Association between depressive symptoms and objective/subjective socioeconomic status among older adults of two regions in Myanmar
Low objective socioeconomic status (SES) has been correlated with poor physical and mental health among older adults. Some studies suggest that subjective SES is also important for ensuring sound physical and mental health among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of...
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| creator | Sasaki, Yuri Shobugawa, Yugo Nozaki, Ikuma Takagi, Daisuke Nagamine, Yuiko Funato, Masafumi Chihara, Yuki Shirakura, Yuki Lwin, Kay Thi Zin, Poe Ei Bo, Thae Zarchi Sone, Tomofumi Win, Hla Hla |
| description | Low objective socioeconomic status (SES) has been correlated with poor physical and mental health among older adults. Some studies suggest that subjective SES is also important for ensuring sound physical and mental health among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of both objective and subjective SES on mental health among older adults. This study examines whether objective or subjective SES is associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in Myanmar. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from two regions of Myanmar, for face-to-face interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Participants were classified as having no depressive symptom (GDS score |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0245489 |
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Some studies suggest that subjective SES is also important for ensuring sound physical and mental health among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of both objective and subjective SES on mental health among older adults. This study examines whether objective or subjective SES is associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in Myanmar. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from two regions of Myanmar, for face-to-face interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Participants were classified as having no depressive symptom (GDS score <5) and having depressive symptoms (GDS score ≥5). Objective and subjective SES were assessed using the wealth index and asking participants a multiple-choice question about their current financial situation, respectively. The relationship between objective/subjective SES and depressive symptoms was examined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the 1,186 participants aged 60 years and above was 69.7 (SD: 7.3), and 706 (59.5%) were female. Among them, 265 (22.3%) had depressive symptoms. After adjusting for objective SES and other covariates, only low subjective SES was positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 4.18, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.98-5.87). This association was stronger among participants in the rural areas (urban areas, AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.08-4.05; rural areas, AOR: 5.65, 95% CI: 3.69-8.64). Subjective SES has a stronger association with depressive symptoms than objective SES, among older adults of the two regions in Myanmar, especially in the rural areas. Interventions for depression in older adults should consider regional differences in the context of subjective SES by reducing socioeconomic disparities among the communities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245489</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33507963</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Aged ; Dementia ; Demographic aspects ; Depression, Mental ; Diagnosis ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Health services ; Life satisfaction ; Low income groups ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mental depression ; Mental health ; Mental health services ; Objectives ; Older people ; People and Places ; Population ; Primary care ; Psychological aspects ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Risk factors ; Rural areas ; Social classes ; Social interactions ; Social Sciences ; Social status ; Socioeconomic factors ; Socioeconomic status ; Socioeconomics ; University graduates ; Urban areas</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-01, Vol.16 (1), p.e0245489-e0245489</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Sasaki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Some studies suggest that subjective SES is also important for ensuring sound physical and mental health among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of both objective and subjective SES on mental health among older adults. This study examines whether objective or subjective SES is associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in Myanmar. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from two regions of Myanmar, for face-to-face interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Participants were classified as having no depressive symptom (GDS score <5) and having depressive symptoms (GDS score ≥5). Objective and subjective SES were assessed using the wealth index and asking participants a multiple-choice question about their current financial situation, respectively. The relationship between objective/subjective SES and depressive symptoms was examined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the 1,186 participants aged 60 years and above was 69.7 (SD: 7.3), and 706 (59.5%) were female. Among them, 265 (22.3%) had depressive symptoms. After adjusting for objective SES and other covariates, only low subjective SES was positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 4.18, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.98-5.87). This association was stronger among participants in the rural areas (urban areas, AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.08-4.05; rural areas, AOR: 5.65, 95% CI: 3.69-8.64). Subjective SES has a stronger association with depressive symptoms than objective SES, among older adults of the two regions in Myanmar, especially in the rural areas. Interventions for depression in older adults should consider regional differences in the context of subjective SES by reducing socioeconomic disparities among the communities.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Dementia</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Depression, Mental</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Life satisfaction</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mental health services</subject><subject>Objectives</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Primary care</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Risk 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One</addtitle><date>2021-01-28</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0245489</spage><epage>e0245489</epage><pages>e0245489-e0245489</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Low objective socioeconomic status (SES) has been correlated with poor physical and mental health among older adults. Some studies suggest that subjective SES is also important for ensuring sound physical and mental health among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of both objective and subjective SES on mental health among older adults. This study examines whether objective or subjective SES is associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in Myanmar. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from two regions of Myanmar, for face-to-face interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Participants were classified as having no depressive symptom (GDS score <5) and having depressive symptoms (GDS score ≥5). Objective and subjective SES were assessed using the wealth index and asking participants a multiple-choice question about their current financial situation, respectively. The relationship between objective/subjective SES and depressive symptoms was examined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the 1,186 participants aged 60 years and above was 69.7 (SD: 7.3), and 706 (59.5%) were female. Among them, 265 (22.3%) had depressive symptoms. After adjusting for objective SES and other covariates, only low subjective SES was positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 4.18, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.98-5.87). This association was stronger among participants in the rural areas (urban areas, AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.08-4.05; rural areas, AOR: 5.65, 95% CI: 3.69-8.64). Subjective SES has a stronger association with depressive symptoms than objective SES, among older adults of the two regions in Myanmar, especially in the rural areas. Interventions for depression in older adults should consider regional differences in the context of subjective SES by reducing socioeconomic disparities among the communities.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33507963</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0245489</doi><tpages>e0245489</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-7001</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Sociological Abstracts |
| subjects | Adults Aged Dementia Demographic aspects Depression, Mental Diagnosis Health aspects Health care Health services Life satisfaction Low income groups Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Mental depression Mental health Mental health services Objectives Older people People and Places Population Primary care Psychological aspects Public health Questionnaires Risk factors Rural areas Social classes Social interactions Social Sciences Social status Socioeconomic factors Socioeconomic status Socioeconomics University graduates Urban areas |
| title | Association between depressive symptoms and objective/subjective socioeconomic status among older adults of two regions in Myanmar |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T19%3A53%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Association%20between%20depressive%20symptoms%20and%20objective/subjective%20socioeconomic%20status%20among%20older%20adults%20of%20two%20regions%20in%20Myanmar&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Sasaki,%20Yuri&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e0245489&rft.epage=e0245489&rft.pages=e0245489-e0245489&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0245489&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA649941950%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2482650796&rft_id=info:pmid/33507963&rft_galeid=A649941950&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_b86167d08d27415394ffee13cecf7fc0&rfr_iscdi=true |