Waist circumference and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as markers of cardiometabolic risk in Kenyan adults
Abdominal obesity predict metabolic syndrome parameters at low levels of waist circumference (WC) in Africans. At the same time, the African lipid profile phenotype of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol without concomitant elevated triglyceride levels renders high triglyceride levels det...
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| description | Abdominal obesity predict metabolic syndrome parameters at low levels of waist circumference (WC) in Africans. At the same time, the African lipid profile phenotype of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol without concomitant elevated triglyceride levels renders high triglyceride levels detrimental to cardiometabolic health unsuitable for identifying cardiometabolic risk in black African populations.
We aimed to identify simple clinical measures for cardiometabolic risk based on WC and HDL in an adult Kenyan population in order to determine which of the two predictors had the strongest impact.
We used linear regression analyses to assess the association between the two exposure variables WC and HDL with cardiometabolic risk factors including ultrasound-derived visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) accumulation, fasting and 2-h venous glucose, fasting insulin, fasting lipid profile, and blood pressure in adult Kenyans (n = 1 370), and a sub-population with hyperglycaemia (diabetes and pre-diabetes) (n = 196). The same analyses were performed with an interaction between WC and HDL to address potential effect modification. Ultrasound-based, semi-quantitative hepatic steatosis assessment was used as a high-risk measure of cardiometabolic disease.
Mean age was 38.2 (SD 10.7) (range 17-68) years, mean body mass index was 22.3 (SD 4.5) (range 13.0-44.8) kg/m2, and 57.8% were women. Cardiometabolic risk was found in the association between both WC and HDL and all outcome variables (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0247600 |
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We aimed to identify simple clinical measures for cardiometabolic risk based on WC and HDL in an adult Kenyan population in order to determine which of the two predictors had the strongest impact.
We used linear regression analyses to assess the association between the two exposure variables WC and HDL with cardiometabolic risk factors including ultrasound-derived visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) accumulation, fasting and 2-h venous glucose, fasting insulin, fasting lipid profile, and blood pressure in adult Kenyans (n = 1 370), and a sub-population with hyperglycaemia (diabetes and pre-diabetes) (n = 196). The same analyses were performed with an interaction between WC and HDL to address potential effect modification. Ultrasound-based, semi-quantitative hepatic steatosis assessment was used as a high-risk measure of cardiometabolic disease.
Mean age was 38.2 (SD 10.7) (range 17-68) years, mean body mass index was 22.3 (SD 4.5) (range 13.0-44.8) kg/m2, and 57.8% were women. Cardiometabolic risk was found in the association between both WC and HDL and all outcome variables (p<0.05) except for HDL and SAT, fasting and 2-h venous glucose. Additive cardiometabolic risk (WC and HDL interaction) was found for SAT, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. No differences in the association between WC and HDL and the outcome variables were found when comparing the full study population and the hyperglycaemia sub-population. Increase in WC and HDL were both associated with hepatic steatosis (OR 1.09, p<0.001, and OR 0.46, p = 0.031, respectively).
In adult Kenyans, increasing WC identified more cardiometabolic risk factors compared to HDL.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247600</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33630976</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Biochemistry ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood pressure ; Body composition ; Body size ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Complications and side effects ; Density ; Diabetes ; Editing ; Glucose ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; High density lipoprotein ; Immunoassay ; Infectious diseases ; Insulin ; Lipids ; Lipoproteins ; Markers ; Medical research ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Men ; Meta-analysis ; Metabolic diseases ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolism ; Methodology ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Nutrition ; Obesity ; Phenotypes ; Plasma ; Population ; Public health ; Regression analysis ; Reviews ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Rural areas ; Sports ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Values ; Visualization ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-02, Vol.16 (2), p.e0247600-e0247600</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Faurholt-Jepsen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Faurholt-Jepsen et al 2021 Faurholt-Jepsen et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-d232d7cfcac02633d4f8f128cd09a8185f426673d6361f3f3b5ec111df64977e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8561-0155 ; 0000-0003-2142-522X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7906307/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7906307/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33630976$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Pucci, Giacomo</contributor><creatorcontrib>Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friis, Henrik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mwaniki, David L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boit, Michael K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaduka, Lydia U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tetens, Inge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christensen, Dirk L</creatorcontrib><title>Waist circumference and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as markers of cardiometabolic risk in Kenyan adults</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Abdominal obesity predict metabolic syndrome parameters at low levels of waist circumference (WC) in Africans. At the same time, the African lipid profile phenotype of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol without concomitant elevated triglyceride levels renders high triglyceride levels detrimental to cardiometabolic health unsuitable for identifying cardiometabolic risk in black African populations.
We aimed to identify simple clinical measures for cardiometabolic risk based on WC and HDL in an adult Kenyan population in order to determine which of the two predictors had the strongest impact.
We used linear regression analyses to assess the association between the two exposure variables WC and HDL with cardiometabolic risk factors including ultrasound-derived visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) accumulation, fasting and 2-h venous glucose, fasting insulin, fasting lipid profile, and blood pressure in adult Kenyans (n = 1 370), and a sub-population with hyperglycaemia (diabetes and pre-diabetes) (n = 196). The same analyses were performed with an interaction between WC and HDL to address potential effect modification. Ultrasound-based, semi-quantitative hepatic steatosis assessment was used as a high-risk measure of cardiometabolic disease.
Mean age was 38.2 (SD 10.7) (range 17-68) years, mean body mass index was 22.3 (SD 4.5) (range 13.0-44.8) kg/m2, and 57.8% were women. Cardiometabolic risk was found in the association between both WC and HDL and all outcome variables (p<0.05) except for HDL and SAT, fasting and 2-h venous glucose. Additive cardiometabolic risk (WC and HDL interaction) was found for SAT, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. No differences in the association between WC and HDL and the outcome variables were found when comparing the full study population and the hyperglycaemia sub-population. Increase in WC and HDL were both associated with hepatic steatosis (OR 1.09, p<0.001, and OR 0.46, p = 0.031, respectively).
In adult Kenyans, increasing WC identified more cardiometabolic risk factors compared to HDL.</description><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol, HDL</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Editing</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Immunoassay</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipoproteins</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Metabolic diseases</subject><subject>Metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Methodology</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Sports</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Values</subject><subject>Visualization</subject><subject>Womens 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circumference and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as markers of cardiometabolic risk in Kenyan adults</title><author>Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel ; Friis, Henrik ; Mwaniki, David L ; Boit, Michael K ; Kaduka, Lydia U ; Tetens, Inge ; Christensen, Dirk L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-d232d7cfcac02633d4f8f128cd09a8185f426673d6361f3f3b5ec111df64977e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol, HDL</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Editing</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>High density 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel</au><au>Friis, Henrik</au><au>Mwaniki, David L</au><au>Boit, Michael K</au><au>Kaduka, Lydia U</au><au>Tetens, Inge</au><au>Christensen, Dirk L</au><au>Pucci, Giacomo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Waist circumference and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as markers of cardiometabolic risk in Kenyan adults</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-02-25</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0247600</spage><epage>e0247600</epage><pages>e0247600-e0247600</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Abdominal obesity predict metabolic syndrome parameters at low levels of waist circumference (WC) in Africans. At the same time, the African lipid profile phenotype of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol without concomitant elevated triglyceride levels renders high triglyceride levels detrimental to cardiometabolic health unsuitable for identifying cardiometabolic risk in black African populations.
We aimed to identify simple clinical measures for cardiometabolic risk based on WC and HDL in an adult Kenyan population in order to determine which of the two predictors had the strongest impact.
We used linear regression analyses to assess the association between the two exposure variables WC and HDL with cardiometabolic risk factors including ultrasound-derived visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) accumulation, fasting and 2-h venous glucose, fasting insulin, fasting lipid profile, and blood pressure in adult Kenyans (n = 1 370), and a sub-population with hyperglycaemia (diabetes and pre-diabetes) (n = 196). The same analyses were performed with an interaction between WC and HDL to address potential effect modification. Ultrasound-based, semi-quantitative hepatic steatosis assessment was used as a high-risk measure of cardiometabolic disease.
Mean age was 38.2 (SD 10.7) (range 17-68) years, mean body mass index was 22.3 (SD 4.5) (range 13.0-44.8) kg/m2, and 57.8% were women. Cardiometabolic risk was found in the association between both WC and HDL and all outcome variables (p<0.05) except for HDL and SAT, fasting and 2-h venous glucose. Additive cardiometabolic risk (WC and HDL interaction) was found for SAT, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. No differences in the association between WC and HDL and the outcome variables were found when comparing the full study population and the hyperglycaemia sub-population. Increase in WC and HDL were both associated with hepatic steatosis (OR 1.09, p<0.001, and OR 0.46, p = 0.031, respectively).
In adult Kenyans, increasing WC identified more cardiometabolic risk factors compared to HDL.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33630976</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0247600</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-0155</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2142-522X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Biochemistry Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure Body composition Body size Cardiovascular diseases Cholesterol Cholesterol, HDL Complications and side effects Density Diabetes Editing Glucose Health aspects Health risks High density lipoprotein Immunoassay Infectious diseases Insulin Lipids Lipoproteins Markers Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Men Meta-analysis Metabolic diseases Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolism Methodology Minority & ethnic groups Nutrition Obesity Phenotypes Plasma Population Public health Regression analysis Reviews Risk analysis Risk factors Rural areas Sports Triglycerides Ultrasonic imaging Values Visualization Womens health |
| title | Waist circumference and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as markers of cardiometabolic risk in Kenyan adults |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T06%3A50%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Waist%20circumference%20and%20low%20high-density%20lipoprotein%20cholesterol%20as%20markers%20of%20cardiometabolic%20risk%20in%20Kenyan%20adults&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Faurholt-Jepsen,%20Daniel&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0247600&rft.epage=e0247600&rft.pages=e0247600-e0247600&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0247600&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA653037885%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2493461831&rft_id=info:pmid/33630976&rft_galeid=A653037885&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_857d89ceff074f1193fa22e074c7ed24&rfr_iscdi=true |