Soft soled footwear has limited impact on toddler gait
The development of walking in young toddlers is an important motor milestone. Walking patterns can differ widely amongst toddlers, and are characterised by unique biomechanical strategies. This makes comparisons between newly walking toddler's and older children's walking difficult. Little...
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| description | The development of walking in young toddlers is an important motor milestone. Walking patterns can differ widely amongst toddlers, and are characterised by unique biomechanical strategies. This makes comparisons between newly walking toddler's and older children's walking difficult. Little is currently understood regarding the effects of footwear on the gait in newly walking toddlers. A quasi-experimental pre-post study design was used to assess whether spatiotemporal parameters of gait, and in-shoe foot and lower limb kinematics, differed when walking barefoot and in soft-soled footwear in newly walking toddlers. There were 18 toddlers recruited, with 14 undergoing testing. The GAITRite system collected spatial and temporal data. The Vicon camera system collected kinematic data. The testing conditions included barefoot and footwear. Footwear tested was a commercially available soft soled shoe (Bobux XPLORER). Data was extracted directly from the GAITRite system and analysed. Walking in footwear did not change spatial or temporal data, however there were small but significant decreases in hip adduction/abduction range of motion (mean difference (MD) = 1.79°, 95% CI = -3.51 to -0.07, p = 0.04), knee flexion (MD = -7.63°, 95% CI = 2.70 to 12.55, p = 0.01), and knee flexion/extension range of movement (MD = 6.25°, 95% CI = -10.49 to -2.01, p = 0.01), and an increase in subtalar joint eversion (MD = 2.85°, 95% CI = 5.29 to -0.41, p = 0.03). Effect sizes were small for hip and ankle range, peak knee extension, and subtalar joint ranges (d |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0251175 |
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Walking patterns can differ widely amongst toddlers, and are characterised by unique biomechanical strategies. This makes comparisons between newly walking toddler's and older children's walking difficult. Little is currently understood regarding the effects of footwear on the gait in newly walking toddlers. A quasi-experimental pre-post study design was used to assess whether spatiotemporal parameters of gait, and in-shoe foot and lower limb kinematics, differed when walking barefoot and in soft-soled footwear in newly walking toddlers. There were 18 toddlers recruited, with 14 undergoing testing. The GAITRite system collected spatial and temporal data. The Vicon camera system collected kinematic data. The testing conditions included barefoot and footwear. Footwear tested was a commercially available soft soled shoe (Bobux XPLORER). Data was extracted directly from the GAITRite system and analysed. Walking in footwear did not change spatial or temporal data, however there were small but significant decreases in hip adduction/abduction range of motion (mean difference (MD) = 1.79°, 95% CI = -3.51 to -0.07, p = 0.04), knee flexion (MD = -7.63°, 95% CI = 2.70 to 12.55, p = 0.01), and knee flexion/extension range of movement (MD = 6.25°, 95% CI = -10.49 to -2.01, p = 0.01), and an increase in subtalar joint eversion (MD = 2.85°, 95% CI = 5.29 to -0.41, p = 0.03). Effect sizes were small for hip and ankle range, peak knee extension, and subtalar joint ranges (d<0.49), medium for knee flexion/extension range (d = 0.75) and large for peak knee flexion (d = 0.87). The magnitude of kinematic changes with soft-soled footwear were small thus the clinical importance of these findings is uncertain. Future longitudinal studies are needed to develop recommendations regarding footwear for newly walking toddlers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251175</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33970926</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomechanics ; Children ; Computer programs ; Demographic aspects ; Dentistry ; Drafting software ; Editing ; Feet ; Flexibility ; Footwear ; Funding ; Gait ; Health care ; Health sciences ; Kinematics ; Laboratories ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methodology ; Nurses ; Nursing ; Parents ; Parents & parenting ; People and Places ; Physical Sciences ; Physical therapy ; Physiological aspects ; Reviews ; Shoes & boots ; Social networks ; Software ; Sports medicine ; Toddlers ; Walking</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-05, Vol.16 (5), p.e0251175-e0251175</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Williams et al. 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Walking patterns can differ widely amongst toddlers, and are characterised by unique biomechanical strategies. This makes comparisons between newly walking toddler's and older children's walking difficult. Little is currently understood regarding the effects of footwear on the gait in newly walking toddlers. A quasi-experimental pre-post study design was used to assess whether spatiotemporal parameters of gait, and in-shoe foot and lower limb kinematics, differed when walking barefoot and in soft-soled footwear in newly walking toddlers. There were 18 toddlers recruited, with 14 undergoing testing. The GAITRite system collected spatial and temporal data. The Vicon camera system collected kinematic data. The testing conditions included barefoot and footwear. Footwear tested was a commercially available soft soled shoe (Bobux XPLORER). Data was extracted directly from the GAITRite system and analysed. 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Future longitudinal studies are needed to develop recommendations regarding footwear for newly walking toddlers.</description><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomechanics</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Computer programs</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Drafting software</subject><subject>Editing</subject><subject>Feet</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Footwear</subject><subject>Funding</subject><subject>Gait</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Kinematics</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methodology</subject><subject>Nurses</subject><subject>Nursing</subject><subject>Parents</subject><subject>Parents & parenting</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physical therapy</subject><subject>Physiological 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Walking patterns can differ widely amongst toddlers, and are characterised by unique biomechanical strategies. This makes comparisons between newly walking toddler's and older children's walking difficult. Little is currently understood regarding the effects of footwear on the gait in newly walking toddlers. A quasi-experimental pre-post study design was used to assess whether spatiotemporal parameters of gait, and in-shoe foot and lower limb kinematics, differed when walking barefoot and in soft-soled footwear in newly walking toddlers. There were 18 toddlers recruited, with 14 undergoing testing. The GAITRite system collected spatial and temporal data. The Vicon camera system collected kinematic data. The testing conditions included barefoot and footwear. Footwear tested was a commercially available soft soled shoe (Bobux XPLORER). Data was extracted directly from the GAITRite system and analysed. Walking in footwear did not change spatial or temporal data, however there were small but significant decreases in hip adduction/abduction range of motion (mean difference (MD) = 1.79°, 95% CI = -3.51 to -0.07, p = 0.04), knee flexion (MD = -7.63°, 95% CI = 2.70 to 12.55, p = 0.01), and knee flexion/extension range of movement (MD = 6.25°, 95% CI = -10.49 to -2.01, p = 0.01), and an increase in subtalar joint eversion (MD = 2.85°, 95% CI = 5.29 to -0.41, p = 0.03). Effect sizes were small for hip and ankle range, peak knee extension, and subtalar joint ranges (d<0.49), medium for knee flexion/extension range (d = 0.75) and large for peak knee flexion (d = 0.87). The magnitude of kinematic changes with soft-soled footwear were small thus the clinical importance of these findings is uncertain. Future longitudinal studies are needed to develop recommendations regarding footwear for newly walking toddlers.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33970926</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0251175</doi><tpages>e0251175</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-9141</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biology and Life Sciences Biomechanics Children Computer programs Demographic aspects Dentistry Drafting software Editing Feet Flexibility Footwear Funding Gait Health care Health sciences Kinematics Laboratories Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Methodology Nurses Nursing Parents Parents & parenting People and Places Physical Sciences Physical therapy Physiological aspects Reviews Shoes & boots Social networks Software Sports medicine Toddlers Walking |
| title | Soft soled footwear has limited impact on toddler gait |
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