Cognitive & motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study

We examined the detailed behavioral characteristics of transfer of skill and the ability of the adaptive control of thought rational (ACT-R) architecture to account for this with its new Controller module. We employed a simple action video game called Auto Orbit and investigated the control tuning o...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0258242-e0258242
Hauptverfasser: Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni, Betts, Shawn, Anderson, John Robert
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page e0258242
container_issue 10
container_start_page e0258242
container_title PloS one
container_volume 16
creator Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni
Betts, Shawn
Anderson, John Robert
description We examined the detailed behavioral characteristics of transfer of skill and the ability of the adaptive control of thought rational (ACT-R) architecture to account for this with its new Controller module. We employed a simple action video game called Auto Orbit and investigated the control tuning of timing skills across speed perturbations of the environment. In Auto Orbit, players needed to learn to alternate turn and shot actions to blow and burst balloons under time constraints imposed by balloon resets and deflations. Cognitive and motor skill transfer was assessed both in terms of game performance and in terms of the details of their motor actions. We found that skill transfer across speeds necessitated the recalibration of action timing skills. In addition, we found that acquiring skill in Auto Orbit involved a progressive decrease in variability of behavior. Finally, we found that players with higher skill levels tended to be less variable in terms of action chunking and action timing. These findings further shed light on the complex cognitive and motor mechanisms of skill transfer across speeds in complex task environments.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0258242
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2581234551</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A678777830</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_c4ffcc341d5b41139b6653c891c20342</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A678777830</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c653t-5ebdf4eefacdc0fcacfbb17fa5c435bc6cbed93516173fc277e7234bfab99ad13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkl1r2zAUhs3YWLtu_2BshkHZLpJZlmTZuxikYR-BQmFft0KWjxxlipVKcmj__eTGLfHYxa4kpOe857yHN0leomyOMEPvN7Z3nTDzne1gnuW0zEn-KDlFFc5nRZ7hx0f3k-SZ95sso7gsiqfJCSYFZqTITpOLpW07HfQe0vN0a4N1qf-tjUmDE51X4FIhnfU-9TuAxn9IF-leN2DTVmwh9aFvbp8nT5QwHl6M51ny8_OnH8uvs8urL6vl4nImC4rDjELdKAKghGxkpqSQqq4RU4JKgmktC1lDU2GKCsSwkjljwHJMaiXqqhINwmfJ64PuzljPR_ueR-cocpQOxOpANFZs-M7prXC33ArN7x6sa7lwQUsDXBKlpMQENbQmCOGqLuKUsqyQjPsiedT6OHbr6y00Erq4ETMRnf50es1bu-clzaqKkSjwdhRw9roHH_hWewnGiA5sf5i7zGlFBvTNX-i_3Y1UK6IB3Skb-8pBlC8KVjLGSpxF6t2EkrYLcBNa0XvPV9-__T979WvKnh-xaxAmrL01fdC281OQHMC73DhQDztDGR-Se2-OD8nlY3Jj2avjfT8U3UcV_wHaROlJ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2581234551</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Cognitive &amp; motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><creator>Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni ; Betts, Shawn ; Anderson, John Robert</creator><creatorcontrib>Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni ; Betts, Shawn ; Anderson, John Robert</creatorcontrib><description>We examined the detailed behavioral characteristics of transfer of skill and the ability of the adaptive control of thought rational (ACT-R) architecture to account for this with its new Controller module. We employed a simple action video game called Auto Orbit and investigated the control tuning of timing skills across speed perturbations of the environment. In Auto Orbit, players needed to learn to alternate turn and shot actions to blow and burst balloons under time constraints imposed by balloon resets and deflations. Cognitive and motor skill transfer was assessed both in terms of game performance and in terms of the details of their motor actions. We found that skill transfer across speeds necessitated the recalibration of action timing skills. In addition, we found that acquiring skill in Auto Orbit involved a progressive decrease in variability of behavior. Finally, we found that players with higher skill levels tended to be less variable in terms of action chunking and action timing. These findings further shed light on the complex cognitive and motor mechanisms of skill transfer across speeds in complex task environments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258242</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34637460</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptive control ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Balloons ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cognition &amp; reasoning ; Cognition - physiology ; Cognitive ability ; Computer &amp; video games ; Engineering and Technology ; Experimental psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality ; Linear Models ; Male ; Methods ; Motor skill ; Motor Skills - physiology ; Perceptual-motor learning ; Perturbation ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Problem solving ; Psychological aspects ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Skills ; Social Sciences ; Text editing ; Video Games ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0258242-e0258242</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Gianferrara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Gianferrara et al 2021 Gianferrara et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c653t-5ebdf4eefacdc0fcacfbb17fa5c435bc6cbed93516173fc277e7234bfab99ad13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c653t-5ebdf4eefacdc0fcacfbb17fa5c435bc6cbed93516173fc277e7234bfab99ad13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0985-6791</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8509974/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8509974/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34637460$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Betts, Shawn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson, John Robert</creatorcontrib><title>Cognitive &amp; motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>We examined the detailed behavioral characteristics of transfer of skill and the ability of the adaptive control of thought rational (ACT-R) architecture to account for this with its new Controller module. We employed a simple action video game called Auto Orbit and investigated the control tuning of timing skills across speed perturbations of the environment. In Auto Orbit, players needed to learn to alternate turn and shot actions to blow and burst balloons under time constraints imposed by balloon resets and deflations. Cognitive and motor skill transfer was assessed both in terms of game performance and in terms of the details of their motor actions. We found that skill transfer across speeds necessitated the recalibration of action timing skills. In addition, we found that acquiring skill in Auto Orbit involved a progressive decrease in variability of behavior. Finally, we found that players with higher skill levels tended to be less variable in terms of action chunking and action timing. These findings further shed light on the complex cognitive and motor mechanisms of skill transfer across speeds in complex task environments.</description><subject>Adaptive control</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Balloons</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cognition &amp; reasoning</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Computer &amp; video games</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Experimental psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Individuality</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Motor skill</subject><subject>Motor Skills - physiology</subject><subject>Perceptual-motor learning</subject><subject>Perturbation</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Problem solving</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Skills</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Text editing</subject><subject>Video Games</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl1r2zAUhs3YWLtu_2BshkHZLpJZlmTZuxikYR-BQmFft0KWjxxlipVKcmj__eTGLfHYxa4kpOe857yHN0leomyOMEPvN7Z3nTDzne1gnuW0zEn-KDlFFc5nRZ7hx0f3k-SZ95sso7gsiqfJCSYFZqTITpOLpW07HfQe0vN0a4N1qf-tjUmDE51X4FIhnfU-9TuAxn9IF-leN2DTVmwh9aFvbp8nT5QwHl6M51ny8_OnH8uvs8urL6vl4nImC4rDjELdKAKghGxkpqSQqq4RU4JKgmktC1lDU2GKCsSwkjljwHJMaiXqqhINwmfJ64PuzljPR_ueR-cocpQOxOpANFZs-M7prXC33ArN7x6sa7lwQUsDXBKlpMQENbQmCOGqLuKUsqyQjPsiedT6OHbr6y00Erq4ETMRnf50es1bu-clzaqKkSjwdhRw9roHH_hWewnGiA5sf5i7zGlFBvTNX-i_3Y1UK6IB3Skb-8pBlC8KVjLGSpxF6t2EkrYLcBNa0XvPV9-__T979WvKnh-xaxAmrL01fdC281OQHMC73DhQDztDGR-Se2-OD8nlY3Jj2avjfT8U3UcV_wHaROlJ</recordid><startdate>20211012</startdate><enddate>20211012</enddate><creator>Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni</creator><creator>Betts, Shawn</creator><creator>Anderson, John Robert</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-6791</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211012</creationdate><title>Cognitive &amp; motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study</title><author>Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni ; Betts, Shawn ; Anderson, John Robert</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c653t-5ebdf4eefacdc0fcacfbb17fa5c435bc6cbed93516173fc277e7234bfab99ad13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adaptive control</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Balloons</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cognition &amp; reasoning</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Computer &amp; video games</topic><topic>Engineering and Technology</topic><topic>Experimental psychology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Individuality</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Motor skill</topic><topic>Motor Skills - physiology</topic><topic>Perceptual-motor learning</topic><topic>Perturbation</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Problem solving</topic><topic>Psychological aspects</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Skills</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Text editing</topic><topic>Video Games</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Betts, Shawn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson, John Robert</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Research Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Health &amp; Nursing</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Applied &amp; Life Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni</au><au>Betts, Shawn</au><au>Anderson, John Robert</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cognitive &amp; motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-10-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0258242</spage><epage>e0258242</epage><pages>e0258242-e0258242</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>We examined the detailed behavioral characteristics of transfer of skill and the ability of the adaptive control of thought rational (ACT-R) architecture to account for this with its new Controller module. We employed a simple action video game called Auto Orbit and investigated the control tuning of timing skills across speed perturbations of the environment. In Auto Orbit, players needed to learn to alternate turn and shot actions to blow and burst balloons under time constraints imposed by balloon resets and deflations. Cognitive and motor skill transfer was assessed both in terms of game performance and in terms of the details of their motor actions. We found that skill transfer across speeds necessitated the recalibration of action timing skills. In addition, we found that acquiring skill in Auto Orbit involved a progressive decrease in variability of behavior. Finally, we found that players with higher skill levels tended to be less variable in terms of action chunking and action timing. These findings further shed light on the complex cognitive and motor mechanisms of skill transfer across speeds in complex task environments.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34637460</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0258242</doi><tpages>e0258242</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-6791</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
ispartof PloS one, 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0258242-e0258242
issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
language eng
recordid cdi_plos_journals_2581234551
source MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
subjects Adaptive control
Adult
Algorithms
Balloons
Biology and Life Sciences
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive ability
Computer & video games
Engineering and Technology
Experimental psychology
Female
Humans
Individuality
Linear Models
Male
Methods
Motor skill
Motor Skills - physiology
Perceptual-motor learning
Perturbation
Physical Sciences
Physiological aspects
Problem solving
Psychological aspects
Research and Analysis Methods
Skills
Social Sciences
Text editing
Video Games
Young Adult
title Cognitive & motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-15T22%3A11%3A46IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cognitive%20&%20motor%20skill%20transfer%20across%20speeds:%20A%20video%20game%20study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Gianferrara,%20Pierre%20Giovanni&rft.date=2021-10-12&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e0258242&rft.epage=e0258242&rft.pages=e0258242-e0258242&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0258242&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA678777830%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2581234551&rft_id=info:pmid/34637460&rft_galeid=A678777830&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_c4ffcc341d5b41139b6653c891c20342&rfr_iscdi=true