Influence of smoking and other cardiovascular risk factors on heart rate circadian rhythm in normotensive and hypertensive subjects
Circadian heart rate (HR) is influenced by hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors particularly smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia. Until now, to evaluate the HR changes due to presence of these risk factors, a single HR office measure or a mean evaluated on day time or night time or 24h w...
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| description | Circadian heart rate (HR) is influenced by hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors particularly smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia. Until now, to evaluate the HR changes due to presence of these risk factors, a single HR office measure or a mean evaluated on day time or night time or 24h was used. However, since HR shows a circadian behavior, a single value represents only a rough approximation of this behavior. In this study, we analyzed the influence of smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia on the circadian rhythm in normotensive and hypertensive subject groups presenting only one of these risk factors. The 24h HR recordings of 170 normotensive (83 without risk factors, 20 smokers, 44 with dyslipidemia, 23 obese) and 353 hypertensive (169 without risk factors, 32 smokers, 99 with dyslipidemia, 53 obese) subjects were acquired using a Holter Blood Pressure Monitor. Results highlighted a specific circadian behavior with three characteristic periods presenting different HR means and rates of HR change in the eight subject groups. The slopes could be used both to estimate the morning HR surge associated with acute cardiovascular effects in the awakening and to evaluate the decline during the night. Moreover, we suggest to use three HR mean values (one for each identified period of the day) rather than two HR values to better describe the circadian HR behavior. Furthermore, smoking increased and dyslipidemia decreased mean HR values from 10:00 to 04:00, both in normotensive and hypertensive subjects in comparison with subjects without risk factors. In this time interval, hypertensive obese subjects showed higher values while normotensive ones presented quite similar values than subjects without risk factors. During the awakening (05:00-10:00) the slopes were similar among all groups with no significant difference among the mean HR values. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0257660 |
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Until now, to evaluate the HR changes due to presence of these risk factors, a single HR office measure or a mean evaluated on day time or night time or 24h was used. However, since HR shows a circadian behavior, a single value represents only a rough approximation of this behavior. In this study, we analyzed the influence of smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia on the circadian rhythm in normotensive and hypertensive subject groups presenting only one of these risk factors. The 24h HR recordings of 170 normotensive (83 without risk factors, 20 smokers, 44 with dyslipidemia, 23 obese) and 353 hypertensive (169 without risk factors, 32 smokers, 99 with dyslipidemia, 53 obese) subjects were acquired using a Holter Blood Pressure Monitor. Results highlighted a specific circadian behavior with three characteristic periods presenting different HR means and rates of HR change in the eight subject groups. The slopes could be used both to estimate the morning HR surge associated with acute cardiovascular effects in the awakening and to evaluate the decline during the night. Moreover, we suggest to use three HR mean values (one for each identified period of the day) rather than two HR values to better describe the circadian HR behavior. Furthermore, smoking increased and dyslipidemia decreased mean HR values from 10:00 to 04:00, both in normotensive and hypertensive subjects in comparison with subjects without risk factors. In this time interval, hypertensive obese subjects showed higher values while normotensive ones presented quite similar values than subjects without risk factors. During the awakening (05:00-10:00) the slopes were similar among all groups with no significant difference among the mean HR values.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257660</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34551022</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology ; Circadian rhythm ; Circadian Rhythm - physiology ; Circadian rhythms ; Complications and side effects ; Dyslipidemia ; Dyslipidemias - complications ; Dyslipidemias - physiopathology ; Engineering ; Evaluation ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Heart beat ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Heart rate ; Heart Rate - physiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - complications ; Hypertension - physiopathology ; Influence ; Male ; Measurement ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolic disorders ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Night ; Obesity ; Obesity - complications ; Obesity - physiopathology ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Slopes ; Smoking ; Smoking - adverse effects ; Social Sciences</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-09, Vol.16 (9), p.e0257660</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Accardo et al. 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The slopes could be used both to estimate the morning HR surge associated with acute cardiovascular effects in the awakening and to evaluate the decline during the night. Moreover, we suggest to use three HR mean values (one for each identified period of the day) rather than two HR values to better describe the circadian HR behavior. Furthermore, smoking increased and dyslipidemia decreased mean HR values from 10:00 to 04:00, both in normotensive and hypertensive subjects in comparison with subjects without risk factors. In this time interval, hypertensive obese subjects showed higher values while normotensive ones presented quite similar values than subjects without risk factors. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Accardo, Agostino</au><au>Silveri, Giulia</au><au>Ajčević, Milos</au><au>Miladinović, Aleksandar</au><au>Pascazio, Lorenzo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of smoking and other cardiovascular risk factors on heart rate circadian rhythm in normotensive and hypertensive subjects</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-09-22</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0257660</spage><pages>e0257660-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Circadian heart rate (HR) is influenced by hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors particularly smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia. Until now, to evaluate the HR changes due to presence of these risk factors, a single HR office measure or a mean evaluated on day time or night time or 24h was used. However, since HR shows a circadian behavior, a single value represents only a rough approximation of this behavior. In this study, we analyzed the influence of smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia on the circadian rhythm in normotensive and hypertensive subject groups presenting only one of these risk factors. The 24h HR recordings of 170 normotensive (83 without risk factors, 20 smokers, 44 with dyslipidemia, 23 obese) and 353 hypertensive (169 without risk factors, 32 smokers, 99 with dyslipidemia, 53 obese) subjects were acquired using a Holter Blood Pressure Monitor. Results highlighted a specific circadian behavior with three characteristic periods presenting different HR means and rates of HR change in the eight subject groups. The slopes could be used both to estimate the morning HR surge associated with acute cardiovascular effects in the awakening and to evaluate the decline during the night. Moreover, we suggest to use three HR mean values (one for each identified period of the day) rather than two HR values to better describe the circadian HR behavior. Furthermore, smoking increased and dyslipidemia decreased mean HR values from 10:00 to 04:00, both in normotensive and hypertensive subjects in comparison with subjects without risk factors. In this time interval, hypertensive obese subjects showed higher values while normotensive ones presented quite similar values than subjects without risk factors. During the awakening (05:00-10:00) the slopes were similar among all groups with no significant difference among the mean HR values.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34551022</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0257660</doi><tpages>e0257660</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-4360</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-7484</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology Circadian rhythm Circadian Rhythm - physiology Circadian rhythms Complications and side effects Dyslipidemia Dyslipidemias - complications Dyslipidemias - physiopathology Engineering Evaluation Female Health aspects Health risks Heart beat Heart Disease Risk Factors Heart rate Heart Rate - physiology Humans Hypertension Hypertension - complications Hypertension - physiopathology Influence Male Measurement Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolic disorders Middle Aged Morbidity Mortality Night Obesity Obesity - complications Obesity - physiopathology Risk analysis Risk Factors Slopes Smoking Smoking - adverse effects Social Sciences |
| title | Influence of smoking and other cardiovascular risk factors on heart rate circadian rhythm in normotensive and hypertensive subjects |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-11T03%3A19%3A25IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Influence%20of%20smoking%20and%20other%20cardiovascular%20risk%20factors%20on%20heart%20rate%20circadian%20rhythm%20in%20normotensive%20and%20hypertensive%20subjects&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Accardo,%20Agostino&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0257660&rft.pages=e0257660-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0257660&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA676449234%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2575313984&rft_id=info:pmid/34551022&rft_galeid=A676449234&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_0f20c0d1b790451a882696c2d7322918&rfr_iscdi=true |