Alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality following bereavement in two successive generations
Bereavement affects the health of the bereaved both emotionally and physically. Bereavement resulting from alcohol-related death of the previous generation (parents-first generation) may increase the risk of alcohol abuse and consequently alcohol-related mortality as well as all-cause mortality in t...
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| description | Bereavement affects the health of the bereaved both emotionally and physically. Bereavement resulting from alcohol-related death of the previous generation (parents-first generation) may increase the risk of alcohol abuse and consequently alcohol-related mortality as well as all-cause mortality in the next generation (offspring-second generation). Furthermore, these associations can be bi-directional. However, there is no conclusive evidence of these effects, and studies exploring these intergenerational effects are rare. This study investigates these associations.
A longitudinal data were constructed by linking participants from the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Surveys (AHLS) from 1979 to 1997 with census and registry-based data from Statistics Finland containing the socioeconomic status of the survey participants and their parents (N = 78610) to investigate these associations. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals to determine the effect of bereavement with alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality.
The findings suggest that bereavement following the death of an offspring increases the risk of both alcohol-related and all-cause mortality among both parents. The magnitude of the risk of mortality following the death of an offspring is higher for mothers than for fathers. There were no clear associations of a parent's death with an offspring's alcohol-related or all-cause mortality. However, generally, a father's death seems to be protective of the risk of mortality among the offspring while a mother's alcohol-related death slightly increased the risk of alcohol-related mortality among their offspring.
These findings emphasise the role of bereavement, particularly resulting from the death of an offspring, on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality and therefore inequalities in mortality. Furthermore, the findings highlighting the need for alcohol abuse intervention and emotional support for bereaved persons following the death of an offspring. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0243290 |
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A longitudinal data were constructed by linking participants from the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Surveys (AHLS) from 1979 to 1997 with census and registry-based data from Statistics Finland containing the socioeconomic status of the survey participants and their parents (N = 78610) to investigate these associations. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals to determine the effect of bereavement with alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality.
The findings suggest that bereavement following the death of an offspring increases the risk of both alcohol-related and all-cause mortality among both parents. The magnitude of the risk of mortality following the death of an offspring is higher for mothers than for fathers. There were no clear associations of a parent's death with an offspring's alcohol-related or all-cause mortality. However, generally, a father's death seems to be protective of the risk of mortality among the offspring while a mother's alcohol-related death slightly increased the risk of alcohol-related mortality among their offspring.
These findings emphasise the role of bereavement, particularly resulting from the death of an offspring, on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality and therefore inequalities in mortality. Furthermore, the findings highlighting the need for alcohol abuse intervention and emotional support for bereaved persons following the death of an offspring.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243290</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33301516</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abuse ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Alcohol ; Alcohol abuse ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking - mortality ; Alcoholism ; Alcohols ; Bereavement ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cause of Death ; Child & adolescent psychiatry ; Confidence intervals ; Death ; Drug abuse ; Emotions ; Family Characteristics ; Fathers ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health hazards ; Health risks ; Health sciences ; Humans ; Intergenerational transmission ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Offspring ; Parents ; Parents & parenting ; Patient outcomes ; People and Places ; Polls & surveys ; Population ; Psychological aspects ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; Social Sciences ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Socioeconomics ; Statistical models</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-12, Vol.15 (12), p.e0243290-e0243290</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Doku et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Doku et al 2020 Doku et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f0458bc13e8358205f9434ab9267c0e5f7be7ad8280cd349b0293bedda9303873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f0458bc13e8358205f9434ab9267c0e5f7be7ad8280cd349b0293bedda9303873</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9503-2520</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7728282/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7728282/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33301516$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Doku, David Teye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neupane, Subas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dobewall, Henrik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rimpelä, Arja</creatorcontrib><title>Alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality following bereavement in two successive generations</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Bereavement affects the health of the bereaved both emotionally and physically. Bereavement resulting from alcohol-related death of the previous generation (parents-first generation) may increase the risk of alcohol abuse and consequently alcohol-related mortality as well as all-cause mortality in the next generation (offspring-second generation). Furthermore, these associations can be bi-directional. However, there is no conclusive evidence of these effects, and studies exploring these intergenerational effects are rare. This study investigates these associations.
A longitudinal data were constructed by linking participants from the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Surveys (AHLS) from 1979 to 1997 with census and registry-based data from Statistics Finland containing the socioeconomic status of the survey participants and their parents (N = 78610) to investigate these associations. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals to determine the effect of bereavement with alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality.
The findings suggest that bereavement following the death of an offspring increases the risk of both alcohol-related and all-cause mortality among both parents. The magnitude of the risk of mortality following the death of an offspring is higher for mothers than for fathers. There were no clear associations of a parent's death with an offspring's alcohol-related or all-cause mortality. However, generally, a father's death seems to be protective of the risk of mortality among the offspring while a mother's alcohol-related death slightly increased the risk of alcohol-related mortality among their offspring.
These findings emphasise the role of bereavement, particularly resulting from the death of an offspring, on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality and therefore inequalities in mortality. Furthermore, the findings highlighting the need for alcohol abuse intervention and emotional support for bereaved persons following the death of an offspring.</description><subject>Abuse</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Alcohol abuse</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - mortality</subject><subject>Alcoholism</subject><subject>Alcohols</subject><subject>Bereavement</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cause of Death</subject><subject>Child & adolescent psychiatry</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Family Characteristics</subject><subject>Fathers</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Health 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Subas</au><au>Dobewall, Henrik</au><au>Rimpelä, Arja</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality following bereavement in two successive generations</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-12-10</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e0243290</spage><epage>e0243290</epage><pages>e0243290-e0243290</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Bereavement affects the health of the bereaved both emotionally and physically. Bereavement resulting from alcohol-related death of the previous generation (parents-first generation) may increase the risk of alcohol abuse and consequently alcohol-related mortality as well as all-cause mortality in the next generation (offspring-second generation). Furthermore, these associations can be bi-directional. However, there is no conclusive evidence of these effects, and studies exploring these intergenerational effects are rare. This study investigates these associations.
A longitudinal data were constructed by linking participants from the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Surveys (AHLS) from 1979 to 1997 with census and registry-based data from Statistics Finland containing the socioeconomic status of the survey participants and their parents (N = 78610) to investigate these associations. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals to determine the effect of bereavement with alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality.
The findings suggest that bereavement following the death of an offspring increases the risk of both alcohol-related and all-cause mortality among both parents. The magnitude of the risk of mortality following the death of an offspring is higher for mothers than for fathers. There were no clear associations of a parent's death with an offspring's alcohol-related or all-cause mortality. However, generally, a father's death seems to be protective of the risk of mortality among the offspring while a mother's alcohol-related death slightly increased the risk of alcohol-related mortality among their offspring.
These findings emphasise the role of bereavement, particularly resulting from the death of an offspring, on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality and therefore inequalities in mortality. Furthermore, the findings highlighting the need for alcohol abuse intervention and emotional support for bereaved persons following the death of an offspring.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33301516</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0243290</doi><tpages>e0243290</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9503-2520</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abuse Adolescent Adult Age Alcohol Alcohol abuse Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology Alcohol Drinking - mortality Alcoholism Alcohols Bereavement Biology and Life Sciences Cause of Death Child & adolescent psychiatry Confidence intervals Death Drug abuse Emotions Family Characteristics Fathers Female Health aspects Health hazards Health risks Health sciences Humans Intergenerational transmission Longitudinal Studies Male Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mortality Mothers Offspring Parents Parents & parenting Patient outcomes People and Places Polls & surveys Population Psychological aspects Risk Risk Factors Social Sciences Socioeconomic Factors Socioeconomics Statistical models |
| title | Alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality following bereavement in two successive generations |
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