Investigations of the effect of the amount of biochar on soil porosity and aggregation and crop yields on fertilized black soil in northern China
The combination of chemical fertilizer and biochar is regarded as a useful soil supplement for improving the properties of soil and crop yields, and this study describes how the biochar of maize straw can be used to improve the quality of the degraded black soil. This has been achieved by examining...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2020-11, Vol.15 (11), p.e0238883-e0238883 |
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| creator | Jin, Liang Wei, Dan Yin, Dawei Zhou, Baoku Ding, JianLi Wang, Wei Zhang, Jiuming Qiu, Shaojun Zhang, Chengjun Li, Yan An, Zhizhuang Gu, Jialin Wang, Lei |
| description | The combination of chemical fertilizer and biochar is regarded as a useful soil supplement for improving the properties of soil and crop yields, and this study describes how the biochar of maize straw can be used to improve the quality of the degraded black soil. This has been achieved by examining the effects of combining different amounts of biochar with chemical fertilizer on the porosities and aggregate formation of soil and exploring how these changes positively impact on crop yields. A field trial design combining different amounts of maize straw biochar [0 (NPK), 15.75 (BC1), 31.5 (BC2), and 47.25 t ha-1 (BC3)] with a chemical fertilizer (NPK) has been used to investigate changes in the formation of soil aggregate, clay content, soil organic carbon (SOC), and crop yields in Chinese black soil over a three year period from 2013 to 2015. The results of this study show that the addition of fertilizer and biochar in 2013 to black soil results in an increased soybean and maize yields from 2013 to 2015 for all the treatments, with BC1/BC2 affording improved crop yields in 2015, while BC3 gave a lower soybean yield in 2015. Total porosities and pore volumes were increased for BC1 and BC2 treatments but relatively decreased for BC3, which could be attributed to increased soil capillary caused by the presence of higher numbers of fine soil particles. The addition of biochar had a positive influence on the numbers and mean weight diameters (MWD) of soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) that were present, with the ratio of SOC to TN in soil macroaggregates found to be greater than in the microaggregates. The most significant amount of carbon present in macroaggregates (>2 mm and 0.25-2 mm) was observed when BC2 was applied as a soil additive. Increasing the levels of maze straw biochar to 47.25 t ha-1 led to an increase in the total organic carbon of soil, however, the overall amount of macroaggregates and MWD were decreased, which is possibly due to localized changes in microbial habitat. The supplementation of biochar increased in the amount of aromatic C present (most significant effect observed for BC2), with the ratio of aliphatic C to aromatic C found to be enhanced due to a relative reduction in the aliphatic C content with >2 mm particle fraction. These changes in organic carbon content and soil stability were analyzed using univariate quadratic equations to explain the relationship between the type of functional groups (polysaccharide C, aliphatic C, aromat |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0238883 |
| format | Article |
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This has been achieved by examining the effects of combining different amounts of biochar with chemical fertilizer on the porosities and aggregate formation of soil and exploring how these changes positively impact on crop yields. A field trial design combining different amounts of maize straw biochar [0 (NPK), 15.75 (BC1), 31.5 (BC2), and 47.25 t ha-1 (BC3)] with a chemical fertilizer (NPK) has been used to investigate changes in the formation of soil aggregate, clay content, soil organic carbon (SOC), and crop yields in Chinese black soil over a three year period from 2013 to 2015. The results of this study show that the addition of fertilizer and biochar in 2013 to black soil results in an increased soybean and maize yields from 2013 to 2015 for all the treatments, with BC1/BC2 affording improved crop yields in 2015, while BC3 gave a lower soybean yield in 2015. Total porosities and pore volumes were increased for BC1 and BC2 treatments but relatively decreased for BC3, which could be attributed to increased soil capillary caused by the presence of higher numbers of fine soil particles. The addition of biochar had a positive influence on the numbers and mean weight diameters (MWD) of soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) that were present, with the ratio of SOC to TN in soil macroaggregates found to be greater than in the microaggregates. The most significant amount of carbon present in macroaggregates (>2 mm and 0.25-2 mm) was observed when BC2 was applied as a soil additive. Increasing the levels of maze straw biochar to 47.25 t ha-1 led to an increase in the total organic carbon of soil, however, the overall amount of macroaggregates and MWD were decreased, which is possibly due to localized changes in microbial habitat. The supplementation of biochar increased in the amount of aromatic C present (most significant effect observed for BC2), with the ratio of aliphatic C to aromatic C found to be enhanced due to a relative reduction in the aliphatic C content with >2 mm particle fraction. These changes in organic carbon content and soil stability were analyzed using univariate quadratic equations to explain the relationship between the type of functional groups (polysaccharide C, aliphatic C, aromatic C, aliphatic C/aromatic C) present in the soil aggregates and their MWDs, which were found to vary significantly. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the use of controlled amounts of maize-straw biochar in black soil is beneficial for improving crop yields and levels of soil aggregation, however, the use of excessive amounts of biochar results in unfavorable aggregate formation which negatively impacts the yields of crop growth. The data produced suggest that aromatic C content can be used as a single independent variable to characterize the stability of soil aggregate when biochar/fertilizer mixtures are used as soil additives to boost growth yields. Analysis of soil and crop performance in black soil revealed that the application of maize-straw biochar at a rate of 15.75 and 31.5 t ha-1 had positive effects on crop yields, soil aggregation and accumulation of aromatic C in the aggregate fractions when a soybean-maize rotation system was followed over three years.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238883</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33201879</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Additives ; Agglomeration ; Agricultural practices ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural research ; Agriculture ; Agriculture - methods ; Agrochemicals ; Aliphatic compounds ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomass ; Carbon ; Carbon - chemistry ; Carbon content ; Charcoal ; Charcoal - chemistry ; Charcoal - pharmacology ; China ; Clay - chemistry ; Clay soils ; Corn ; Corn straw ; Crop growth ; Crop rotation ; Crop yield ; Crop yields ; Crops ; Crops, Agricultural - drug effects ; Crops, Agricultural - growth & development ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Functional groups ; Glycine max - drug effects ; Glycine max - growth & development ; Independent variables ; Laboratories ; Microorganisms ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen - chemistry ; Nutrition ; Organic carbon ; Organic soils ; Physical Sciences ; Polysaccharides ; Porosity ; Porosity - drug effects ; Production processes ; Quadratic equations ; Soil - chemistry ; Soil aggregates ; Soil analysis ; Soil degradation ; Soil fertility ; Soil formation ; Soil improvement ; Soil investigations ; Soil particles ; Soil porosity ; Soil properties ; Soil stability ; Soil structure ; Soybeans ; Stability analysis ; Straw ; Supplementation ; Supplements ; Total organic carbon ; Zea mays - drug effects ; Zea mays - growth & development</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-11, Vol.15 (11), p.e0238883-e0238883</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Jin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Jin et al 2020 Jin et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b8b1110f101b59b531ec4da63e287722ffc78f6e2b1f4ac3e19b03c236ff7e023</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b8b1110f101b59b531ec4da63e287722ffc78f6e2b1f4ac3e19b03c236ff7e023</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1408-7613</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7671521/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7671521/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33201879$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Hui, Dafeng</contributor><creatorcontrib>Jin, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Dawei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Baoku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, JianLi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jiuming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Shaojun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chengjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Zhizhuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Jialin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lei</creatorcontrib><title>Investigations of the effect of the amount of biochar on soil porosity and aggregation and crop yields on fertilized black soil in northern China</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The combination of chemical fertilizer and biochar is regarded as a useful soil supplement for improving the properties of soil and crop yields, and this study describes how the biochar of maize straw can be used to improve the quality of the degraded black soil. This has been achieved by examining the effects of combining different amounts of biochar with chemical fertilizer on the porosities and aggregate formation of soil and exploring how these changes positively impact on crop yields. A field trial design combining different amounts of maize straw biochar [0 (NPK), 15.75 (BC1), 31.5 (BC2), and 47.25 t ha-1 (BC3)] with a chemical fertilizer (NPK) has been used to investigate changes in the formation of soil aggregate, clay content, soil organic carbon (SOC), and crop yields in Chinese black soil over a three year period from 2013 to 2015. The results of this study show that the addition of fertilizer and biochar in 2013 to black soil results in an increased soybean and maize yields from 2013 to 2015 for all the treatments, with BC1/BC2 affording improved crop yields in 2015, while BC3 gave a lower soybean yield in 2015. Total porosities and pore volumes were increased for BC1 and BC2 treatments but relatively decreased for BC3, which could be attributed to increased soil capillary caused by the presence of higher numbers of fine soil particles. The addition of biochar had a positive influence on the numbers and mean weight diameters (MWD) of soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) that were present, with the ratio of SOC to TN in soil macroaggregates found to be greater than in the microaggregates. The most significant amount of carbon present in macroaggregates (>2 mm and 0.25-2 mm) was observed when BC2 was applied as a soil additive. Increasing the levels of maze straw biochar to 47.25 t ha-1 led to an increase in the total organic carbon of soil, however, the overall amount of macroaggregates and MWD were decreased, which is possibly due to localized changes in microbial habitat. The supplementation of biochar increased in the amount of aromatic C present (most significant effect observed for BC2), with the ratio of aliphatic C to aromatic C found to be enhanced due to a relative reduction in the aliphatic C content with >2 mm particle fraction. These changes in organic carbon content and soil stability were analyzed using univariate quadratic equations to explain the relationship between the type of functional groups (polysaccharide C, aliphatic C, aromatic C, aliphatic C/aromatic C) present in the soil aggregates and their MWDs, which were found to vary significantly. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the use of controlled amounts of maize-straw biochar in black soil is beneficial for improving crop yields and levels of soil aggregation, however, the use of excessive amounts of biochar results in unfavorable aggregate formation which negatively impacts the yields of crop growth. The data produced suggest that aromatic C content can be used as a single independent variable to characterize the stability of soil aggregate when biochar/fertilizer mixtures are used as soil additives to boost growth yields. Analysis of soil and crop performance in black soil revealed that the application of maize-straw biochar at a rate of 15.75 and 31.5 t ha-1 had positive effects on crop yields, soil aggregation and accumulation of aromatic C in the aggregate fractions when a soybean-maize rotation system was followed over three years.</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Agglomeration</subject><subject>Agricultural practices</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agricultural research</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agriculture - methods</subject><subject>Agrochemicals</subject><subject>Aliphatic compounds</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon - chemistry</subject><subject>Carbon content</subject><subject>Charcoal</subject><subject>Charcoal - chemistry</subject><subject>Charcoal - pharmacology</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Clay - chemistry</subject><subject>Clay soils</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Corn straw</subject><subject>Crop growth</subject><subject>Crop rotation</subject><subject>Crop yield</subject><subject>Crop yields</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Crops, Agricultural - drug effects</subject><subject>Crops, Agricultural - growth & development</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Glycine max - drug effects</subject><subject>Glycine max - growth & development</subject><subject>Independent variables</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen - chemistry</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Organic soils</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Porosity - drug effects</subject><subject>Production processes</subject><subject>Quadratic equations</subject><subject>Soil - chemistry</subject><subject>Soil aggregates</subject><subject>Soil analysis</subject><subject>Soil degradation</subject><subject>Soil fertility</subject><subject>Soil formation</subject><subject>Soil improvement</subject><subject>Soil investigations</subject><subject>Soil particles</subject><subject>Soil porosity</subject><subject>Soil properties</subject><subject>Soil stability</subject><subject>Soil structure</subject><subject>Soybeans</subject><subject>Stability analysis</subject><subject>Straw</subject><subject>Supplementation</subject><subject>Supplements</subject><subject>Total organic carbon</subject><subject>Zea mays - drug effects</subject><subject>Zea mays - growth & development</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk9uO0zAQhiMEYpeFN0AQCQnBRUtsJ7Fzg7SqOFRaaSVOt5btjFMX1-7ayYryFrwx7mnVoL1AuXDG_uYfz3gmy56jYooIRe-WfghO2OnaO5gWmDDGyIPsHDUET2pckIcn_2fZkxiXRVERVtePszNCcIEYbc6zP3N3C7E3neiNdzH3Ou8XkIPWoPqjJVZ-cDtLGq8WIuTe5dEbm6998NH0m1y4NhddF2AvtLNV8Ot8Y8C2ceugIfTGmt_Q5tIK9XOvYFzufEhRgstnC-PE0-yRFjbCs8N6kX3_-OHb7PPk6vrTfHZ5NVF1g_uJZBIhVGhUIFk1siIIVNmKmgBmlGKstaJM14Al0qVQBFAjC6IwqbWmkOp1kb3c666tj_xQzchxWaOSYVJuifmeaL1Y8nUwKxE23AvDdxs-dFyklJQFznRJiGYMaEtK2kjJWqZlxWSV4leoTFrvD9EGuYJWgeuDsCPR8YkzC975W05riiqMksCbg0DwN0N6Mr4yUYG1woEf9vdmFWX1Fn31D3p_dgeqEykB47RPcdVWlF_WJS7qgtIqUdN7qPS1sDIqtZ42aX_k8HbkkJgefvWdGGLk869f_p-9_jFmX5-wCxC2X0Rvh13bjsFyD6b2izGAvisyKvh2co7V4NvJ4YfJSW4vTh_ozuk4KuQvw-oVAQ</recordid><startdate>20201117</startdate><enddate>20201117</enddate><creator>Jin, Liang</creator><creator>Wei, Dan</creator><creator>Yin, Dawei</creator><creator>Zhou, Baoku</creator><creator>Ding, JianLi</creator><creator>Wang, Wei</creator><creator>Zhang, Jiuming</creator><creator>Qiu, Shaojun</creator><creator>Zhang, Chengjun</creator><creator>Li, Yan</creator><creator>An, Zhizhuang</creator><creator>Gu, Jialin</creator><creator>Wang, Lei</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-7613</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201117</creationdate><title>Investigations of the effect of the amount of biochar on soil porosity and aggregation and crop yields on fertilized black soil in northern China</title><author>Jin, Liang ; Wei, Dan ; Yin, Dawei ; Zhou, Baoku ; Ding, JianLi ; Wang, Wei ; Zhang, Jiuming ; Qiu, Shaojun ; Zhang, Chengjun ; Li, Yan ; An, Zhizhuang ; Gu, Jialin ; Wang, Lei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b8b1110f101b59b531ec4da63e287722ffc78f6e2b1f4ac3e19b03c236ff7e023</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Agglomeration</topic><topic>Agricultural practices</topic><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Agricultural research</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Agriculture - methods</topic><topic>Agrochemicals</topic><topic>Aliphatic compounds</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon - chemistry</topic><topic>Carbon content</topic><topic>Charcoal</topic><topic>Charcoal - chemistry</topic><topic>Charcoal - pharmacology</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Clay - chemistry</topic><topic>Clay soils</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Corn straw</topic><topic>Crop growth</topic><topic>Crop rotation</topic><topic>Crop yield</topic><topic>Crop yields</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Crops, Agricultural - drug effects</topic><topic>Crops, Agricultural - growth & development</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Glycine max - drug effects</topic><topic>Glycine max - growth & development</topic><topic>Independent variables</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen - chemistry</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Organic carbon</topic><topic>Organic soils</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Polysaccharides</topic><topic>Porosity</topic><topic>Porosity - drug effects</topic><topic>Production processes</topic><topic>Quadratic equations</topic><topic>Soil - chemistry</topic><topic>Soil aggregates</topic><topic>Soil analysis</topic><topic>Soil degradation</topic><topic>Soil fertility</topic><topic>Soil formation</topic><topic>Soil improvement</topic><topic>Soil investigations</topic><topic>Soil particles</topic><topic>Soil porosity</topic><topic>Soil properties</topic><topic>Soil stability</topic><topic>Soil structure</topic><topic>Soybeans</topic><topic>Stability analysis</topic><topic>Straw</topic><topic>Supplementation</topic><topic>Supplements</topic><topic>Total organic carbon</topic><topic>Zea mays - drug effects</topic><topic>Zea mays - growth & development</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jin, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Dawei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Baoku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, JianLi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jiuming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Shaojun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chengjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Zhizhuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Jialin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lei</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jin, Liang</au><au>Wei, Dan</au><au>Yin, Dawei</au><au>Zhou, Baoku</au><au>Ding, JianLi</au><au>Wang, Wei</au><au>Zhang, Jiuming</au><au>Qiu, Shaojun</au><au>Zhang, Chengjun</au><au>Li, Yan</au><au>An, Zhizhuang</au><au>Gu, Jialin</au><au>Wang, Lei</au><au>Hui, Dafeng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Investigations of the effect of the amount of biochar on soil porosity and aggregation and crop yields on fertilized black soil in northern China</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-11-17</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0238883</spage><epage>e0238883</epage><pages>e0238883-e0238883</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The combination of chemical fertilizer and biochar is regarded as a useful soil supplement for improving the properties of soil and crop yields, and this study describes how the biochar of maize straw can be used to improve the quality of the degraded black soil. This has been achieved by examining the effects of combining different amounts of biochar with chemical fertilizer on the porosities and aggregate formation of soil and exploring how these changes positively impact on crop yields. A field trial design combining different amounts of maize straw biochar [0 (NPK), 15.75 (BC1), 31.5 (BC2), and 47.25 t ha-1 (BC3)] with a chemical fertilizer (NPK) has been used to investigate changes in the formation of soil aggregate, clay content, soil organic carbon (SOC), and crop yields in Chinese black soil over a three year period from 2013 to 2015. The results of this study show that the addition of fertilizer and biochar in 2013 to black soil results in an increased soybean and maize yields from 2013 to 2015 for all the treatments, with BC1/BC2 affording improved crop yields in 2015, while BC3 gave a lower soybean yield in 2015. Total porosities and pore volumes were increased for BC1 and BC2 treatments but relatively decreased for BC3, which could be attributed to increased soil capillary caused by the presence of higher numbers of fine soil particles. The addition of biochar had a positive influence on the numbers and mean weight diameters (MWD) of soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) that were present, with the ratio of SOC to TN in soil macroaggregates found to be greater than in the microaggregates. The most significant amount of carbon present in macroaggregates (>2 mm and 0.25-2 mm) was observed when BC2 was applied as a soil additive. Increasing the levels of maze straw biochar to 47.25 t ha-1 led to an increase in the total organic carbon of soil, however, the overall amount of macroaggregates and MWD were decreased, which is possibly due to localized changes in microbial habitat. The supplementation of biochar increased in the amount of aromatic C present (most significant effect observed for BC2), with the ratio of aliphatic C to aromatic C found to be enhanced due to a relative reduction in the aliphatic C content with >2 mm particle fraction. These changes in organic carbon content and soil stability were analyzed using univariate quadratic equations to explain the relationship between the type of functional groups (polysaccharide C, aliphatic C, aromatic C, aliphatic C/aromatic C) present in the soil aggregates and their MWDs, which were found to vary significantly. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the use of controlled amounts of maize-straw biochar in black soil is beneficial for improving crop yields and levels of soil aggregation, however, the use of excessive amounts of biochar results in unfavorable aggregate formation which negatively impacts the yields of crop growth. The data produced suggest that aromatic C content can be used as a single independent variable to characterize the stability of soil aggregate when biochar/fertilizer mixtures are used as soil additives to boost growth yields. Analysis of soil and crop performance in black soil revealed that the application of maize-straw biochar at a rate of 15.75 and 31.5 t ha-1 had positive effects on crop yields, soil aggregation and accumulation of aromatic C in the aggregate fractions when a soybean-maize rotation system was followed over three years.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33201879</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0238883</doi><tpages>e0238883</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-7613</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Additives Agglomeration Agricultural practices Agricultural production Agricultural research Agriculture Agriculture - methods Agrochemicals Aliphatic compounds Biology and Life Sciences Biomass Carbon Carbon - chemistry Carbon content Charcoal Charcoal - chemistry Charcoal - pharmacology China Clay - chemistry Clay soils Corn Corn straw Crop growth Crop rotation Crop yield Crop yields Crops Crops, Agricultural - drug effects Crops, Agricultural - growth & development Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Fertilizers Functional groups Glycine max - drug effects Glycine max - growth & development Independent variables Laboratories Microorganisms Nitrogen Nitrogen - chemistry Nutrition Organic carbon Organic soils Physical Sciences Polysaccharides Porosity Porosity - drug effects Production processes Quadratic equations Soil - chemistry Soil aggregates Soil analysis Soil degradation Soil fertility Soil formation Soil improvement Soil investigations Soil particles Soil porosity Soil properties Soil stability Soil structure Soybeans Stability analysis Straw Supplementation Supplements Total organic carbon Zea mays - drug effects Zea mays - growth & development |
| title | Investigations of the effect of the amount of biochar on soil porosity and aggregation and crop yields on fertilized black soil in northern China |
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