Chirality and asymmetry increase the potency of candidate ADRM1/RPN13 inhibitors

Bortezomib and the other licensed 20S proteasome inhibitors show robust activity against liquid tumors like multiple myeloma, but have disappointed against solid tumors including ovarian cancer. Consequently, interest is mounting in alternative non-peptide based drugs targeting the proteasome's...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2021-09, Vol.16 (9), p.e0256937-e0256937
Hauptverfasser: Anchoori, Ravi K, George, Logan, Tseng, Ssu-Hsueh, Lam, Brandon, Polkampally, Srinidhi, Amiano, Anjali D, Foran, Palmer, Tsingine, Hannah, Samanapally, Harideep, Carrizo Velasquez, Fernanda, Das, Samarjit, Xing, Deyin, Bin Salam, Ahmad, Karanam, Balasubramanyam, Hung, Chien-Fu, Roden, Richard B S
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container_issue 9
container_start_page e0256937
container_title PloS one
container_volume 16
creator Anchoori, Ravi K
George, Logan
Tseng, Ssu-Hsueh
Lam, Brandon
Polkampally, Srinidhi
Amiano, Anjali D
Foran, Palmer
Tsingine, Hannah
Samanapally, Harideep
Carrizo Velasquez, Fernanda
Das, Samarjit
Xing, Deyin
Bin Salam, Ahmad
Karanam, Balasubramanyam
Hung, Chien-Fu
Roden, Richard B S
description Bortezomib and the other licensed 20S proteasome inhibitors show robust activity against liquid tumors like multiple myeloma, but have disappointed against solid tumors including ovarian cancer. Consequently, interest is mounting in alternative non-peptide based drugs targeting the proteasome's 19S regulatory particle subunit, including its ubiquitin receptor RPN13. RA183 and RA375 are more potent analogs of the prototypic inhibitor of RPN13 (iRPN13) called RA190, and they show promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Here we demonstrate that rendering these candidate RPN13 inhibitors chiral and asymmetric through the addition of a single methyl to the core piperidone moiety increases their potency against cancer cell lines, with the S-isomer being more active than the R-isomer. The enhanced cancer cell cytotoxicities of these compounds are associated with improved binding to RPN13 in cell lysates, ATP depletion by inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial electron chain transport, mitochondrial depolarization and perinuclear clustering, oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, and rapid accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins with a consequent unresolved ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) stress response. Cytotoxicity was associated with an early biomarker of apoptosis, increased surface annexin V binding. As for cisplatin, BRCA2 and ATM deficiency conferred increased sensitivity to these iRPN13s. Ubiquitination plays an important role in coordinating DNA damage repair and the iRPN13s may compromise this process by depletion of monomeric ubiquitin following its sequestration in high molecular weight polyubiquitinated protein aggregates. Indeed, a synergistic cytotoxic response was evident upon treatment of several ovarian cancer cell lines with either cisplatin or doxorubicin and our new candidate iRPN13s, suggesting that such a combination approach warrants further exploration for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0256937
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Consequently, interest is mounting in alternative non-peptide based drugs targeting the proteasome's 19S regulatory particle subunit, including its ubiquitin receptor RPN13. RA183 and RA375 are more potent analogs of the prototypic inhibitor of RPN13 (iRPN13) called RA190, and they show promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Here we demonstrate that rendering these candidate RPN13 inhibitors chiral and asymmetric through the addition of a single methyl to the core piperidone moiety increases their potency against cancer cell lines, with the S-isomer being more active than the R-isomer. The enhanced cancer cell cytotoxicities of these compounds are associated with improved binding to RPN13 in cell lysates, ATP depletion by inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial electron chain transport, mitochondrial depolarization and perinuclear clustering, oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, and rapid accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins with a consequent unresolved ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) stress response. Cytotoxicity was associated with an early biomarker of apoptosis, increased surface annexin V binding. As for cisplatin, BRCA2 and ATM deficiency conferred increased sensitivity to these iRPN13s. Ubiquitination plays an important role in coordinating DNA damage repair and the iRPN13s may compromise this process by depletion of monomeric ubiquitin following its sequestration in high molecular weight polyubiquitinated protein aggregates. Indeed, a synergistic cytotoxic response was evident upon treatment of several ovarian cancer cell lines with either cisplatin or doxorubicin and our new candidate iRPN13s, suggesting that such a combination approach warrants further exploration for the treatment of ovarian cancer.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256937</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34506530</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analogs ; Analysis ; Anesthesiology ; Animals ; Annexin V ; Antibodies ; Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis - drug effects ; Asymmetry ; Benzylidene Compounds - chemistry ; Benzylidene Compounds - pharmacology ; Binding ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Bioluminescence ; Biomarkers ; Bortezomib ; BRCA2 protein ; Breast cancer ; Cancer ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation - drug effects ; Chemical bonds ; Chirality ; Cisplatin ; Clustering ; Critical care ; Cytotoxicity ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Depletion ; Depolarization ; DNA ; DNA damage ; DNA repair ; Doxorubicin ; Drug delivery ; Drug dosages ; Female ; Gene expression ; Glutathione ; Glycolysis ; Gynecological cancer ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Inhibitors ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Lysates ; Medical research ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Mitochondria ; Molecular weight ; Multiple myeloma ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Ovarian cancer ; Ovarian carcinoma ; Ovarian Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Oxidative stress ; Pathology ; Peptides ; Physical Sciences ; Proteasome inhibitors ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Solid tumors ; Toxicity ; Tumor cell lines ; Tumors ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitination ; Ubiquitination - drug effects</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-09, Vol.16 (9), p.e0256937-e0256937</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Anchoori et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Consequently, interest is mounting in alternative non-peptide based drugs targeting the proteasome's 19S regulatory particle subunit, including its ubiquitin receptor RPN13. RA183 and RA375 are more potent analogs of the prototypic inhibitor of RPN13 (iRPN13) called RA190, and they show promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Here we demonstrate that rendering these candidate RPN13 inhibitors chiral and asymmetric through the addition of a single methyl to the core piperidone moiety increases their potency against cancer cell lines, with the S-isomer being more active than the R-isomer. The enhanced cancer cell cytotoxicities of these compounds are associated with improved binding to RPN13 in cell lysates, ATP depletion by inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial electron chain transport, mitochondrial depolarization and perinuclear clustering, oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, and rapid accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins with a consequent unresolved ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) stress response. Cytotoxicity was associated with an early biomarker of apoptosis, increased surface annexin V binding. As for cisplatin, BRCA2 and ATM deficiency conferred increased sensitivity to these iRPN13s. Ubiquitination plays an important role in coordinating DNA damage repair and the iRPN13s may compromise this process by depletion of monomeric ubiquitin following its sequestration in high molecular weight polyubiquitinated protein aggregates. Indeed, a synergistic cytotoxic response was evident upon treatment of several ovarian cancer cell lines with either cisplatin or doxorubicin and our new candidate iRPN13s, suggesting that such a combination approach warrants further exploration for the treatment of ovarian cancer.</description><subject>Analogs</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anesthesiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Annexin V</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Asymmetry</subject><subject>Benzylidene Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Benzylidene Compounds - pharmacology</subject><subject>Binding</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bioluminescence</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Bortezomib</subject><subject>BRCA2 protein</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cell Line, Tumor</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</subject><subject>Chemical bonds</subject><subject>Chirality</subject><subject>Cisplatin</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Critical care</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Depletion</subject><subject>Depolarization</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA damage</subject><subject>DNA repair</subject><subject>Doxorubicin</subject><subject>Drug delivery</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glycolysis</subject><subject>Gynecological cancer</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhibitors</subject><subject>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>Lysates</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Mice, Nude</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Multiple myeloma</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Ovarian cancer</subject><subject>Ovarian carcinoma</subject><subject>Ovarian Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Proteasome inhibitors</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Solid tumors</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Tumor cell lines</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Ubiquitin</subject><subject>Ubiquitination</subject><subject>Ubiquitination - drug effects</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkltv0zAYhiMEYmPwDxBEQkJw0c6OD4lvJlXlVGmwqRxuLZ_SeEriYjuI_ntcmk0N2gXyhS37-d7Pfv1m2XMI5hCV8PzGDb4X7XzrejMHBaEMlQ-yU8hQMaMFQA-P1ifZkxBuACCoovRxdoIwAZQgcJpdLxvrRWvjLhe9zkXYdZ2JfpfbXnkjgsljY_Kti6ZXu9zVuUqY1SKafPFu_Rmer6-_QJToxkobnQ9Ps0e1aIN5Ns5n2fcP778tP80urz6ulovLmaKsiDNGaIkNUZBBqZmRuhISCSYpQIporYmuNFICUFhjjWFR41JRYWBRFtgwwdBZ9vKgu21d4KMZgRekhBiXGKJErA6EduKGb73thN9xJyz_u-H8hgsfrWoNF-katSRGaFlgUlEJDS0lIRIoLUGpk9bF2G2QndHK9DG5NhGdnvS24Rv3i1cYFSUjSeDNKODdz8GEyDsblGlb0Rs3HO7NYEmrKqGv_kHvf91IbUR6gO1rl_qqvShfJGsZrRjaU_N7qDS06axKyalt2p8UvJ0UJCaa33EjhhD46uv6_9mrH1P29RHbGNHGJrh2iNb1YQriA6i8C8Gb-s5kCPg--Ldu8H3w-Rj8VPbi-IPuim6Tjv4ARjj9WQ</recordid><startdate>20210910</startdate><enddate>20210910</enddate><creator>Anchoori, Ravi K</creator><creator>George, Logan</creator><creator>Tseng, Ssu-Hsueh</creator><creator>Lam, Brandon</creator><creator>Polkampally, Srinidhi</creator><creator>Amiano, Anjali D</creator><creator>Foran, Palmer</creator><creator>Tsingine, Hannah</creator><creator>Samanapally, Harideep</creator><creator>Carrizo Velasquez, Fernanda</creator><creator>Das, Samarjit</creator><creator>Xing, Deyin</creator><creator>Bin Salam, Ahmad</creator><creator>Karanam, Balasubramanyam</creator><creator>Hung, Chien-Fu</creator><creator>Roden, Richard B S</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-8644</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-0195</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210910</creationdate><title>Chirality and asymmetry increase the potency of candidate ADRM1/RPN13 inhibitors</title><author>Anchoori, Ravi K ; George, Logan ; Tseng, Ssu-Hsueh ; Lam, Brandon ; Polkampally, Srinidhi ; Amiano, Anjali D ; Foran, Palmer ; Tsingine, Hannah ; Samanapally, Harideep ; Carrizo Velasquez, Fernanda ; Das, Samarjit ; Xing, Deyin ; Bin Salam, Ahmad ; Karanam, Balasubramanyam ; Hung, Chien-Fu ; Roden, Richard B S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-95674e5c191bd9ebd8ab3a9b603c5ddd5d8d3ca061f4d412f47c6ae12724e9a93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Analogs</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Anesthesiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Annexin V</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Asymmetry</topic><topic>Benzylidene Compounds - chemistry</topic><topic>Benzylidene Compounds - pharmacology</topic><topic>Binding</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Bioluminescence</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Bortezomib</topic><topic>BRCA2 protein</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cell Line, Tumor</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</topic><topic>Chemical bonds</topic><topic>Chirality</topic><topic>Cisplatin</topic><topic>Clustering</topic><topic>Critical care</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Depletion</topic><topic>Depolarization</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA damage</topic><topic>DNA repair</topic><topic>Doxorubicin</topic><topic>Drug delivery</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glycolysis</topic><topic>Gynecological cancer</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inhibitors</topic><topic>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - antagonists &amp; 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Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Anchoori, Ravi K</au><au>George, Logan</au><au>Tseng, Ssu-Hsueh</au><au>Lam, Brandon</au><au>Polkampally, Srinidhi</au><au>Amiano, Anjali D</au><au>Foran, Palmer</au><au>Tsingine, Hannah</au><au>Samanapally, Harideep</au><au>Carrizo Velasquez, Fernanda</au><au>Das, Samarjit</au><au>Xing, Deyin</au><au>Bin Salam, Ahmad</au><au>Karanam, Balasubramanyam</au><au>Hung, Chien-Fu</au><au>Roden, Richard B S</au><au>Bera, Soumen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chirality and asymmetry increase the potency of candidate ADRM1/RPN13 inhibitors</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-09-10</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0256937</spage><epage>e0256937</epage><pages>e0256937-e0256937</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Bortezomib and the other licensed 20S proteasome inhibitors show robust activity against liquid tumors like multiple myeloma, but have disappointed against solid tumors including ovarian cancer. Consequently, interest is mounting in alternative non-peptide based drugs targeting the proteasome's 19S regulatory particle subunit, including its ubiquitin receptor RPN13. RA183 and RA375 are more potent analogs of the prototypic inhibitor of RPN13 (iRPN13) called RA190, and they show promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Here we demonstrate that rendering these candidate RPN13 inhibitors chiral and asymmetric through the addition of a single methyl to the core piperidone moiety increases their potency against cancer cell lines, with the S-isomer being more active than the R-isomer. The enhanced cancer cell cytotoxicities of these compounds are associated with improved binding to RPN13 in cell lysates, ATP depletion by inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial electron chain transport, mitochondrial depolarization and perinuclear clustering, oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, and rapid accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins with a consequent unresolved ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) stress response. Cytotoxicity was associated with an early biomarker of apoptosis, increased surface annexin V binding. As for cisplatin, BRCA2 and ATM deficiency conferred increased sensitivity to these iRPN13s. Ubiquitination plays an important role in coordinating DNA damage repair and the iRPN13s may compromise this process by depletion of monomeric ubiquitin following its sequestration in high molecular weight polyubiquitinated protein aggregates. Indeed, a synergistic cytotoxic response was evident upon treatment of several ovarian cancer cell lines with either cisplatin or doxorubicin and our new candidate iRPN13s, suggesting that such a combination approach warrants further exploration for the treatment of ovarian cancer.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34506530</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0256937</doi><tpages>e0256937</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-8644</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-0195</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
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1932-6203
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source Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Analogs
Analysis
Anesthesiology
Animals
Annexin V
Antibodies
Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Asymmetry
Benzylidene Compounds - chemistry
Benzylidene Compounds - pharmacology
Binding
Biology and Life Sciences
Bioluminescence
Biomarkers
Bortezomib
BRCA2 protein
Breast cancer
Cancer
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Chemical bonds
Chirality
Cisplatin
Clustering
Critical care
Cytotoxicity
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Depletion
Depolarization
DNA
DNA damage
DNA repair
Doxorubicin
Drug delivery
Drug dosages
Female
Gene expression
Glutathione
Glycolysis
Gynecological cancer
Health aspects
Humans
Inhibitors
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors
Lysates
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Nude
Mitochondria
Molecular weight
Multiple myeloma
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Ovarian cancer
Ovarian carcinoma
Ovarian Neoplasms - drug therapy
Oxidative stress
Pathology
Peptides
Physical Sciences
Proteasome inhibitors
Proteins
Research and Analysis Methods
Solid tumors
Toxicity
Tumor cell lines
Tumors
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitination
Ubiquitination - drug effects
title Chirality and asymmetry increase the potency of candidate ADRM1/RPN13 inhibitors
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