The effects of exposure to pyriproxyfen and predation on Zika virus infection and transmission in Aedes aegypti
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause global public health threats. In the absence of effective antiviral medications, prevention measures rely largely on reducing the number of adult mosquito vectors by targeting juvenile stages. Despite the importance of juvenile...
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| description | Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause global public health threats. In the absence of effective antiviral medications, prevention measures rely largely on reducing the number of adult mosquito vectors by targeting juvenile stages. Despite the importance of juvenile mosquito control measures in reducing adult population size, a full understanding of the effects of these measures in determining mosquito phenotypic traits and in mosquito-arbovirus interactions is poorly understood. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that primarily blocks adult emergence, but does not cause mortality in larvae. This mechanism has the potential to work in combination with other juvenile sources of mortality in nature such as predation to affect mosquito populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on Aedes aegypti phenotypes including susceptibility to ZIKV infection and transmission. We discovered that combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to higher inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti than observed in pyriproxyfen or Tx. rutilus treatments alone. Adult body size was larger in treatments containing Tx. rutilus and in treatments mimicking the daily mortality of predation compared to control or pyriproxyfen treatments. Susceptibility to infection with ZIKV in Ae. aegypti was reduced in predator treatment relative to those exposed to pyriproxyfen. Disseminated infection, transmission, and titers of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti were similar in all treatments relative to controls. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus can inhibit adult Ae. aegypti emergence but may confer a fitness advantage in survivors and does not inhibit their vector competence for ZIKV relative to controls. Understanding the ultimate consequences of juvenile mosquito control measures on subsequent adults' ability to transmit pathogens is critical to fully understand their overall impacts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008846 |
| format | Article |
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In the absence of effective antiviral medications, prevention measures rely largely on reducing the number of adult mosquito vectors by targeting juvenile stages. Despite the importance of juvenile mosquito control measures in reducing adult population size, a full understanding of the effects of these measures in determining mosquito phenotypic traits and in mosquito-arbovirus interactions is poorly understood. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that primarily blocks adult emergence, but does not cause mortality in larvae. This mechanism has the potential to work in combination with other juvenile sources of mortality in nature such as predation to affect mosquito populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on Aedes aegypti phenotypes including susceptibility to ZIKV infection and transmission. We discovered that combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to higher inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti than observed in pyriproxyfen or Tx. rutilus treatments alone. Adult body size was larger in treatments containing Tx. rutilus and in treatments mimicking the daily mortality of predation compared to control or pyriproxyfen treatments. Susceptibility to infection with ZIKV in Ae. aegypti was reduced in predator treatment relative to those exposed to pyriproxyfen. Disseminated infection, transmission, and titers of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti were similar in all treatments relative to controls. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus can inhibit adult Ae. aegypti emergence but may confer a fitness advantage in survivors and does not inhibit their vector competence for ZIKV relative to controls. Understanding the ultimate consequences of juvenile mosquito control measures on subsequent adults' ability to transmit pathogens is critical to fully understand their overall impacts.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008846</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33201875</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Aedes - drug effects ; Aedes - genetics ; Aedes - virology ; Aedes aegypti ; Animals ; Antiviral agents ; Aquatic insects ; Babies ; Biology and life sciences ; Cannibalism ; Complications ; Cotton ; Cups ; Desiccation ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Eggs ; Environmental conditions ; Fertility ; Freshwater fishes ; Genetic Fitness ; Guillain-Barre syndrome ; Health risks ; Humans ; Infections ; Inflammation ; Insect control ; Insecticides ; Insecticides - pharmacology ; Interspecific relationships ; Laboratories ; Larvae ; Macaca mulatta ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microcephaly ; Microencephaly ; Mortality ; Mosquito Vectors - drug effects ; Mosquito Vectors - virology ; Mosquitoes ; Neurological complications ; Oviposition ; Pathogens ; Polyneuropathy ; Predation ; Predatory Behavior - physiology ; Public health ; Pyridines - pharmacology ; Pyriproxyfen ; Serum ; Sucrose ; Sugar ; Symptoms ; Transmission ; Trays ; Tropical diseases ; Vaccines ; Vector-borne diseases ; Vectors ; Viral infections ; Viral Load ; Viruses ; Zika virus ; Zika Virus - growth & development ; Zika Virus Infection - prevention & control ; Zika Virus Infection - transmission</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e0008846</ispartof><rights>2020 Alomar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Alomar et al 2020 Alomar et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-ed7487bd5aad6ddd556b17b51eef167fa0b584bfd4b43a2e5f696631190acacc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-ed7487bd5aad6ddd556b17b51eef167fa0b584bfd4b43a2e5f696631190acacc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7054-2081 ; 0000-0002-8708-1442</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7707533/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7707533/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33201875$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Donald, Claire</contributor><creatorcontrib>Alomar, Abdullah A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eastmond, Bradley H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alto, Barry W</creatorcontrib><title>The effects of exposure to pyriproxyfen and predation on Zika virus infection and transmission in Aedes aegypti</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause global public health threats. In the absence of effective antiviral medications, prevention measures rely largely on reducing the number of adult mosquito vectors by targeting juvenile stages. Despite the importance of juvenile mosquito control measures in reducing adult population size, a full understanding of the effects of these measures in determining mosquito phenotypic traits and in mosquito-arbovirus interactions is poorly understood. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that primarily blocks adult emergence, but does not cause mortality in larvae. This mechanism has the potential to work in combination with other juvenile sources of mortality in nature such as predation to affect mosquito populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on Aedes aegypti phenotypes including susceptibility to ZIKV infection and transmission. We discovered that combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to higher inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti than observed in pyriproxyfen or Tx. rutilus treatments alone. Adult body size was larger in treatments containing Tx. rutilus and in treatments mimicking the daily mortality of predation compared to control or pyriproxyfen treatments. Susceptibility to infection with ZIKV in Ae. aegypti was reduced in predator treatment relative to those exposed to pyriproxyfen. Disseminated infection, transmission, and titers of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti were similar in all treatments relative to controls. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus can inhibit adult Ae. aegypti emergence but may confer a fitness advantage in survivors and does not inhibit their vector competence for ZIKV relative to controls. Understanding the ultimate consequences of juvenile mosquito control measures on subsequent adults' ability to transmit pathogens is critical to fully understand their overall impacts.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aedes - drug effects</subject><subject>Aedes - genetics</subject><subject>Aedes - virology</subject><subject>Aedes aegypti</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Cannibalism</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Cotton</subject><subject>Cups</subject><subject>Desiccation</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Eggs</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Freshwater fishes</subject><subject>Genetic Fitness</subject><subject>Guillain-Barre syndrome</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Insect control</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Insecticides - 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growth & development</subject><subject>Zika Virus Infection - prevention & control</subject><subject>Zika Virus Infection - transmission</subject><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><issn>1935-2735</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UsFq3DAQNaUlSZP8QWkFPe9WsiTLvhRCSNtAoJf0kosYS6ONtl7JleyQ_fvaXSckh8KAhqf33gzDK4oPjK4ZV-zLNo4pQLfuw2DXlNK6FtWb4oQ1XK5KxeXbF_1x8T7nLaWykTU7Ko45LymrlTwp4u09EnQOzZBJdAQf-5jHhGSIpN8n36f4uHcYCARL-oQWBh8DmerO_wby4NOYiQ-zfsZn1pAg5J3PeQZ8IBdoMRPAzb4f_FnxzkGX8Xx5T4tf365uL3-sbn5-v768uFkZWVbDCq0StWqtBLCVtVbKqmWqlQzRsUo5oK2sReusaAWHEqWrmqrijDUUDBjDT4tPB9--i1kvt8q6FKoRqlRKTIzrA8NG2Oo--R2kvY7g9T8gpo2GNHjToWZNI6GiDdaMCWZkbWpXNmiNYIAlzF5fl2lju5twDNMRulemr3-Cv9eb-KCVokpyPhl8XgxS_DNiHv6zsjiwTIo5J3TPExjVcyieVHoOhV5CMck-vtzuWfSUAv4XSGC4xQ</recordid><startdate>20201101</startdate><enddate>20201101</enddate><creator>Alomar, Abdullah A</creator><creator>Eastmond, Bradley H</creator><creator>Alto, Barry W</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7054-2081</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-1442</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201101</creationdate><title>The effects of exposure to pyriproxyfen and predation on Zika virus infection and transmission in Aedes aegypti</title><author>Alomar, Abdullah A ; Eastmond, Bradley H ; Alto, Barry W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-ed7487bd5aad6ddd556b17b51eef167fa0b584bfd4b43a2e5f696631190acacc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aedes - drug effects</topic><topic>Aedes - genetics</topic><topic>Aedes - virology</topic><topic>Aedes aegypti</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Aquatic insects</topic><topic>Babies</topic><topic>Biology and life sciences</topic><topic>Cannibalism</topic><topic>Complications</topic><topic>Cotton</topic><topic>Cups</topic><topic>Desiccation</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Eggs</topic><topic>Environmental conditions</topic><topic>Fertility</topic><topic>Freshwater fishes</topic><topic>Genetic Fitness</topic><topic>Guillain-Barre syndrome</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Insect control</topic><topic>Insecticides</topic><topic>Insecticides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Interspecific relationships</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Larvae</topic><topic>Macaca mulatta</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Microcephaly</topic><topic>Microencephaly</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mosquito Vectors - 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In the absence of effective antiviral medications, prevention measures rely largely on reducing the number of adult mosquito vectors by targeting juvenile stages. Despite the importance of juvenile mosquito control measures in reducing adult population size, a full understanding of the effects of these measures in determining mosquito phenotypic traits and in mosquito-arbovirus interactions is poorly understood. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that primarily blocks adult emergence, but does not cause mortality in larvae. This mechanism has the potential to work in combination with other juvenile sources of mortality in nature such as predation to affect mosquito populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on Aedes aegypti phenotypes including susceptibility to ZIKV infection and transmission. We discovered that combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to higher inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti than observed in pyriproxyfen or Tx. rutilus treatments alone. Adult body size was larger in treatments containing Tx. rutilus and in treatments mimicking the daily mortality of predation compared to control or pyriproxyfen treatments. Susceptibility to infection with ZIKV in Ae. aegypti was reduced in predator treatment relative to those exposed to pyriproxyfen. Disseminated infection, transmission, and titers of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti were similar in all treatments relative to controls. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus can inhibit adult Ae. aegypti emergence but may confer a fitness advantage in survivors and does not inhibit their vector competence for ZIKV relative to controls. Understanding the ultimate consequences of juvenile mosquito control measures on subsequent adults' ability to transmit pathogens is critical to fully understand their overall impacts.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33201875</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0008846</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7054-2081</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-1442</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e0008846 |
| issn | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2479472774 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adults Aedes - drug effects Aedes - genetics Aedes - virology Aedes aegypti Animals Antiviral agents Aquatic insects Babies Biology and life sciences Cannibalism Complications Cotton Cups Desiccation Ecology and Environmental Sciences Eggs Environmental conditions Fertility Freshwater fishes Genetic Fitness Guillain-Barre syndrome Health risks Humans Infections Inflammation Insect control Insecticides Insecticides - pharmacology Interspecific relationships Laboratories Larvae Macaca mulatta Medicine and Health Sciences Microcephaly Microencephaly Mortality Mosquito Vectors - drug effects Mosquito Vectors - virology Mosquitoes Neurological complications Oviposition Pathogens Polyneuropathy Predation Predatory Behavior - physiology Public health Pyridines - pharmacology Pyriproxyfen Serum Sucrose Sugar Symptoms Transmission Trays Tropical diseases Vaccines Vector-borne diseases Vectors Viral infections Viral Load Viruses Zika virus Zika Virus - growth & development Zika Virus Infection - prevention & control Zika Virus Infection - transmission |
| title | The effects of exposure to pyriproxyfen and predation on Zika virus infection and transmission in Aedes aegypti |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-02T12%3A01%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20effects%20of%20exposure%20to%20pyriproxyfen%20and%20predation%20on%20Zika%20virus%20infection%20and%20transmission%20in%20Aedes%20aegypti&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20neglected%20tropical%20diseases&rft.au=Alomar,%20Abdullah%20A&rft.date=2020-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e0008846&rft.pages=e0008846-&rft.issn=1935-2735&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008846&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E2479472774%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2479472774&rft_id=info:pmid/33201875&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_1995a609e81141c58c8f29edc41ae2a4&rfr_iscdi=true |