Does co-inoculation of mycorrhiza and Piriformospora indica fungi enhance the efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence and essential oil composition in peppermint under irrigation with saline water from the Caspian Sea?
Symbiotic associations with endophytic fungi are ecologically important for medicinal and aromatic plants. Endophytic fungi highly affect the quantity and quality of herbal products. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to investigate the interactive effects of Piriformo...
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| description | Symbiotic associations with endophytic fungi are ecologically important for medicinal and aromatic plants. Endophytic fungi highly affect the quantity and quality of herbal products. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to investigate the interactive effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on the chlorophyll fluorescence, essential oil composition, and antioxidant enzymes of peppermint under saline condition. The results showed that Fo, YNPQ, YNO, and NPQ values were obviously increased under salinity conditions, while essential oil content, chlorophyll a and b, gs, Fm, Fv, ETR, [PHI]PSII and Fv/Fm ratio decreased by increasing salinity. In addition, salt induced the excess Na.sup.+ uptake, whereas the opposite trend was observed for P and K.sup.+ . The synergistic association of P. indica and AMF caused a considerable increase in the antioxidant ability, essential oil content, Fv/Fm ratio, [PHI]PSII, and amount of P and K.sup.+ uptake in salt-stressed plants. The main peppermint oil constituents, menthol, menthone, and 1,8-cineole increased considerably in inoculated plants. Besides, the applied endophytic fungi positively enhanced the ability of peppermint to alleviate the negative effect of the salinity stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0254076 |
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Endophytic fungi highly affect the quantity and quality of herbal products. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to investigate the interactive effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on the chlorophyll fluorescence, essential oil composition, and antioxidant enzymes of peppermint under saline condition. The results showed that Fo, YNPQ, YNO, and NPQ values were obviously increased under salinity conditions, while essential oil content, chlorophyll a and b, gs, Fm, Fv, ETR, [PHI]PSII and Fv/Fm ratio decreased by increasing salinity. In addition, salt induced the excess Na.sup.+ uptake, whereas the opposite trend was observed for P and K.sup.+ . The synergistic association of P. indica and AMF caused a considerable increase in the antioxidant ability, essential oil content, Fv/Fm ratio, [PHI]PSII, and amount of P and K.sup.+ uptake in salt-stressed plants. The main peppermint oil constituents, menthol, menthone, and 1,8-cineole increased considerably in inoculated plants. Besides, the applied endophytic fungi positively enhanced the ability of peppermint to alleviate the negative effect of the salinity stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254076</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34242262</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abiotic stress ; Agricultural biotechnology ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Agronomy ; Antioxidants ; Arbuscular mycorrhizas ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Biotechnology industry ; Chemical composition ; Chlorophyll ; Cineole ; Composition ; Efficiency ; Endophytes ; Environmental aspects ; Essential oils ; Factorial experiments ; Fluorescence ; Fungi ; Herbal medicine ; Inoculation ; Irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Medicinal plants ; Menthol ; Menthone ; Natural resources ; Oils & fats ; Peppermint ; Physical Sciences ; Physiology ; Piriformospora indica ; Plant resistance ; Potassium ; Saline water ; Salinity ; Salinity effects ; Salt ; Vegetables</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-07, Vol.16 (7), p.e0254076-e0254076</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Khalvandi et al. 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Endophytic fungi highly affect the quantity and quality of herbal products. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to investigate the interactive effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on the chlorophyll fluorescence, essential oil composition, and antioxidant enzymes of peppermint under saline condition. The results showed that Fo, YNPQ, YNO, and NPQ values were obviously increased under salinity conditions, while essential oil content, chlorophyll a and b, gs, Fm, Fv, ETR, [PHI]PSII and Fv/Fm ratio decreased by increasing salinity. In addition, salt induced the excess Na.sup.+ uptake, whereas the opposite trend was observed for P and K.sup.+ . The synergistic association of P. indica and AMF caused a considerable increase in the antioxidant ability, essential oil content, Fv/Fm ratio, [PHI]PSII, and amount of P and K.sup.+ uptake in salt-stressed plants. The main peppermint oil constituents, menthol, menthone, and 1,8-cineole increased considerably in inoculated plants. Besides, the applied endophytic fungi positively enhanced the ability of peppermint to alleviate the negative effect of the salinity stress.</description><subject>Abiotic stress</subject><subject>Agricultural biotechnology</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agronomy</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Arbuscular mycorrhizas</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Biotechnology industry</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chlorophyll</subject><subject>Cineole</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Endophytes</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Factorial experiments</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Herbal medicine</subject><subject>Inoculation</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Irrigation 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efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence and essential oil composition in peppermint under irrigation with saline water from the Caspian Sea?</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2021-07-09</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0254076</spage><epage>e0254076</epage><pages>e0254076-e0254076</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Symbiotic associations with endophytic fungi are ecologically important for medicinal and aromatic plants. Endophytic fungi highly affect the quantity and quality of herbal products. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to investigate the interactive effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on the chlorophyll fluorescence, essential oil composition, and antioxidant enzymes of peppermint under saline condition. The results showed that Fo, YNPQ, YNO, and NPQ values were obviously increased under salinity conditions, while essential oil content, chlorophyll a and b, gs, Fm, Fv, ETR, [PHI]PSII and Fv/Fm ratio decreased by increasing salinity. In addition, salt induced the excess Na.sup.+ uptake, whereas the opposite trend was observed for P and K.sup.+ . The synergistic association of P. indica and AMF caused a considerable increase in the antioxidant ability, essential oil content, Fv/Fm ratio, [PHI]PSII, and amount of P and K.sup.+ uptake in salt-stressed plants. The main peppermint oil constituents, menthol, menthone, and 1,8-cineole increased considerably in inoculated plants. Besides, the applied endophytic fungi positively enhanced the ability of peppermint to alleviate the negative effect of the salinity stress.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34242262</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0254076</doi><tpages>e0254076</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7317-2159</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abiotic stress Agricultural biotechnology Agricultural production Agriculture Agronomy Antioxidants Arbuscular mycorrhizas Biology and Life Sciences Biosynthesis Biotechnology industry Chemical composition Chlorophyll Cineole Composition Efficiency Endophytes Environmental aspects Essential oils Factorial experiments Fluorescence Fungi Herbal medicine Inoculation Irrigation Irrigation water Medicinal plants Menthol Menthone Natural resources Oils & fats Peppermint Physical Sciences Physiology Piriformospora indica Plant resistance Potassium Saline water Salinity Salinity effects Salt Vegetables |
| title | Does co-inoculation of mycorrhiza and Piriformospora indica fungi enhance the efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence and essential oil composition in peppermint under irrigation with saline water from the Caspian Sea? |
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