Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study
Carbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown. The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet qua...
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| description | Carbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown. The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality, and ii) model the impact of substituting carbohydrate foods that meet the proposed ratios in place of foods that do not, on nutrient intakes. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. National data from participants aged 2 years and older (n = 12,153). Ratios were defined as (i) simple ratio, 10:1 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber); (ii) modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber:[less than or equal to]2g free sugars); and (iii) dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber & [less than or equal to]2g free sugars per 1g dietary fiber). Ratios were compared to nutrient intakes obtained via automated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality calculated using the Australian Healthy Eating Index. Ratio adherence was highest for simple (50.2% adults; 28.6% children), followed by dual (40.6% adults; 21.7% children), then modified (32.7% adults; 18.6% children) ratios. Participants who met any ratio reported higher nutrient intake and diet quality compared to those who failed to meet the respective ratio (P < .001 for all), with the greatest nutrient intakes found for those who met modified or dual ratios. Dietary modelling improved nutrient intakes for all ratios, with the greatest improvement found for the dual ratio. All carbohydrate ratios were associated with higher diet quality, with a free sugars constraint in the dual ratio providing the greatest improvements. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0253582 |
| format | Article |
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The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality, and ii) model the impact of substituting carbohydrate foods that meet the proposed ratios in place of foods that do not, on nutrient intakes. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. National data from participants aged 2 years and older (n = 12,153). Ratios were defined as (i) simple ratio, 10:1 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber); (ii) modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber:[less than or equal to]2g free sugars); and (iii) dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber & [less than or equal to]2g free sugars per 1g dietary fiber). Ratios were compared to nutrient intakes obtained via automated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality calculated using the Australian Healthy Eating Index. Ratio adherence was highest for simple (50.2% adults; 28.6% children), followed by dual (40.6% adults; 21.7% children), then modified (32.7% adults; 18.6% children) ratios. Participants who met any ratio reported higher nutrient intake and diet quality compared to those who failed to meet the respective ratio (P < .001 for all), with the greatest nutrient intakes found for those who met modified or dual ratios. Dietary modelling improved nutrient intakes for all ratios, with the greatest improvement found for the dual ratio. All carbohydrate ratios were associated with higher diet quality, with a free sugars constraint in the dual ratio providing the greatest improvements.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253582</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34242252</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Carbohydrates ; Children ; Consent ; Cross-sectional studies ; Data analysis ; Diabetes ; Diet ; Dietary fiber ; Food ; Food intake ; Food quality ; Health aspects ; Health sciences ; Health surveys ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Modelling ; Nutrients ; Nutrition ; Nutrition research ; Physical activity ; Physical fitness ; Physical Sciences ; Public health ; Quality assessment ; Secondary analysis ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical analysis of data ; Sugar</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-07, Vol.16 (7), p.e0253582-e0253582</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Blumfield et al. 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Walid</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2021-07-09</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0253582</spage><epage>e0253582</epage><pages>e0253582-e0253582</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Carbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown. The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality, and ii) model the impact of substituting carbohydrate foods that meet the proposed ratios in place of foods that do not, on nutrient intakes. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. National data from participants aged 2 years and older (n = 12,153). Ratios were defined as (i) simple ratio, 10:1 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber); (ii) modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber:[less than or equal to]2g free sugars); and (iii) dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10g carbohydrate:[greater than or equal to]1g dietary fiber & [less than or equal to]2g free sugars per 1g dietary fiber). Ratios were compared to nutrient intakes obtained via automated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality calculated using the Australian Healthy Eating Index. Ratio adherence was highest for simple (50.2% adults; 28.6% children), followed by dual (40.6% adults; 21.7% children), then modified (32.7% adults; 18.6% children) ratios. Participants who met any ratio reported higher nutrient intake and diet quality compared to those who failed to meet the respective ratio (P < .001 for all), with the greatest nutrient intakes found for those who met modified or dual ratios. Dietary modelling improved nutrient intakes for all ratios, with the greatest improvement found for the dual ratio. All carbohydrate ratios were associated with higher diet quality, with a free sugars constraint in the dual ratio providing the greatest improvements.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34242252</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0253582</doi><tpages>e0253582</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2813-4727</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-4121</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adults Biology and Life Sciences Carbohydrates Children Consent Cross-sectional studies Data analysis Diabetes Diet Dietary fiber Food Food intake Food quality Health aspects Health sciences Health surveys Medicine and Health Sciences Modelling Nutrients Nutrition Nutrition research Physical activity Physical fitness Physical Sciences Public health Quality assessment Secondary analysis Statistical analysis Statistical analysis of data Sugar |
| title | Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-09T11%3A34%3A28IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Balanced%20carbohydrate%20ratios%20are%20associated%20with%20improved%20diet%20quality%20in%20Australia:%20A%20nationally%20representative%20cross-sectional%20study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Blumfield,%20Michelle&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0253582&rft.epage=e0253582&rft.pages=e0253582-e0253582&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0253582&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA667980256%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2549936684&rft_id=info:pmid/34242252&rft_galeid=A667980256&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_519afdf5f98c4faaa612719f946598a4&rfr_iscdi=true |