Prevalence and risk factors for feather-damaging behavior in psittacine birds: Analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey
A case control study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of feather-damaging behavior and evaluate the correlation with risk factors among pet psittacine birds in Japan. Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk facto...
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| description | A case control study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of feather-damaging behavior and evaluate the correlation with risk factors among pet psittacine birds in Japan. Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk factors have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire survey on parrot owners throughout Japan to examine regional differences in feather-damaging behavior and associated risk factors. In total, 2,331 valid responses were obtained. The prevalence of feather-damaging behavior was 11.7%, in general agreement with prior studies. The highest prevalence was among Cockatoos (Cacatua spp., etc.; 30.6%), followed by Lovebirds (Agapornis spp.; 24.5%) and African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus; 23.7%). Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for potential risk factors and adjust the confounding of the variables. The odds of feather-damaging behavior were significantly higher for Conures (Aratinga spp., Pyrrhura spp., Thectocercus acuticaudatus, Cyanoliseus patagonus) (ORadj = 2.55, P = 0.005), Pacific parrotlets (Forpus coelestis) (ORadj = 3.96, P < 0.001), African grey parrots (ORadj = 6.74, P < 0.001), Lovebirds (ORadj = 6.79, P < 0.001) and Cockatoos (ORadj = 9.46, P < 0.001) than Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), and for young adults (ORadj = 1.81, P = 0.038) and adults (ORadj = 3.17, P < 0.001) than young birds, and for signs of separation anxiety (ORadj = 1.81, P < 0.001). Species, bird age and signs of separation anxiety were significantly higher risk factors for feather-damaging behavior than any other potential risk factors. Our findings, which include broad species diversity, are a good source of data for predicting risk factors for feather-damaging behavior and could be useful in preventing declines in welfare. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0254610 |
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Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk factors have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire survey on parrot owners throughout Japan to examine regional differences in feather-damaging behavior and associated risk factors. In total, 2,331 valid responses were obtained. The prevalence of feather-damaging behavior was 11.7%, in general agreement with prior studies. The highest prevalence was among Cockatoos (Cacatua spp., etc.; 30.6%), followed by Lovebirds (Agapornis spp.; 24.5%) and African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus; 23.7%). Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for potential risk factors and adjust the confounding of the variables. The odds of feather-damaging behavior were significantly higher for Conures (Aratinga spp., Pyrrhura spp., Thectocercus acuticaudatus, Cyanoliseus patagonus) (ORadj = 2.55, P = 0.005), Pacific parrotlets (Forpus coelestis) (ORadj = 3.96, P < 0.001), African grey parrots (ORadj = 6.74, P < 0.001), Lovebirds (ORadj = 6.79, P < 0.001) and Cockatoos (ORadj = 9.46, P < 0.001) than Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), and for young adults (ORadj = 1.81, P = 0.038) and adults (ORadj = 3.17, P < 0.001) than young birds, and for signs of separation anxiety (ORadj = 1.81, P < 0.001). Species, bird age and signs of separation anxiety were significantly higher risk factors for feather-damaging behavior than any other potential risk factors. Our findings, which include broad species diversity, are a good source of data for predicting risk factors for feather-damaging behavior and could be useful in preventing declines in welfare.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254610</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34260621</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Age ; Analysis ; Animal behavior ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Behavior, Animal - physiology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Bird Diseases - physiopathology ; Birds ; Birds - physiology ; Cacatua ; Case-Control Studies ; Cockatoos - physiology ; Damage assessment ; Feathers ; Food ; Health risks ; Japan ; Logistic Models ; Mathematical analysis ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Melopsittacus undulatus ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parrots ; Parrots - physiology ; People and Places ; Pets ; Polls & surveys ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Risk taking ; Separation ; Separation anxiety ; Social Sciences ; Species diversity ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-07, Vol.16 (7), p.e0254610-e0254610</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Ebisawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk factors have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire survey on parrot owners throughout Japan to examine regional differences in feather-damaging behavior and associated risk factors. In total, 2,331 valid responses were obtained. The prevalence of feather-damaging behavior was 11.7%, in general agreement with prior studies. The highest prevalence was among Cockatoos (Cacatua spp., etc.; 30.6%), followed by Lovebirds (Agapornis spp.; 24.5%) and African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus; 23.7%). Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for potential risk factors and adjust the confounding of the variables. 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Our findings, which include broad species diversity, are a good source of data for predicting risk factors for feather-damaging behavior and could be useful in preventing declines in welfare.]]></description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bird Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Birds - physiology</subject><subject>Cacatua</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cockatoos - physiology</subject><subject>Damage assessment</subject><subject>Feathers</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Melopsittacus undulatus</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Parrots</subject><subject>Parrots - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ebisawa, Kazumasa</au><au>Nakayama, Shunya</au><au>Pai, Chungyu</au><au>Kinoshita, Rie</au><au>Koie, Hiroshi</au><au>Olsson, I Anna S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and risk factors for feather-damaging behavior in psittacine birds: Analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-07-14</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0254610</spage><epage>e0254610</epage><pages>e0254610-e0254610</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[A case control study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of feather-damaging behavior and evaluate the correlation with risk factors among pet psittacine birds in Japan. Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk factors have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire survey on parrot owners throughout Japan to examine regional differences in feather-damaging behavior and associated risk factors. In total, 2,331 valid responses were obtained. The prevalence of feather-damaging behavior was 11.7%, in general agreement with prior studies. The highest prevalence was among Cockatoos (Cacatua spp., etc.; 30.6%), followed by Lovebirds (Agapornis spp.; 24.5%) and African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus; 23.7%). Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for potential risk factors and adjust the confounding of the variables. The odds of feather-damaging behavior were significantly higher for Conures (Aratinga spp., Pyrrhura spp., Thectocercus acuticaudatus, Cyanoliseus patagonus) (ORadj = 2.55, P = 0.005), Pacific parrotlets (Forpus coelestis) (ORadj = 3.96, P < 0.001), African grey parrots (ORadj = 6.74, P < 0.001), Lovebirds (ORadj = 6.79, P < 0.001) and Cockatoos (ORadj = 9.46, P < 0.001) than Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), and for young adults (ORadj = 1.81, P = 0.038) and adults (ORadj = 3.17, P < 0.001) than young birds, and for signs of separation anxiety (ORadj = 1.81, P < 0.001). Species, bird age and signs of separation anxiety were significantly higher risk factors for feather-damaging behavior than any other potential risk factors. Our findings, which include broad species diversity, are a good source of data for predicting risk factors for feather-damaging behavior and could be useful in preventing declines in welfare.]]></abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34260621</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0254610</doi><tpages>e0254610</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-8378</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6083-075X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2551564048 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adults Age Analysis Animal behavior Animals Anxiety Behavior, Animal - physiology Biology and Life Sciences Bird Diseases - physiopathology Birds Birds - physiology Cacatua Case-Control Studies Cockatoos - physiology Damage assessment Feathers Food Health risks Japan Logistic Models Mathematical analysis Medicine and Health Sciences Melopsittacus undulatus Multivariate Analysis Parrots Parrots - physiology People and Places Pets Polls & surveys Prevalence Questionnaires Research and Analysis Methods Risk analysis Risk Factors Risk taking Separation Separation anxiety Social Sciences Species diversity Young adults |
| title | Prevalence and risk factors for feather-damaging behavior in psittacine birds: Analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T00%3A29%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prevalence%20and%20risk%20factors%20for%20feather-damaging%20behavior%20in%20psittacine%20birds:%20Analysis%20of%20a%20Japanese%20nationwide%20survey&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Ebisawa,%20Kazumasa&rft.date=2021-07-14&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0254610&rft.epage=e0254610&rft.pages=e0254610-e0254610&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0254610&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA668504031%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2551564048&rft_id=info:pmid/34260621&rft_galeid=A668504031&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_2ebdfd99bdfa44ff9b39ef0d2192e334&rfr_iscdi=true |