Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Thus, the early detection and prevention of hypertension is critical for reducing cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of sociocultural factors on vulnerability to hypertension needs further investigation. This...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2021-08, Vol.16 (8), p.e0256811-e0256811
Hauptverfasser: Segawa, Hiromi Kohori, Uematsu, Hironori, Dorji, Nidup, Wangdi, Ugyen, Dorjee, Chencho, Yangchen, Pemba, Kunisawa, Susumu, Sakamoto, Ryota, Imanaka, Yuichi
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container_volume 16
creator Segawa, Hiromi Kohori
Uematsu, Hironori
Dorji, Nidup
Wangdi, Ugyen
Dorjee, Chencho
Yangchen, Pemba
Kunisawa, Susumu
Sakamoto, Ryota
Imanaka, Yuichi
description Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Thus, the early detection and prevention of hypertension is critical for reducing cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of sociocultural factors on vulnerability to hypertension needs further investigation. This study performed secondary data analysis on 1,909 individuals in a cross-sectional study (the National survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS approach in Bhutan– 2014). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between gender with marital status and hypertension. Women had a higher odds ratio than men (Ref) when married (AOR: 1.27, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.23–1.31), and when separated, divorced, or widowed (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12–1.26). People who speak the Tshanglakha language scored the highest odds (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.20–1.27), followed by Lhotshamkha (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12) and Dzongkha (Ref) after adjusting for various social and biomedical factors. Additionally, tobacco use displayed decreased odds for hypertension. To promote the early detection and prevention of hypertension, these cultural factors should be considered even within small geographic areas, such as Bhutan. It is necessary to strengthen hypertension preventive strategies for people who speak Tshanglakha and Lhotshamkha. Furthermore, careful consideration should be given to preventing hypertension among adults aged 40 years or more, women who are married, separated, divorced, or widowed, and men who never married in Bhutan.
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subjects Alcohol
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood pressure
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Care and treatment
Confidence intervals
Cultural factors
Data analysis
Demographic aspects
Diagnosis
Disease prevention
Divorce
Economics
Education
Evaluation
Family medical history
Gender
Glucose
Happiness
Health care
Health risks
Health surveys
Hypertension
Lifestyles
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Men
Mental health
Mortality
Nursing
People and Places
Polls & surveys
Prevention
Public health
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Social Sciences
Statistical analysis
Tobacco
Variables
Vegetables
Women
Womens health
title Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan
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