The perspectives of health professionals and patients on racism in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review
To understand racial bias in clinical settings from the perspectives of minority patients and healthcare providers to inspire changes in the way healthcare providers interact with their patients. Articles on racial bias were searched on Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Full text review and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-08, Vol.16 (8), p.e0255936 |
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| creator | Sim, Wilson Lim, Wen Hui Ng, Cheng Han Chin, Yip Han Yaow, Clyve Yu Leon Cheong, Clare Wei Zhen Khoo, Chin Meng Samarasekera, Dujeepa D Devi, M Kamala Chong, Choon Seng |
| description | To understand racial bias in clinical settings from the perspectives of minority patients and healthcare providers to inspire changes in the way healthcare providers interact with their patients.
Articles on racial bias were searched on Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Full text review and quality appraisal was conducted, before data was synthesized and analytically themed using the Thomas and Harden methodology.
23 articles were included, involving 1,006 participants. From minority patients' perspectives, two themes were generated: 1) alienation of minorities due to racial supremacism and lack of empathy, resulting in inadequate medical treatment; 2) labelling of minority patients who were stereotyped as belonging to a lower socio-economic class and having negative behaviors. From providers' perspectives, one theme recurred: the perpetuation of racial fault lines by providers. However, some patients and providers denied racism in the healthcare setting.
Implicit racial bias is pervasive and manifests in patient-provider interactions, exacerbating health disparities in minorities. Beyond targeted anti-racism measures in healthcare settings, wider national measures to reduce housing, education and income inequality may mitigate racism in healthcare and improve minority patient care. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0255936 |
| format | Article |
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Articles on racial bias were searched on Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Full text review and quality appraisal was conducted, before data was synthesized and analytically themed using the Thomas and Harden methodology.
23 articles were included, involving 1,006 participants. From minority patients' perspectives, two themes were generated: 1) alienation of minorities due to racial supremacism and lack of empathy, resulting in inadequate medical treatment; 2) labelling of minority patients who were stereotyped as belonging to a lower socio-economic class and having negative behaviors. From providers' perspectives, one theme recurred: the perpetuation of racial fault lines by providers. However, some patients and providers denied racism in the healthcare setting.
Implicit racial bias is pervasive and manifests in patient-provider interactions, exacerbating health disparities in minorities. Beyond targeted anti-racism measures in healthcare settings, wider national measures to reduce housing, education and income inequality may mitigate racism in healthcare and improve minority patient care.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255936</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34464395</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Bias ; COVID-19 ; Delivery of Health Care ; Discrimination ; Discrimination in medical care ; Empathy ; Evaluation ; Fault lines ; Geological faults ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Health care industry ; Health disparities ; Health Personnel - psychology ; Health services ; Healthcare Disparities ; Hospitals ; Housing ; Humans ; Income inequality ; Labeling ; Labelling ; Medical personnel ; Medical treatment ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Minority groups ; Patients ; People and Places ; Public health ; Racial discrimination ; Racism ; Racism - psychology ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Setting (hardening) ; Social Sciences ; Socioeconomics ; Stereotypes ; Systematic review ; Wen Hui</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-08, Vol.16 (8), p.e0255936</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Sim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Sim et al 2021 Sim et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-607e11ff28f06e8101edd34d3293cff237ee78043cf10083803e50128bfbf3493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-607e11ff28f06e8101edd34d3293cff237ee78043cf10083803e50128bfbf3493</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4273-825X ; 0000-0003-0669-7307 ; 0000-0002-6916-6741 ; 0000-0001-5624-9516 ; 0000-0002-8297-1569</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407537/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407537/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27321,27901,27902,33751,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34464395$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sim, Wilson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Wen Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Cheng Han</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chin, Yip Han</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yaow, Clyve Yu Leon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheong, Clare Wei Zhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khoo, Chin Meng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samarasekera, Dujeepa D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Devi, M Kamala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chong, Choon Seng</creatorcontrib><title>The perspectives of health professionals and patients on racism in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>To understand racial bias in clinical settings from the perspectives of minority patients and healthcare providers to inspire changes in the way healthcare providers interact with their patients.
Articles on racial bias were searched on Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Full text review and quality appraisal was conducted, before data was synthesized and analytically themed using the Thomas and Harden methodology.
23 articles were included, involving 1,006 participants. From minority patients' perspectives, two themes were generated: 1) alienation of minorities due to racial supremacism and lack of empathy, resulting in inadequate medical treatment; 2) labelling of minority patients who were stereotyped as belonging to a lower socio-economic class and having negative behaviors. From providers' perspectives, one theme recurred: the perpetuation of racial fault lines by providers. However, some patients and providers denied racism in the healthcare setting.
Implicit racial bias is pervasive and manifests in patient-provider interactions, exacerbating health disparities in minorities. Beyond targeted anti-racism measures in healthcare settings, wider national measures to reduce housing, education and income inequality may mitigate racism in healthcare and improve minority patient care.</description><subject>Bias</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Delivery of Health Care</subject><subject>Discrimination</subject><subject>Discrimination in medical care</subject><subject>Empathy</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Fault lines</subject><subject>Geological faults</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health care industry</subject><subject>Health disparities</subject><subject>Health Personnel - psychology</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Healthcare Disparities</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Housing</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income inequality</subject><subject>Labeling</subject><subject>Labelling</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Minority groups</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Racial discrimination</subject><subject>Racism</subject><subject>Racism - 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Articles on racial bias were searched on Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Full text review and quality appraisal was conducted, before data was synthesized and analytically themed using the Thomas and Harden methodology.
23 articles were included, involving 1,006 participants. From minority patients' perspectives, two themes were generated: 1) alienation of minorities due to racial supremacism and lack of empathy, resulting in inadequate medical treatment; 2) labelling of minority patients who were stereotyped as belonging to a lower socio-economic class and having negative behaviors. From providers' perspectives, one theme recurred: the perpetuation of racial fault lines by providers. However, some patients and providers denied racism in the healthcare setting.
Implicit racial bias is pervasive and manifests in patient-provider interactions, exacerbating health disparities in minorities. Beyond targeted anti-racism measures in healthcare settings, wider national measures to reduce housing, education and income inequality may mitigate racism in healthcare and improve minority patient care.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34464395</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0255936</doi><tpages>e0255936</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-825X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0669-7307</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-6741</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-9516</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-1569</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2567968596 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Sociological Abstracts; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Bias COVID-19 Delivery of Health Care Discrimination Discrimination in medical care Empathy Evaluation Fault lines Geological faults Health aspects Health care Health care industry Health disparities Health Personnel - psychology Health services Healthcare Disparities Hospitals Housing Humans Income inequality Labeling Labelling Medical personnel Medical treatment Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Minority & ethnic groups Minority groups Patients People and Places Public health Racial discrimination Racism Racism - psychology Research and Analysis Methods Setting (hardening) Social Sciences Socioeconomics Stereotypes Systematic review Wen Hui |
| title | The perspectives of health professionals and patients on racism in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T17%3A20%3A56IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20perspectives%20of%20health%20professionals%20and%20patients%20on%20racism%20in%20healthcare:%20A%20qualitative%20systematic%20review&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Sim,%20Wilson&rft.date=2021-08-31&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e0255936&rft.pages=e0255936-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0255936&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA673834707%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2567968596&rft_id=info:pmid/34464395&rft_galeid=A673834707&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_1f8252e21a024811b6c7296e69274bde&rfr_iscdi=true |