><creatorcontrib>Montesinos, Álvaro ; Dardick, Chris ; Rubio-Cabetas, María José ; Grimplet, Jérôme ; Amancio, Sara</creatorcontrib><description>Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34644299</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Almond ; Analysis ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Commercialization ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Conservation ; Cultivars ; Fruit trees ; Gene expression ; Gene families ; Gene polymorphism ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic polymorphisms ; Genomes ; Gravitropism ; Growing season ; Homology ; Light effects ; Maximum likelihood method ; Optimization ; Orchards ; Phenotypes ; Physiology ; Plant breeding ; Plant species ; Polygenic inheritance ; Polymorphism ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rice ; Social Sciences ; Species ; Transcription factors ; Trees ; Variability</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0252001-e0252001</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-7a5febdcfed253d028c9e2aa5e796ccfaf8edb7970c05c8d6dae09fc4ecbdb133</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-7a5febdcfed253d028c9e2aa5e796ccfaf8edb7970c05c8d6dae09fc4ecbdb133</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2387-0135 ; 0000-0002-3265-4012</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8513883/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8513883/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,862,883,2098,2917,23849,27907,27908,53774,53776,79351,79352</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Amancio, Sara</contributor><creatorcontrib>Montesinos, Álvaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dardick, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rubio-Cabetas, María José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grimplet, Jérôme</creatorcontrib><title>Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars</title><title>PloS one</title><description>Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits.</description><subject>Almond</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Arabidopsis thaliana</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Commercialization</subject><subject>Computer and Information Sciences</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Fruit trees</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene families</subject><subject>Gene polymorphism</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic polymorphisms</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Gravitropism</subject><subject>Growing season</subject><subject>Homology</subject><subject>Light effects</subject><subject>Maximum likelihood method</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Orchards</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant breeding</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Polygenic inheritance</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Rice</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Variability</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk99qFDEUxgdRbF19A8GAIHqxazKZvzdCKVoXChWt3oYzyZmdLJnJmmRq9zF8YzPtVLrSC6-SnPy-LzknOUnyktEV4yV7v7WjG8CsdnbAFU3zlFL2KDlmNU-XRUr543vzo-SZ91tKc14VxdPkiGdFlqV1fZz8_mLNvrdu12nfewKDIhsckOD1zqH32g5EDyR0SMD0Nu6uzy5JC702ewIOyWADkdY5NBBQkWDJFTgNjTY67CfpxtlfoSNdDIVp3cPWuijpe3RSg7nzlaMJOmr98-RJC8bji3lcJN8_fbw8_bw8vzhbn56cL2VR1GFZQt5io2SLKs25omkla0wBcizrQsoW2gpVU9YllTSXlSoUIK1bmaFsVMM4XySvbn13xnoxV9OLNK9YmWdlXkRifUsoC1uxc7oHtxcWtLgJWLcR4IKWBkWZVg3lWc5yhhlVtGnbmtZpBhIU4yyLXh_m08amRyVxCA7MgenhzqA7sbFXosoZr6rpum9nA2d_juiD6LWXaAwMaMebe6eM8Tq-8SJ5_Q_6cHYztYGYgB5aG8-Vk6k4Kco6yyijLFKrB6gpLey1jF-v1TF-IHh3IIhMwOuwgdF7sf729f_Zix-H7Jt7bIdgQuetGUP8ov4QzG5B6az3Dtu_RWZUTJ1zVw0xdY6YO4f_AS8PDWU</recordid><startdate>20211013</startdate><enddate>20211013</enddate><creator>Montesinos, Álvaro</creator><creator>Dardick, Chris</creator><creator>Rubio-Cabetas, María José</creator><creator>Grimplet, Jérôme</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-0135</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3265-4012</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211013</creationdate><title>Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars</title><author>Montesinos, Álvaro ; Dardick, Chris ; Rubio-Cabetas, María José ; Grimplet, Jérôme</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-7a5febdcfed253d028c9e2aa5e796ccfaf8edb7970c05c8d6dae09fc4ecbdb133</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Almond</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Arabidopsis thaliana</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Commercialization</topic><topic>Computer and Information Sciences</topic><topic>Conservation</topic><topic>Cultivars</topic><topic>Fruit trees</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene families</topic><topic>Gene polymorphism</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic polymorphisms</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Gravitropism</topic><topic>Growing season</topic><topic>Homology</topic><topic>Light effects</topic><topic>Maximum likelihood method</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Orchards</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Plant breeding</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>Polygenic inheritance</topic><topic>Polymorphism</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Rice</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Transcription factors</topic><topic>Trees</topic><topic>Variability</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Montesinos, Álvaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dardick, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rubio-Cabetas, María José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grimplet, Jérôme</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Montesinos, Álvaro</au><au>Dardick, Chris</au><au>Rubio-Cabetas, María José</au><au>Grimplet, Jérôme</au><au>Amancio, Sara</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2021-10-13</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0252001</spage><epage>e0252001</epage><pages>e0252001-e0252001</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34644299</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0252001</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-0135</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3265-4012</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0252001-e0252001 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2581754756 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Almond Analysis Arabidopsis thaliana Biology and Life Sciences Commercialization Computer and Information Sciences Conservation Cultivars Fruit trees Gene expression Gene families Gene polymorphism Genes Genetic aspects Genetic polymorphisms Genomes Gravitropism Growing season Homology Light effects Maximum likelihood method Optimization Orchards Phenotypes Physiology Plant breeding Plant species Polygenic inheritance Polymorphism Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Rice Social Sciences Species Transcription factors Trees Variability |
| title | Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-17T05%3A20%3A25IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Polymorphisms%20and%20gene%20expression%20in%20the%20almond%20IGT%20family%20are%20not%20correlated%20to%20variability%20in%20growth%20habit%20in%20major%20commercial%20almond%20cultivars&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Montesinos,%20%C3%81lvaro&rft.date=2021-10-13&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e0252001&rft.epage=e0252001&rft.pages=e0252001-e0252001&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0252001&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA679440101%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2581754756&rft_id=info:pmid/34644299&rft_galeid=A679440101&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_728b0345151e40d0bff90924acad1314&rfr_iscdi=true |