Unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influence hippocampal-dependent short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABA-A receptor alpha subunits
ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) facilitator valproic acid may be able to curb memory disruption induced by morphine exposure. The effects of the GABA facilitator valproic acid on the behavioral tolerance induced by morphine were investigated. Then hippocampal-dependent tasks named spatial-working and sho...
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| description | ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) facilitator valproic acid may be able to curb memory disruption induced by morphine exposure.
The effects of the GABA facilitator valproic acid on the behavioral tolerance induced by morphine were investigated. Then hippocampal-dependent tasks named spatial-working and short-term memory procedures using the Y-maze apparatus were examined in morphine tolerant rats. Finally, the changes in the expression of hippocampal GABA-A receptors underlying morphine tolerance were also examined.
Rats were treated with daily morphine injections, with or without distinct contextual pairing. To examine the effect of valproic acid on morphine tolerance expression, valproic acid was pretreated an hour before morphine. Spatial-working and short-term memory procedures using the Y-maze apparatus were examined in morphine tolerant rats. Afterwards the changes in the expression of hippocampal GABAα receptors using the quantitative real-time PCR and western blot techniques to detect GABArα subunits mRNAs and protein level were studied.
Our results showed that both learned and non-associative morphine tolerance influence short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABArα mRNAs and protein level. Despite its attenuating effects on the development and expression of both learned and non-associative morphine tolerance, only associative morphine tolerance-induced memory dysfunction was ameliorated by valproic acid pretreatment. We also found that the expression of GABArα1, α2, α5 subunits mRNAs and GABAα protein level were affected heavier in associative morphine tolerant rats.
Our data supports the hypothesis that unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influences short-term memory and the expression of GABArα 1, α2, α5 mRNAs and GABArα protein level differently, and adds to our understanding of the behavioral and molecular aspects of the learned tolerance to morphine effects. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0253902 |
| format | Article |
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The effects of the GABA facilitator valproic acid on the behavioral tolerance induced by morphine were investigated. Then hippocampal-dependent tasks named spatial-working and short-term memory procedures using the Y-maze apparatus were examined in morphine tolerant rats. Finally, the changes in the expression of hippocampal GABA-A receptors underlying morphine tolerance were also examined.
Rats were treated with daily morphine injections, with or without distinct contextual pairing. To examine the effect of valproic acid on morphine tolerance expression, valproic acid was pretreated an hour before morphine. Spatial-working and short-term memory procedures using the Y-maze apparatus were examined in morphine tolerant rats. Afterwards the changes in the expression of hippocampal GABAα receptors using the quantitative real-time PCR and western blot techniques to detect GABArα subunits mRNAs and protein level were studied.
Our results showed that both learned and non-associative morphine tolerance influence short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABArα mRNAs and protein level. Despite its attenuating effects on the development and expression of both learned and non-associative morphine tolerance, only associative morphine tolerance-induced memory dysfunction was ameliorated by valproic acid pretreatment. We also found that the expression of GABArα1, α2, α5 subunits mRNAs and GABAα protein level were affected heavier in associative morphine tolerant rats.
Our data supports the hypothesis that unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influences short-term memory and the expression of GABArα 1, α2, α5 mRNAs and GABArα protein level differently, and adds to our understanding of the behavioral and molecular aspects of the learned tolerance to morphine effects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253902</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34500453</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acids ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology ; Animal cognition ; Animals ; Associative memory ; Behavior ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Complications and side effects ; Diagnosis ; Divalproex ; Drug Tolerance ; Experiments ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Hippocampus ; Hippocampus - drug effects ; Hippocampus - metabolism ; Influence ; Laboratory animals ; Learning ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Memory ; Memory, Short-Term - drug effects ; Morphine ; Morphine - pharmacology ; Morphine habit ; Narcotics ; Patient outcomes ; Physiology ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors ; Receptors, GABA-A - genetics ; Receptors, GABA-A - metabolism ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Short term memory ; Social Sciences ; Spatial memory ; Valproic acid ; γ-Aminobutyric acid ; γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-09, Vol.16 (9), p.e0253902</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Ghamkharinejad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Ghamkharinejad et al 2021 Ghamkharinejad et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-30a70c25c53744ff96ffc68988ab78e2e5f036967a9be58a7ac5df6fd34008fc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-30a70c25c53744ff96ffc68988ab78e2e5f036967a9be58a7ac5df6fd34008fc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4179-5490 ; 0000-0002-3695-4805</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428970/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428970/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34500453$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Datta, Prasun K.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Ghamkharinejad, Ghazaleh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marashi, Seyed Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foolad, Forough</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Javan, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fathollahi, Yaghoub</creatorcontrib><title>Unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influence hippocampal-dependent short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABA-A receptor alpha subunits</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) facilitator valproic acid may be able to curb memory disruption induced by morphine exposure.
The effects of the GABA facilitator valproic acid on the behavioral tolerance induced by morphine were investigated. Then hippocampal-dependent tasks named spatial-working and short-term memory procedures using the Y-maze apparatus were examined in morphine tolerant rats. Finally, the changes in the expression of hippocampal GABA-A receptors underlying morphine tolerance were also examined.
Rats were treated with daily morphine injections, with or without distinct contextual pairing. To examine the effect of valproic acid on morphine tolerance expression, valproic acid was pretreated an hour before morphine. Spatial-working and short-term memory procedures using the Y-maze apparatus were examined in morphine tolerant rats. Afterwards the changes in the expression of hippocampal GABAα receptors using the quantitative real-time PCR and western blot techniques to detect GABArα subunits mRNAs and protein level were studied.
Our results showed that both learned and non-associative morphine tolerance influence short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABArα mRNAs and protein level. Despite its attenuating effects on the development and expression of both learned and non-associative morphine tolerance, only associative morphine tolerance-induced memory dysfunction was ameliorated by valproic acid pretreatment. We also found that the expression of GABArα1, α2, α5 subunits mRNAs and GABAα protein level were affected heavier in associative morphine tolerant rats.
Our data supports the hypothesis that unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influences short-term memory and the expression of GABArα 1, α2, α5 mRNAs and GABArα protein level differently, and adds to our understanding of the behavioral and molecular aspects of the learned tolerance to morphine effects.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Animal cognition</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Associative memory</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Divalproex</subject><subject>Drug Tolerance</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Hippocampus</subject><subject>Hippocampus - drug effects</subject><subject>Hippocampus - metabolism</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maze Learning</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Memory, Short-Term - drug effects</subject><subject>Morphine</subject><subject>Morphine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Morphine habit</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>Patient outcomes</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Receptors, GABA-A - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, GABA-A - metabolism</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Short term memory</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Spatial memory</subject><subject>Valproic acid</subject><subject>γ-Aminobutyric acid</subject><subject>γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk9FqFDEUhgdRbK2-geiAIHoxayaZzExuhLVoXSgU1HobspmTnSyZZEwy0j6M72qmuy1d6YXkIofk-_-TnORk2csSLUrSlB-2bvJWmMXoLCwQpoQh_Cg7LhnBRY0ReXwvPsqehbBFiJK2rp9mR6SiCFWUHGd_Lq10ttNRJ5suF7bLDQg_x4PzY68t5NEZ8MJKyLVVZoI56vU4OimGUZiigxFsBzbmoXc-FhH8kA-Q9Nc3hrGHPEzrrZAzA1ejhxBSvtyp_Gz5aVkscw8Sxuh8LszYi5merI7hefZECRPgxX4-yS6_fP5x-rU4vzhbnS7PC1kzHAuCRIMkppKSpqqUYrVSsm5Z24p10wIGqhCpWd0ItgbaikZI2qladaRCqFWSnGSvd76jcYHvKxs4pk2JSMkYS8RqR3RObPno9SD8NXdC85sF5zdc-KilAd4xJBnqGGBCKlxXYk4sG0RBtGTd0uT1cZ9tWg_QzVXxwhyYHu5Y3fON-83bCresQcng3d7Au18ThMgHHSQYIyy4aXduhjGqZvTNP-jDt9tTG5EukF7ZpbxyNuXLuqnaqqWsTtTiASqNDgadfhEondYPBO8PBImJcBU3YgqBr75_-3_24uch-_Ye24MwsQ_OTPMnDodgtQOldyF4UHdFLhGfu-i2GnzuIr7voiR7df-B7kS3bUP-AgWMGr0</recordid><startdate>20210909</startdate><enddate>20210909</enddate><creator>Ghamkharinejad, Ghazaleh</creator><creator>Marashi, Seyed Hossein</creator><creator>Foolad, Forough</creator><creator>Javan, Mohammad</creator><creator>Fathollahi, Yaghoub</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-5490</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-4805</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210909</creationdate><title>Unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influence hippocampal-dependent short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABA-A receptor alpha subunits</title><author>Ghamkharinejad, Ghazaleh ; Marashi, Seyed Hossein ; Foolad, Forough ; Javan, Mohammad ; Fathollahi, Yaghoub</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-30a70c25c53744ff96ffc68988ab78e2e5f036967a9be58a7ac5df6fd34008fc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Analgesics</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ghamkharinejad, Ghazaleh</au><au>Marashi, Seyed Hossein</au><au>Foolad, Forough</au><au>Javan, Mohammad</au><au>Fathollahi, Yaghoub</au><au>Datta, Prasun K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influence hippocampal-dependent short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABA-A receptor alpha subunits</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-09-09</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0253902</spage><pages>e0253902-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) facilitator valproic acid may be able to curb memory disruption induced by morphine exposure.
The effects of the GABA facilitator valproic acid on the behavioral tolerance induced by morphine were investigated. Then hippocampal-dependent tasks named spatial-working and short-term memory procedures using the Y-maze apparatus were examined in morphine tolerant rats. Finally, the changes in the expression of hippocampal GABA-A receptors underlying morphine tolerance were also examined.
Rats were treated with daily morphine injections, with or without distinct contextual pairing. To examine the effect of valproic acid on morphine tolerance expression, valproic acid was pretreated an hour before morphine. Spatial-working and short-term memory procedures using the Y-maze apparatus were examined in morphine tolerant rats. Afterwards the changes in the expression of hippocampal GABAα receptors using the quantitative real-time PCR and western blot techniques to detect GABArα subunits mRNAs and protein level were studied.
Our results showed that both learned and non-associative morphine tolerance influence short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABArα mRNAs and protein level. Despite its attenuating effects on the development and expression of both learned and non-associative morphine tolerance, only associative morphine tolerance-induced memory dysfunction was ameliorated by valproic acid pretreatment. We also found that the expression of GABArα1, α2, α5 subunits mRNAs and GABAα protein level were affected heavier in associative morphine tolerant rats.
Our data supports the hypothesis that unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influences short-term memory and the expression of GABArα 1, α2, α5 mRNAs and GABArα protein level differently, and adds to our understanding of the behavioral and molecular aspects of the learned tolerance to morphine effects.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34500453</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0253902</doi><tpages>e0253902</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-5490</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-4805</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2021-09, Vol.16 (9), p.e0253902 |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2571031999 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acids Analgesics Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology Animal cognition Animals Associative memory Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Complications and side effects Diagnosis Divalproex Drug Tolerance Experiments gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Hippocampus Hippocampus - drug effects Hippocampus - metabolism Influence Laboratory animals Learning Male Maze Learning Medicine and Health Sciences Memory Memory, Short-Term - drug effects Morphine Morphine - pharmacology Morphine habit Narcotics Patient outcomes Physiology Proteins Rats Rats, Wistar Receptors Receptors, GABA-A - genetics Receptors, GABA-A - metabolism Research and Analysis Methods Short term memory Social Sciences Spatial memory Valproic acid γ-Aminobutyric acid γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors |
| title | Unconditioned and learned morphine tolerance influence hippocampal-dependent short-term memory and the subjacent expression of GABA-A receptor alpha subunits |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-30T07%3A42%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unconditioned%20and%20learned%20morphine%20tolerance%20influence%20hippocampal-dependent%20short-term%20memory%20and%20the%20subjacent%20expression%20of%20GABA-A%20receptor%20alpha%20subunits&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Ghamkharinejad,%20Ghazaleh&rft.date=2021-09-09&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0253902&rft.pages=e0253902-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0253902&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA674848596%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2571031999&rft_id=info:pmid/34500453&rft_galeid=A674848596&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_d90c90d9e2334264a967ac705ea83b85&rfr_iscdi=true |