Blow fly stable isotopes reveal larval diet: A case study in community level anthropogenic effects
Response to human impacts on the environment are typically initiated too late to remediate negative consequences. We present the novel use of stable isotope analysis (SIA) of blow flies to determine human influences on vertebrate communities in a range of human-inhabited environments, from a pristin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-04, Vol.16 (4), p.e0249422-e0249422 |
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| creator | Owings, Charity G Gilhooly, 3rd, William P Picard, Christine J |
| description | Response to human impacts on the environment are typically initiated too late to remediate negative consequences. We present the novel use of stable isotope analysis (SIA) of blow flies to determine human influences on vertebrate communities in a range of human-inhabited environments, from a pristine national park to a dense metropolitan area. The refrain "you are what you eat" applies to the dietary isotope record of all living organisms, and for carrion-breeding blow flies, this translates to the type of carcasses present in an environment. Specifically, we show that carnivore carcasses make up a large proportion of the adult fly's prior larval diet, which contrasts to what has been reportedly previously for the wild adult fly diet (which consists of mostly herbivore resources). Additionally, we reveal the potential impact of human food on carcasses that were fed on by blow flies, underscoring the human influences on wild animal populations. Our results demonstrate that using SIA in conjunction with other methods (e.g., DNA analysis of flies) can reveal a comprehensive snapshot of the vertebrate community in a terrestrial ecosystem. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0249422 |
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We present the novel use of stable isotope analysis (SIA) of blow flies to determine human influences on vertebrate communities in a range of human-inhabited environments, from a pristine national park to a dense metropolitan area. The refrain "you are what you eat" applies to the dietary isotope record of all living organisms, and for carrion-breeding blow flies, this translates to the type of carcasses present in an environment. Specifically, we show that carnivore carcasses make up a large proportion of the adult fly's prior larval diet, which contrasts to what has been reportedly previously for the wild adult fly diet (which consists of mostly herbivore resources). Additionally, we reveal the potential impact of human food on carcasses that were fed on by blow flies, underscoring the human influences on wild animal populations. Our results demonstrate that using SIA in conjunction with other methods (e.g., DNA analysis of flies) can reveal a comprehensive snapshot of the vertebrate community in a terrestrial ecosystem.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249422</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33852607</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Algae ; Amino acids ; Analysis ; Animal tissues ; Animals ; Anthropogenic factors ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blowflies ; Calliphoridae - growth & development ; Calliphoridae - physiology ; Cameras ; Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon isotopes ; Carcasses ; Case reports ; Climate change ; Climate effects ; Community structure ; Consumers ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Developmental stages ; Diet ; DNA ; Ecology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem assessment ; Ecosystem biology ; Ecosystems ; Environmental changes ; Environmental impact ; Feces ; Food Chain ; Food chains ; Food webs ; Fractionation ; Global climate ; Human influences ; Isotope composition ; Isotope fractionation ; Isotope Labeling ; Isotopes ; Larva - physiology ; Larvae ; Larval development ; Life cycle analysis ; Life cycles ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mitigation ; Nitrogen ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton ; Puparia ; Pupation ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Stable isotopes ; Surveillance ; Trophic levels ; Vertebrates</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-04, Vol.16 (4), p.e0249422-e0249422</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Owings et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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We present the novel use of stable isotope analysis (SIA) of blow flies to determine human influences on vertebrate communities in a range of human-inhabited environments, from a pristine national park to a dense metropolitan area. The refrain "you are what you eat" applies to the dietary isotope record of all living organisms, and for carrion-breeding blow flies, this translates to the type of carcasses present in an environment. Specifically, we show that carnivore carcasses make up a large proportion of the adult fly's prior larval diet, which contrasts to what has been reportedly previously for the wild adult fly diet (which consists of mostly herbivore resources). Additionally, we reveal the potential impact of human food on carcasses that were fed on by blow flies, underscoring the human influences on wild animal populations. Our results demonstrate that using SIA in conjunction with other methods (e.g., DNA analysis of flies) can reveal a comprehensive snapshot of the vertebrate community in a terrestrial ecosystem.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal tissues</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blowflies</subject><subject>Calliphoridae - growth & development</subject><subject>Calliphoridae - physiology</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon isotopes</subject><subject>Carcasses</subject><subject>Case reports</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate effects</subject><subject>Community structure</subject><subject>Consumers</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem assessment</subject><subject>Ecosystem biology</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Food Chain</subject><subject>Food chains</subject><subject>Food webs</subject><subject>Fractionation</subject><subject>Global climate</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Isotope composition</subject><subject>Isotope fractionation</subject><subject>Isotope Labeling</subject><subject>Isotopes</subject><subject>Larva - physiology</subject><subject>Larvae</subject><subject>Larval development</subject><subject>Life cycle analysis</subject><subject>Life cycles</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mitigation</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Phytoplankton</subject><subject>Puparia</subject><subject>Pupation</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Stable isotopes</subject><subject>Surveillance</subject><subject>Trophic levels</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk0tv1DAQxyMEoqXwDRBEQkJw2MWvODYHpKXiUalSJV5Xa-I4u1458TZ2Fvbb4-2m1Qb1gHwYy_7NfzzjmSx7jtEc0xK_W_uh78DNN74zc0SYZIQ8yE6xpGTGCaIPj_Yn2ZMQ1ggVVHD-ODuhVBSEo_I0qz46_ztv3C4PESpncht89BsT8t5sDbjcQb9NprYmvs8XuYZgEjrUu9x2ufZtO3Q27nKXaJdDF1e93_il6azOTdMYHcPT7FEDLphnoz3Lfn7-9OP86-zy6svF-eJyprkkcVZViEMpRSEkEFEwKiuNcXpoiRGX2lRNLSqJRUMlg4rIGgqGK8pKAQZh4PQse3nQ3Tgf1FieoEiBSZkqIVkiLg5E7WGtNr1tod8pD1bdHPh-qaCPVjujsCkZoww4q4BVFEtAvNFYkqJsGpCQtD6M0YaqNbU2XezBTUSnN51dqaXfKoEYJ0QkgTejQO-vBxOiam3QxjnojB9u3k1J-lMhE_rqH_T-7EZqCSkB2zU-xdV7UbXghWCYlbhI1PweKq3atFanXmpsOp84vJ04JCaaP3EJQwjq4vu3_2evfk3Z10fsKvVaXAXvhmh9F6YgO4C69yH0prkrMkZqPwq31VD7UVDjKCS3F8cfdOd02_v0Lw_cAzY</recordid><startdate>20210414</startdate><enddate>20210414</enddate><creator>Owings, Charity G</creator><creator>Gilhooly, 3rd, William P</creator><creator>Picard, Christine J</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-4725</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-5571</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210414</creationdate><title>Blow fly stable isotopes reveal larval diet: A case study in community level anthropogenic effects</title><author>Owings, Charity G ; Gilhooly, 3rd, William P ; Picard, Christine J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-bb06a798589a285439bc1138571069cebfd8b918f394ab29da541b3478ae01a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animal tissues</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Blowflies</topic><topic>Calliphoridae - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Owings, Charity G</au><au>Gilhooly, 3rd, William P</au><au>Picard, Christine J</au><au>Medina Guerrero, Antonio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Blow fly stable isotopes reveal larval diet: A case study in community level anthropogenic effects</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-04-14</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0249422</spage><epage>e0249422</epage><pages>e0249422-e0249422</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Response to human impacts on the environment are typically initiated too late to remediate negative consequences. We present the novel use of stable isotope analysis (SIA) of blow flies to determine human influences on vertebrate communities in a range of human-inhabited environments, from a pristine national park to a dense metropolitan area. The refrain "you are what you eat" applies to the dietary isotope record of all living organisms, and for carrion-breeding blow flies, this translates to the type of carcasses present in an environment. Specifically, we show that carnivore carcasses make up a large proportion of the adult fly's prior larval diet, which contrasts to what has been reportedly previously for the wild adult fly diet (which consists of mostly herbivore resources). Additionally, we reveal the potential impact of human food on carcasses that were fed on by blow flies, underscoring the human influences on wild animal populations. Our results demonstrate that using SIA in conjunction with other methods (e.g., DNA analysis of flies) can reveal a comprehensive snapshot of the vertebrate community in a terrestrial ecosystem.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33852607</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0249422</doi><tpages>e0249422</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-4725</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-5571</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Algae Amino acids Analysis Animal tissues Animals Anthropogenic factors Biology Biology and Life Sciences Blowflies Calliphoridae - growth & development Calliphoridae - physiology Cameras Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon isotopes Carcasses Case reports Climate change Climate effects Community structure Consumers Deoxyribonucleic acid Developmental stages Diet DNA Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem assessment Ecosystem biology Ecosystems Environmental changes Environmental impact Feces Food Chain Food chains Food webs Fractionation Global climate Human influences Isotope composition Isotope fractionation Isotope Labeling Isotopes Larva - physiology Larvae Larval development Life cycle analysis Life cycles Medicine and Health Sciences Mitigation Nitrogen Photosynthesis Phytoplankton Puparia Pupation Research and Analysis Methods Stable isotopes Surveillance Trophic levels Vertebrates |
| title | Blow fly stable isotopes reveal larval diet: A case study in community level anthropogenic effects |
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