Khat and neurobehavioral functions: A systematic review
Khat is a plant that is used for its amphetamine-like stimulant properties. However, although khat is very popular in Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East, there is still a lack of studies researching the possible neurobehavioral impairment derived from khat use. A systematic revie...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-06, Vol.16 (6), p.e0252900-e0252900 |
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| description | Khat is a plant that is used for its amphetamine-like stimulant properties. However, although khat is very popular in Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East, there is still a lack of studies researching the possible neurobehavioral impairment derived from khat use. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that assessed the effects of khat use on neurobehavioral functions. MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Open Grey literature were searched for relevant publications from inception to December 2020. Search terms included (a) khat and (b) several cognitive domains. References from relevant publications and grey literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. A total of 142 articles were reviewed, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria (nine human and five rodent studies). Available human studies suggest that long term khat use is associated with significant deficits in several cognitive domains, including learning, motor speed/coordination, set-shifting/response inhibition functions, cognitive flexibility, short term/working memory, and conflict resolution. In addition, rodent studies indicated daily administration of khat extract resulted in dose-related impairments in behavior such as motor hyperactivity and decreased cognition, mainly learning and memory. The findings presented in this review indicates that long-term khat use may be contributing to an impairment of neurobehavioral functions. However, gaps in literature were detected that future studies could potentially address to better understand the health consequences of khat use. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0252900 |
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However, although khat is very popular in Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East, there is still a lack of studies researching the possible neurobehavioral impairment derived from khat use. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that assessed the effects of khat use on neurobehavioral functions. MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Open Grey literature were searched for relevant publications from inception to December 2020. Search terms included (a) khat and (b) several cognitive domains. References from relevant publications and grey literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. A total of 142 articles were reviewed, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria (nine human and five rodent studies). Available human studies suggest that long term khat use is associated with significant deficits in several cognitive domains, including learning, motor speed/coordination, set-shifting/response inhibition functions, cognitive flexibility, short term/working memory, and conflict resolution. In addition, rodent studies indicated daily administration of khat extract resulted in dose-related impairments in behavior such as motor hyperactivity and decreased cognition, mainly learning and memory. The findings presented in this review indicates that long-term khat use may be contributing to an impairment of neurobehavioral functions. However, gaps in literature were detected that future studies could potentially address to better understand the health consequences of khat use.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252900</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34111184</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amphetamines ; Analysis ; Animal models ; Bias ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cognition ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognitive ability ; Flexibility ; Human acts ; Human behavior ; Inhibition (psychology) ; Learning ; Long-term effects ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Memory ; Neurophysiology ; Problem solving ; Psychological aspects ; Qat ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Reviews ; Rodents ; Short term memory ; Social interactions ; Social Sciences ; Systematic review ; Visual discrimination learning</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-06, Vol.16 (6), p.e0252900-e0252900</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Ahmed et al. 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Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Ahmed et al 2021 Ahmed et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-c648c958ecb2d7b8ec324559f513597a7569e6a2fd1f70b8a607622da4e1b7663</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-c648c958ecb2d7b8ec324559f513597a7569e6a2fd1f70b8a607622da4e1b7663</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0046-8020 ; 0000-0001-8922-8498</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8192015/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8192015/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Ayan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz, Manuel J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen Kadosh, Kathrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patton, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Resurrección, Davinia M</creatorcontrib><title>Khat and neurobehavioral functions: A systematic review</title><title>PloS one</title><description>Khat is a plant that is used for its amphetamine-like stimulant properties. However, although khat is very popular in Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East, there is still a lack of studies researching the possible neurobehavioral impairment derived from khat use. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that assessed the effects of khat use on neurobehavioral functions. MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Open Grey literature were searched for relevant publications from inception to December 2020. Search terms included (a) khat and (b) several cognitive domains. References from relevant publications and grey literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. A total of 142 articles were reviewed, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria (nine human and five rodent studies). 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However, gaps in literature were detected that future studies could potentially address to better understand the health consequences of khat use.</description><subject>Amphetamines</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Human acts</subject><subject>Human behavior</subject><subject>Inhibition (psychology)</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Long-term effects</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Neurophysiology</subject><subject>Problem solving</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Qat</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Short term memory</subject><subject>Social 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However, although khat is very popular in Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East, there is still a lack of studies researching the possible neurobehavioral impairment derived from khat use. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that assessed the effects of khat use on neurobehavioral functions. MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Open Grey literature were searched for relevant publications from inception to December 2020. Search terms included (a) khat and (b) several cognitive domains. References from relevant publications and grey literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. A total of 142 articles were reviewed, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria (nine human and five rodent studies). Available human studies suggest that long term khat use is associated with significant deficits in several cognitive domains, including learning, motor speed/coordination, set-shifting/response inhibition functions, cognitive flexibility, short term/working memory, and conflict resolution. In addition, rodent studies indicated daily administration of khat extract resulted in dose-related impairments in behavior such as motor hyperactivity and decreased cognition, mainly learning and memory. The findings presented in this review indicates that long-term khat use may be contributing to an impairment of neurobehavioral functions. 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| subjects | Amphetamines Analysis Animal models Bias Biology and Life Sciences Cognition Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Flexibility Human acts Human behavior Inhibition (psychology) Learning Long-term effects Medicine and Health Sciences Memory Neurophysiology Problem solving Psychological aspects Qat Research and Analysis Methods Reviews Rodents Short term memory Social interactions Social Sciences Systematic review Visual discrimination learning |
| title | Khat and neurobehavioral functions: A systematic review |
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