Study of the thermal regime of a reservoir on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region has unique meteorological characteristics, with low air temperature, low air pressure, low humidity, little precipitation, and strong diurnal variation. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic CE-QUAL-W2 model was configured for the Pangduo Reservoir to better understand th...
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| description | The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region has unique meteorological characteristics, with low air temperature, low air pressure, low humidity, little precipitation, and strong diurnal variation. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic CE-QUAL-W2 model was configured for the Pangduo Reservoir to better understand the thermal structure and diurnal variation inside the reservoir under the local climate and hydrological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Observation data were used to verify the model, and the results showed that the average error of the 6 profile measured monthly from August to December 2016 was 0.1°C, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.173°C. The water temperature from August 2016 to September 2017 was simulated by inputting measured data as model inputs. The results revealed that the reservoir of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was a typical dimictic reservoir and the water mixed vertically at the end of March and the end of October. During the heating period, thermal stratification occurred, with strong diurnal variation in the epilimnion. The mean variance of the diurnal water temperature was 0.10 within a 5 m water depth but 0.04 in the whole water column. The mixing mode of inflow changed from undercurrent, horizontal-invaded flow and surface layer flow in one day. In winter, the diurnal variation was weak due to the thermal protection of the ice cover, while the mean variance of diurnal water temperature was 0.00 within both 5 m and the whole water column. Compared to reservoirs in areas with low altitude but the same latitude, significant differences occurred between the temperature structure of the low-altitude reservoir and the Pangduo Reservoir (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0243198 |
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A two-dimensional hydrodynamic CE-QUAL-W2 model was configured for the Pangduo Reservoir to better understand the thermal structure and diurnal variation inside the reservoir under the local climate and hydrological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Observation data were used to verify the model, and the results showed that the average error of the 6 profile measured monthly from August to December 2016 was 0.1°C, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.173°C. The water temperature from August 2016 to September 2017 was simulated by inputting measured data as model inputs. The results revealed that the reservoir of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was a typical dimictic reservoir and the water mixed vertically at the end of March and the end of October. During the heating period, thermal stratification occurred, with strong diurnal variation in the epilimnion. The mean variance of the diurnal water temperature was 0.10 within a 5 m water depth but 0.04 in the whole water column. The mixing mode of inflow changed from undercurrent, horizontal-invaded flow and surface layer flow in one day. In winter, the diurnal variation was weak due to the thermal protection of the ice cover, while the mean variance of diurnal water temperature was 0.00 within both 5 m and the whole water column. Compared to reservoirs in areas with low altitude but the same latitude, significant differences occurred between the temperature structure of the low-altitude reservoir and the Pangduo Reservoir (P<0.01). The Pangduo Reservoir presented a shorter stratification period and weaker stratification stability, and the annual average SI value was 26.4 kg/m2, which was only 7.5% that of the low-altitude reservoir. The seasonal changes in the net heat flux received by the surface layers determined the seasonal cycle of stratification and mixing in reservoirs. This study provided a scientific understanding of the thermal changes in stratified reservoirs under the special geographical and meteorological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Moreover, this model can serve as a reference for adaptive management of similar dimictic reservoirs in cold and high-altitude areas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243198</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33347489</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptive management ; Air temperature ; Altitude ; Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Climate change ; Cooling ; Diurnal cycles (Earth sciences) ; Diurnal variations ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Engineering ; Environmental aspects ; Epilimnion ; Error analysis ; Flow velocity ; Heat ; Heat flux ; High altitude ; High-altitude environments ; Humidity ; Hydraulics ; Hydrology ; Ice cover ; Laboratories ; Lakes ; Local climates ; Low altitude ; Low humidity ; Low temperature ; Meteorological conditions ; Physical Sciences ; Precipitation ; Reservoir management ; Reservoirs ; Rivers ; Root-mean-square errors ; Seasonal variations ; Social Sciences ; Surface boundary layer ; Surface layers ; Surface water ; Temperature structure ; Thermal pollution ; Thermal properties ; Thermal protection ; Thermal stratification ; Two dimensional models ; Undercurrents ; Water circulation ; Water column ; Water depth ; Water quality ; Water stratification ; Water temperature</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-12, Vol.15 (12), p.e0243198-e0243198</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Yang et al 2020 Yang et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-27e8fee93d600b0e2c4c2b2b37fbfedfc1e2ef152b59a2446341f9686899fc7f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-27e8fee93d600b0e2c4c2b2b37fbfedfc1e2ef152b59a2446341f9686899fc7f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3118-5231</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7751983/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7751983/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33347489$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Sun, NING</contributor><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yanjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Yun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuo, Youcai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Tianfu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Min</creatorcontrib><title>Study of the thermal regime of a reservoir on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region has unique meteorological characteristics, with low air temperature, low air pressure, low humidity, little precipitation, and strong diurnal variation. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic CE-QUAL-W2 model was configured for the Pangduo Reservoir to better understand the thermal structure and diurnal variation inside the reservoir under the local climate and hydrological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Observation data were used to verify the model, and the results showed that the average error of the 6 profile measured monthly from August to December 2016 was 0.1°C, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.173°C. The water temperature from August 2016 to September 2017 was simulated by inputting measured data as model inputs. The results revealed that the reservoir of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was a typical dimictic reservoir and the water mixed vertically at the end of March and the end of October. During the heating period, thermal stratification occurred, with strong diurnal variation in the epilimnion. The mean variance of the diurnal water temperature was 0.10 within a 5 m water depth but 0.04 in the whole water column. The mixing mode of inflow changed from undercurrent, horizontal-invaded flow and surface layer flow in one day. In winter, the diurnal variation was weak due to the thermal protection of the ice cover, while the mean variance of diurnal water temperature was 0.00 within both 5 m and the whole water column. Compared to reservoirs in areas with low altitude but the same latitude, significant differences occurred between the temperature structure of the low-altitude reservoir and the Pangduo Reservoir (P<0.01). The Pangduo Reservoir presented a shorter stratification period and weaker stratification stability, and the annual average SI value was 26.4 kg/m2, which was only 7.5% that of the low-altitude reservoir. The seasonal changes in the net heat flux received by the surface layers determined the seasonal cycle of stratification and mixing in reservoirs. This study provided a scientific understanding of the thermal changes in stratified reservoirs under the special geographical and meteorological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Moreover, this model can serve as a reference for adaptive management of similar dimictic reservoirs in cold and high-altitude areas.</description><subject>Adaptive management</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Diurnal cycles (Earth sciences)</subject><subject>Diurnal variations</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Epilimnion</subject><subject>Error analysis</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat flux</subject><subject>High altitude</subject><subject>High-altitude environments</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Hydraulics</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Ice 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yang, Yanjing</au><au>Deng, Yun</au><au>Tuo, Youcai</au><au>Li, Jia</au><au>He, Tianfu</au><au>Chen, Min</au><au>Sun, NING</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Study of the thermal regime of a reservoir on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-12-21</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0243198</spage><epage>e0243198</epage><pages>e0243198-e0243198</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region has unique meteorological characteristics, with low air temperature, low air pressure, low humidity, little precipitation, and strong diurnal variation. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic CE-QUAL-W2 model was configured for the Pangduo Reservoir to better understand the thermal structure and diurnal variation inside the reservoir under the local climate and hydrological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Observation data were used to verify the model, and the results showed that the average error of the 6 profile measured monthly from August to December 2016 was 0.1°C, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.173°C. The water temperature from August 2016 to September 2017 was simulated by inputting measured data as model inputs. The results revealed that the reservoir of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was a typical dimictic reservoir and the water mixed vertically at the end of March and the end of October. During the heating period, thermal stratification occurred, with strong diurnal variation in the epilimnion. The mean variance of the diurnal water temperature was 0.10 within a 5 m water depth but 0.04 in the whole water column. The mixing mode of inflow changed from undercurrent, horizontal-invaded flow and surface layer flow in one day. In winter, the diurnal variation was weak due to the thermal protection of the ice cover, while the mean variance of diurnal water temperature was 0.00 within both 5 m and the whole water column. Compared to reservoirs in areas with low altitude but the same latitude, significant differences occurred between the temperature structure of the low-altitude reservoir and the Pangduo Reservoir (P<0.01). The Pangduo Reservoir presented a shorter stratification period and weaker stratification stability, and the annual average SI value was 26.4 kg/m2, which was only 7.5% that of the low-altitude reservoir. The seasonal changes in the net heat flux received by the surface layers determined the seasonal cycle of stratification and mixing in reservoirs. This study provided a scientific understanding of the thermal changes in stratified reservoirs under the special geographical and meteorological conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Moreover, this model can serve as a reference for adaptive management of similar dimictic reservoirs in cold and high-altitude areas.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33347489</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0243198</doi><tpages>e0243198</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3118-5231</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2471717875 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adaptive management Air temperature Altitude Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Climate change Cooling Diurnal cycles (Earth sciences) Diurnal variations Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Engineering Environmental aspects Epilimnion Error analysis Flow velocity Heat Heat flux High altitude High-altitude environments Humidity Hydraulics Hydrology Ice cover Laboratories Lakes Local climates Low altitude Low humidity Low temperature Meteorological conditions Physical Sciences Precipitation Reservoir management Reservoirs Rivers Root-mean-square errors Seasonal variations Social Sciences Surface boundary layer Surface layers Surface water Temperature structure Thermal pollution Thermal properties Thermal protection Thermal stratification Two dimensional models Undercurrents Water circulation Water column Water depth Water quality Water stratification Water temperature |
| title | Study of the thermal regime of a reservoir on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-26T01%3A17%3A24IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Study%20of%20the%20thermal%20regime%20of%20a%20reservoir%20on%20the%20Qinghai-Tibetan%20Plateau,%20China&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Yang,%20Yanjing&rft.date=2020-12-21&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=e0243198&rft.epage=e0243198&rft.pages=e0243198-e0243198&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0243198&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA646112470%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2471717875&rft_id=info:pmid/33347489&rft_galeid=A646112470&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_f6994c1e74fa478b8554ba7287dd248b&rfr_iscdi=true |