Obesity and the relation between joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in UK Biobank
Air pollution has been related to incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the joint association of various air pollutants with the risk of T2D and examined potential modification by obesity status and genetic susceptibility on the relationship. A total of 449,006 participants from UK Biobank...
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| description | Air pollution has been related to incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the joint association of various air pollutants with the risk of T2D and examined potential modification by obesity status and genetic susceptibility on the relationship.
A total of 449,006 participants from UK Biobank free of T2D at baseline were included. Of all the study population, 90.9% were white and 45.7% were male. The participants had a mean age of 56.6 (SD 8.1) years old and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 (SD 4.8) kg/m2. Ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5-10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. An air pollution score was created to assess the joint exposure to the 4 air pollutants. During a median of 11 years follow-up, we documented 18,239 incident T2D cases. The air pollution score was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D. Compared to the lowest quintile of air pollution score, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for T2D was 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10, p = 0.11), 1.06 (1.00 to 1.11, p = 0.051), 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15, p = 0.002), and 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19, p < 0.001) for the second to fifth quintile, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, genetic factors, and other covariates. In addition, we found a significant interaction between the air pollution score and obesity status on the risk of T2D (p-interaction < 0.001). The observed association was more pronounced among overweight and obese participants than in the normal-weight people. Genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D or obesity did not modify the relationship between air pollution and risk of T2D. Key study limitations include unavailable data on other potential T2D-related air pollutants and single-time measurement on air pollutants.
We found that various air pollutants PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NO2, and NO, individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of T2D in the population. The stratified analyses indicate that such associations were more strongly associated with T2D risk among those with higher adiposity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003767 |
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A total of 449,006 participants from UK Biobank free of T2D at baseline were included. Of all the study population, 90.9% were white and 45.7% were male. The participants had a mean age of 56.6 (SD 8.1) years old and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 (SD 4.8) kg/m2. Ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5-10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. An air pollution score was created to assess the joint exposure to the 4 air pollutants. During a median of 11 years follow-up, we documented 18,239 incident T2D cases. The air pollution score was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D. Compared to the lowest quintile of air pollution score, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for T2D was 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10, p = 0.11), 1.06 (1.00 to 1.11, p = 0.051), 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15, p = 0.002), and 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19, p < 0.001) for the second to fifth quintile, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, genetic factors, and other covariates. In addition, we found a significant interaction between the air pollution score and obesity status on the risk of T2D (p-interaction < 0.001). The observed association was more pronounced among overweight and obese participants than in the normal-weight people. Genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D or obesity did not modify the relationship between air pollution and risk of T2D. Key study limitations include unavailable data on other potential T2D-related air pollutants and single-time measurement on air pollutants.
We found that various air pollutants PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NO2, and NO, individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of T2D in the population. The stratified analyses indicate that such associations were more strongly associated with T2D risk among those with higher adiposity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1549-1676</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1549-1277</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1549-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003767</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34460827</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adipose tissue ; Adult ; Aged ; Air Pollutants - adverse effects ; Air pollution ; Air Pollution - adverse effects ; Air pollution measurements ; Alcohol use ; Biobanks ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body mass index ; Body weight ; Cohort analysis ; Complications and side effects ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; England - epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Estimates ; Ethnicity ; Exercise ; Female ; Genetic factors ; Health aspects ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interactive computer systems ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Nitric oxide ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Obesity ; Obesity - chemically induced ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Overweight ; Particulate matter ; Pollutants ; Population studies ; Quality control ; Questionnaires ; Risk factors ; Scotland - epidemiology ; Type 2 diabetes ; Wales - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>PLoS medicine, 2021-08, Vol.18 (8), p.e1003767-e1003767</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Li et al 2021 Li et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c764t-485dbcae376270a5bcd3b5bd43a680459befd12d39a968477f5a1cecf4b38ace3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c764t-485dbcae376270a5bcd3b5bd43a680459befd12d39a968477f5a1cecf4b38ace3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8041-7791 ; 0000-0002-6637-6428 ; 0000-0003-3420-9622</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8439461/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8439461/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34460827$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Guo, Yuming</contributor><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Mengying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yongze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Zhaoxia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Lu</creatorcontrib><title>Obesity and the relation between joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in UK Biobank</title><title>PLoS medicine</title><addtitle>PLoS Med</addtitle><description>Air pollution has been related to incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the joint association of various air pollutants with the risk of T2D and examined potential modification by obesity status and genetic susceptibility on the relationship.
A total of 449,006 participants from UK Biobank free of T2D at baseline were included. Of all the study population, 90.9% were white and 45.7% were male. The participants had a mean age of 56.6 (SD 8.1) years old and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 (SD 4.8) kg/m2. Ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5-10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. An air pollution score was created to assess the joint exposure to the 4 air pollutants. During a median of 11 years follow-up, we documented 18,239 incident T2D cases. The air pollution score was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D. Compared to the lowest quintile of air pollution score, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for T2D was 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10, p = 0.11), 1.06 (1.00 to 1.11, p = 0.051), 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15, p = 0.002), and 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19, p < 0.001) for the second to fifth quintile, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, genetic factors, and other covariates. In addition, we found a significant interaction between the air pollution score and obesity status on the risk of T2D (p-interaction < 0.001). The observed association was more pronounced among overweight and obese participants than in the normal-weight people. Genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D or obesity did not modify the relationship between air pollution and risk of T2D. Key study limitations include unavailable data on other potential T2D-related air pollutants and single-time measurement on air pollutants.
We found that various air pollutants PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NO2, and NO, individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of T2D in the population. The stratified analyses indicate that such associations were more strongly associated with T2D risk among those with higher adiposity.</description><subject>Adipose tissue</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - adverse effects</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Air Pollution - adverse effects</subject><subject>Air pollution measurements</subject><subject>Alcohol use</subject><subject>Biobanks</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>England - epidemiology</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic factors</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Interactive computer systems</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - chemically induced</subject><subject>Obesity - epidemiology</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Scotland - epidemiology</subject><subject>Type 2 diabetes</subject><subject>Wales - epidemiology</subject><issn>1549-1676</issn><issn>1549-1277</issn><issn>1549-1676</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqVk01vEzEQhlcIREvhHyCwhITgkLBef-32gFQqPiIqKgHlatne2cRhYwfbC82dH47TplWCcgD5YGv8zDueGU9RPMblGBOBX839EJzqx8sFtGNclkRwcac4xIw2I8wFv7t1PigexDgvy6opm_J-cUAo5WVdicPi97mGaNMKKdeiNAMUoFfJeoc0pF8ADs29dQnB5dLHIQBKHqmFtpBtyga09H0_JOVSvFKwzth2fZdWS0AVaq3KOhCP0QkyfuZDQjEN7SqD6OIjemO9Vu77w-Jep_oIjzb7UXHx7u3X0w-js_P3k9OTs5ERnKYRrVmrjYKcaSVKxbRpiWa6pUTxuqSs0dC1uGpJoxpeUyE6prAB01FNamWAHBVPr3WXvY9yU8AoKyYIZZRhnonJNdF6NZfLYBcqrKRXVl4ZfJhKFZI1PciKY9UwwIboinZgak113TEwQnHTAMtarzfRBp17ZHJZgup3RHdvnJ3Jqf8pa0oaynEWeLERCP7HADHJhY0G-l458MP63Vw0NWOszOizv9D92W2oqcoJWNf5HNesReUJFxTXnJF12NEeagoO8iO9g85m8w4_3sPn1cLCmr0OL3ccMpPgMk3VEKOcfPn8H-ynf2fPv-2yz7fYGag-zaLPXzl__bgL0mvQBB9jgO62gbiU60G8qbRcD6LcDGJ2e7Ld_Funm8kjfwBLVy5h</recordid><startdate>20210830</startdate><enddate>20210830</enddate><creator>Li, Xiang</creator><creator>Wang, Mengying</creator><creator>Song, Yongze</creator><creator>Ma, Hao</creator><creator>Zhou, Tao</creator><creator>Liang, Zhaoxia</creator><creator>Qi, Lu</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><scope>CZK</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8041-7791</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-6428</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3420-9622</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210830</creationdate><title>Obesity and the relation between joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in UK Biobank</title><author>Li, Xiang ; Wang, Mengying ; Song, Yongze ; Ma, Hao ; Zhou, Tao ; Liang, Zhaoxia ; Qi, Lu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c764t-485dbcae376270a5bcd3b5bd43a680459befd12d39a968477f5a1cecf4b38ace3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adipose tissue</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><collection>PLoS Medicine</collection><jtitle>PLoS medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Xiang</au><au>Wang, Mengying</au><au>Song, Yongze</au><au>Ma, Hao</au><au>Zhou, Tao</au><au>Liang, Zhaoxia</au><au>Qi, Lu</au><au>Guo, Yuming</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Obesity and the relation between joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in UK Biobank</atitle><jtitle>PLoS medicine</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Med</addtitle><date>2021-08-30</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e1003767</spage><epage>e1003767</epage><pages>e1003767-e1003767</pages><issn>1549-1676</issn><issn>1549-1277</issn><eissn>1549-1676</eissn><abstract>Air pollution has been related to incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the joint association of various air pollutants with the risk of T2D and examined potential modification by obesity status and genetic susceptibility on the relationship.
A total of 449,006 participants from UK Biobank free of T2D at baseline were included. Of all the study population, 90.9% were white and 45.7% were male. The participants had a mean age of 56.6 (SD 8.1) years old and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 (SD 4.8) kg/m2. Ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5-10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. An air pollution score was created to assess the joint exposure to the 4 air pollutants. During a median of 11 years follow-up, we documented 18,239 incident T2D cases. The air pollution score was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D. Compared to the lowest quintile of air pollution score, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for T2D was 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10, p = 0.11), 1.06 (1.00 to 1.11, p = 0.051), 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15, p = 0.002), and 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19, p < 0.001) for the second to fifth quintile, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, genetic factors, and other covariates. In addition, we found a significant interaction between the air pollution score and obesity status on the risk of T2D (p-interaction < 0.001). The observed association was more pronounced among overweight and obese participants than in the normal-weight people. Genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D or obesity did not modify the relationship between air pollution and risk of T2D. Key study limitations include unavailable data on other potential T2D-related air pollutants and single-time measurement on air pollutants.
We found that various air pollutants PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NO2, and NO, individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of T2D in the population. The stratified analyses indicate that such associations were more strongly associated with T2D risk among those with higher adiposity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34460827</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pmed.1003767</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8041-7791</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-6428</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3420-9622</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adipose tissue Adult Aged Air Pollutants - adverse effects Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Air pollution measurements Alcohol use Biobanks Biology and Life Sciences Body mass index Body weight Cohort analysis Complications and side effects Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Ecology and Environmental Sciences England - epidemiology Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Estimates Ethnicity Exercise Female Genetic factors Health aspects Health risk assessment Humans Incidence Interactive computer systems Male Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Nitric oxide Nitrogen dioxide Obesity Obesity - chemically induced Obesity - epidemiology Overweight Particulate matter Pollutants Population studies Quality control Questionnaires Risk factors Scotland - epidemiology Type 2 diabetes Wales - epidemiology |
| title | Obesity and the relation between joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in UK Biobank |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T10%3A46%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obesity%20and%20the%20relation%20between%20joint%20exposure%20to%20ambient%20air%20pollutants%20and%20incident%20type%202%20diabetes:%20A%20cohort%20study%20in%20UK%20Biobank&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20medicine&rft.au=Li,%20Xiang&rft.date=2021-08-30&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e1003767&rft.epage=e1003767&rft.pages=e1003767-e1003767&rft.issn=1549-1676&rft.eissn=1549-1676&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003767&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA674186531%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2573454516&rft_id=info:pmid/34460827&rft_galeid=A674186531&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_261a95e1c3b24fec8b4b8f5ec7a6c9e5&rfr_iscdi=true |