An inexpensive point-of-care immunochromatographic test for Talaromyces marneffei infection based on the yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin
Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes opportunistic systemic mycoses in patients with AIDS or other immunodeficiency syndromes. The purpose of this study was to develop an immunochromatographic strip test (ICT) based on a solid phase sandwich format immunoassay for the de...
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| creator | Pruksaphon, Kritsada Intaramat, Akarin Simsiriwong, Pavinee Mongkolsuk, Skorn Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi Nosanchuk, Joshua D Kaltsas, Anna Youngchim, Sirida |
| description | Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes opportunistic systemic mycoses in patients with AIDS or other immunodeficiency syndromes. The purpose of this study was to develop an immunochromatographic strip test (ICT) based on a solid phase sandwich format immunoassay for the detection of T. marneffei antigens in clinical urine specimens. The T. marneffei yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 (MAb4D1) conjugated with colloidal gold nanoparticle was used as a specific signal reporter. Galanthus nivalis Agglutinin (GNA) was adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane to serve as the test line. Similarly, a control line was created above the test line by immobilization of rabbit anti-mouse IgG. The immobilized GNA served as capturing molecule and as non-immune mediated anti-terminal mannose of T. marneffei antigenic mannoprotein. The MAb4D1-GNA based ICT showed specific binding activity with yeast phase antigen of T. marneffei, and it did not react with other common pathogenic fungal antigens. The limit of detection of this ICT for T. marneffei antigen spiked in normal urine was approximately 0.6 μg/ml. The diagnostic performance of the ICT was validated using 341 urine samples from patents with culture- confirmed T. marneffei infection and from a control group of healthy individuals and patients with other infections in an endemic area. The ICT exhibited 89.47% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97.65% accuracy. Our results demonstrate that the urine-based GNA-MAb4D1 based ICT produces a visual result within 30 minutes and that the test is highly specific for the diagnosis of T. marneffei infection. The findings validate the deployment of the ICT for clinical use. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009058 |
| format | Article |
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The purpose of this study was to develop an immunochromatographic strip test (ICT) based on a solid phase sandwich format immunoassay for the detection of T. marneffei antigens in clinical urine specimens. The T. marneffei yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 (MAb4D1) conjugated with colloidal gold nanoparticle was used as a specific signal reporter. Galanthus nivalis Agglutinin (GNA) was adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane to serve as the test line. Similarly, a control line was created above the test line by immobilization of rabbit anti-mouse IgG. The immobilized GNA served as capturing molecule and as non-immune mediated anti-terminal mannose of T. marneffei antigenic mannoprotein. The MAb4D1-GNA based ICT showed specific binding activity with yeast phase antigen of T. marneffei, and it did not react with other common pathogenic fungal antigens. The limit of detection of this ICT for T. marneffei antigen spiked in normal urine was approximately 0.6 μg/ml. The diagnostic performance of the ICT was validated using 341 urine samples from patents with culture- confirmed T. marneffei infection and from a control group of healthy individuals and patients with other infections in an endemic area. The ICT exhibited 89.47% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97.65% accuracy. Our results demonstrate that the urine-based GNA-MAb4D1 based ICT produces a visual result within 30 minutes and that the test is highly specific for the diagnosis of T. marneffei infection. The findings validate the deployment of the ICT for clinical use.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009058</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33945531</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology ; Antigens ; Antigens, Fungal - urine ; Antigens, Surface - urine ; Beads ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Centrifugation ; Centrifuging ; Chromatography ; Diagnosis ; Dilution ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods ; Ethics ; Fungal antigens ; Glass ballotini ; Gold Colloid - chemistry ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Identification and classification ; IgG antibody ; Immunoassay - methods ; Immunoglobulin G ; Incubation period ; Infections ; Laboratories ; Lectins ; Limit of Detection ; Mannose-Binding Lectin - immunology ; Mannose-Binding Lectins - immunology ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry ; Methods ; Minimum inhibitory concentration ; Molecular diagnostic techniques ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Mycoses ; Mycoses - diagnosis ; Neglected Diseases - diagnosis ; Neglected Diseases - microbiology ; Pathogens ; Physical Sciences ; Plant Lectins - immunology ; Point-of-Care Testing ; Proteins ; Reaction plates ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Research ethics ; Room temperature ; Talaromyces - immunology ; Talaromyces - isolation & purification ; Therapy ; Tropical diseases ; Yeast ; Yeasts</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021-05, Vol.15 (5), p.e0009058-e0009058</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Pruksaphon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Pruksaphon et al 2021 Pruksaphon et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-551867c1c8b545eebbb9f9b5e0dba2f4558d5442609c390864e9ae7d5ef81ed83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-551867c1c8b545eebbb9f9b5e0dba2f4558d5442609c390864e9ae7d5ef81ed83</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0517-0530 ; 0000-0001-9013-0543 ; 0000-0002-1391-7163 ; 0000-0001-9905-5754</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8096094/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8096094/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79472,79473</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33945531$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Le, Thuy</contributor><creatorcontrib>Pruksaphon, Kritsada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Intaramat, Akarin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simsiriwong, Pavinee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mongkolsuk, Skorn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nosanchuk, Joshua D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaltsas, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Youngchim, Sirida</creatorcontrib><title>An inexpensive point-of-care immunochromatographic test for Talaromyces marneffei infection based on the yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes opportunistic systemic mycoses in patients with AIDS or other immunodeficiency syndromes. The purpose of this study was to develop an immunochromatographic strip test (ICT) based on a solid phase sandwich format immunoassay for the detection of T. marneffei antigens in clinical urine specimens. The T. marneffei yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 (MAb4D1) conjugated with colloidal gold nanoparticle was used as a specific signal reporter. Galanthus nivalis Agglutinin (GNA) was adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane to serve as the test line. Similarly, a control line was created above the test line by immobilization of rabbit anti-mouse IgG. The immobilized GNA served as capturing molecule and as non-immune mediated anti-terminal mannose of T. marneffei antigenic mannoprotein. The MAb4D1-GNA based ICT showed specific binding activity with yeast phase antigen of T. marneffei, and it did not react with other common pathogenic fungal antigens. The limit of detection of this ICT for T. marneffei antigen spiked in normal urine was approximately 0.6 μg/ml. The diagnostic performance of the ICT was validated using 341 urine samples from patents with culture- confirmed T. marneffei infection and from a control group of healthy individuals and patients with other infections in an endemic area. The ICT exhibited 89.47% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97.65% accuracy. Our results demonstrate that the urine-based GNA-MAb4D1 based ICT produces a visual result within 30 minutes and that the test is highly specific for the diagnosis of T. marneffei infection. The findings validate the deployment of the ICT for clinical use.</description><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Antigens, Fungal - urine</subject><subject>Antigens, Surface - urine</subject><subject>Beads</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Centrifugation</subject><subject>Centrifuging</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Dilution</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Fungal antigens</subject><subject>Glass ballotini</subject><subject>Gold Colloid - chemistry</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>IgG antibody</subject><subject>Immunoassay - methods</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Incubation period</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lectins</subject><subject>Limit of Detection</subject><subject>Mannose-Binding Lectin - immunology</subject><subject>Mannose-Binding Lectins - immunology</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Minimum inhibitory concentration</subject><subject>Molecular diagnostic techniques</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Mycoses</subject><subject>Mycoses - diagnosis</subject><subject>Neglected Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Neglected Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Plant Lectins - immunology</subject><subject>Point-of-Care Testing</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Reaction plates</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Research ethics</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>Talaromyces - immunology</subject><subject>Talaromyces - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Therapy</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Yeast</subject><subject>Yeasts</subject><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><issn>1935-2735</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptU8Fu1DAQjRCIlsIfILCEhLjs4sRxYl8qVQVKpUpcytlynPHGVWKH2FmxP8b3MaHbahdVkRJn_N4bzxtPlr3N6Tpndf75LsyT1_169KldU0ol5eJZdppLxldFzfjzg_VJ9irGO0q55CJ_mZ0wJkvOWX6a_bnwxHn4PYKPbgtkDM6nVbAroycgbhhmH0w3hUGnsJn02DlDEsREbJjIre41bu0MRDLoyYO14FDOgkkueNLoCC3BReqA7EAjbewwRuIIxlmUGgLK9wHrINon14R2R8ovOf605ArVfermSLzb6t5Fojebfk7OO_86e2F1H-HN_nuW_fz29fby--rmx9X15cXNylRFmVac56KqTW5Ew0sO0DSNtLLhQNtGFxY9EC0vy6Ki0jBJRVWC1FC3HKzIoRXsLHt_rzv2Iaq95VEVvMwFr0tWIeL6HtEGfafGyaEROxW0U_8CYdooPSVnelBG87pqDL5kVTIjhJaVFI0VklrNmyXb-T7b3AzQGvBp0v2R6PGOd53ahK0SVGIJJQp82gtM4deMbVKDiwZ6NBLCvJy7KJis60Ii9MN_0Ker26M2GgvAzgbMaxZRdVFVTHLK6IJaP4HCp4XBmYD3wmH8iPDxgNCB7lMXw9Lb4OMxsLwHminEOIF9NCOnahmDh1OrZQzUfgyQ9u7QyEfSw71nfwFmsgjb</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Pruksaphon, Kritsada</creator><creator>Intaramat, Akarin</creator><creator>Simsiriwong, Pavinee</creator><creator>Mongkolsuk, Skorn</creator><creator>Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi</creator><creator>Nosanchuk, Joshua D</creator><creator>Kaltsas, Anna</creator><creator>Youngchim, Sirida</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-0530</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-0543</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-7163</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-5754</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>An inexpensive point-of-care immunochromatographic test for Talaromyces marneffei infection based on the yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin</title><author>Pruksaphon, Kritsada ; Intaramat, Akarin ; Simsiriwong, Pavinee ; Mongkolsuk, Skorn ; Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi ; Nosanchuk, Joshua D ; Kaltsas, Anna ; Youngchim, Sirida</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-551867c1c8b545eebbb9f9b5e0dba2f4558d5442609c390864e9ae7d5ef81ed83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Antigens, Fungal - urine</topic><topic>Antigens, Surface - urine</topic><topic>Beads</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Centrifugation</topic><topic>Centrifuging</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Dilution</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods</topic><topic>Ethics</topic><topic>Fungal antigens</topic><topic>Glass ballotini</topic><topic>Gold Colloid - chemistry</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>IgG antibody</topic><topic>Immunoassay - methods</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Incubation period</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lectins</topic><topic>Limit of Detection</topic><topic>Mannose-Binding Lectin - immunology</topic><topic>Mannose-Binding Lectins - immunology</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Minimum inhibitory concentration</topic><topic>Molecular diagnostic techniques</topic><topic>Monoclonal antibodies</topic><topic>Mycoses</topic><topic>Mycoses - diagnosis</topic><topic>Neglected Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Neglected Diseases - microbiology</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Plant Lectins - immunology</topic><topic>Point-of-Care Testing</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Reaction plates</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Research ethics</topic><topic>Room temperature</topic><topic>Talaromyces - immunology</topic><topic>Talaromyces - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Therapy</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>Yeast</topic><topic>Yeasts</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pruksaphon, Kritsada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Intaramat, Akarin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simsiriwong, Pavinee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mongkolsuk, Skorn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nosanchuk, Joshua D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaltsas, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Youngchim, Sirida</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - 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The purpose of this study was to develop an immunochromatographic strip test (ICT) based on a solid phase sandwich format immunoassay for the detection of T. marneffei antigens in clinical urine specimens. The T. marneffei yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 (MAb4D1) conjugated with colloidal gold nanoparticle was used as a specific signal reporter. Galanthus nivalis Agglutinin (GNA) was adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane to serve as the test line. Similarly, a control line was created above the test line by immobilization of rabbit anti-mouse IgG. The immobilized GNA served as capturing molecule and as non-immune mediated anti-terminal mannose of T. marneffei antigenic mannoprotein. The MAb4D1-GNA based ICT showed specific binding activity with yeast phase antigen of T. marneffei, and it did not react with other common pathogenic fungal antigens. The limit of detection of this ICT for T. marneffei antigen spiked in normal urine was approximately 0.6 μg/ml. The diagnostic performance of the ICT was validated using 341 urine samples from patents with culture- confirmed T. marneffei infection and from a control group of healthy individuals and patients with other infections in an endemic area. The ICT exhibited 89.47% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97.65% accuracy. Our results demonstrate that the urine-based GNA-MAb4D1 based ICT produces a visual result within 30 minutes and that the test is highly specific for the diagnosis of T. marneffei infection. The findings validate the deployment of the ICT for clinical use.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33945531</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0009058</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-0530</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-0543</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-7163</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-5754</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021-05, Vol.15 (5), p.e0009058-e0009058 |
| issn | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2541857436 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology Antigens Antigens, Fungal - urine Antigens, Surface - urine Beads Biology and Life Sciences Centrifugation Centrifuging Chromatography Diagnosis Dilution Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods Ethics Fungal antigens Glass ballotini Gold Colloid - chemistry Health aspects Humans Identification and classification IgG antibody Immunoassay - methods Immunoglobulin G Incubation period Infections Laboratories Lectins Limit of Detection Mannose-Binding Lectin - immunology Mannose-Binding Lectins - immunology Medical sciences Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration Molecular diagnostic techniques Monoclonal antibodies Mycoses Mycoses - diagnosis Neglected Diseases - diagnosis Neglected Diseases - microbiology Pathogens Physical Sciences Plant Lectins - immunology Point-of-Care Testing Proteins Reaction plates Research and Analysis Methods Research ethics Room temperature Talaromyces - immunology Talaromyces - isolation & purification Therapy Tropical diseases Yeast Yeasts |
| title | An inexpensive point-of-care immunochromatographic test for Talaromyces marneffei infection based on the yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-08T00%3A11%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An%20inexpensive%20point-of-care%20immunochromatographic%20test%20for%20Talaromyces%20marneffei%20infection%20based%20on%20the%20yeast%20phase%20specific%20monoclonal%20antibody%204D1%20and%20Galanthus%20nivalis%20agglutinin&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20neglected%20tropical%20diseases&rft.au=Pruksaphon,%20Kritsada&rft.date=2021-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0009058&rft.epage=e0009058&rft.pages=e0009058-e0009058&rft.issn=1935-2735&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009058&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA663950306%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2541857436&rft_id=info:pmid/33945531&rft_galeid=A663950306&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_ca576bc5769643c88a9698bf890fa5b8&rfr_iscdi=true |