Impacts of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda-A mixed-methods approach
The World Health Organization identified Uganda as one of the 10 highly endemic countries for schistosomiasis. Annual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel has led to a decline in intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections in several areas. However, as hotspots with high (re)infection ra...
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| description | The World Health Organization identified Uganda as one of the 10 highly endemic countries for schistosomiasis. Annual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel has led to a decline in intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections in several areas. However, as hotspots with high (re)infection rates remain, additional research on risk factors and implementing interventions to complement MDA are required to further reduce disease burden in these settings. Through a mixed-methods study we aimed to gain deeper understanding of how gender may impact risk and reinfection in order to inform disease control programmes and ascertain if gender-specific interventions may be beneficial.
In Bugoto, Mayuge District, Eastern Uganda we conducted ethnographic observations (n = 16) and examined epidemiology (n = 55) and parasite population genetics (n = 16) in school-aged children (SAC), alongside a community-wide household survey (n = 130). Water contact was frequent at home, school and in the community and was of domestic, personal care, recreational, religious or commercial nature. Qualitative analysis of type of activity, duration, frequency, level of submersion and water contact sites in children showed only few behavioural differences in water contact between genders. However, survey data revealed that adult women carried out the vast majority of household tasks involving water contact. Reinfection rates (96% overall) and genetic diversity were high in boys (pre-He = 0.66; post-He = 0.67) and girls (pre-He = 0.65; post-He = 0.67), but no differences in reinfection rates (p = 0.62) or genetic diversity by gender before (p = 0.54) or after (p = 0.97) treatment were found.
This mixed methods approach showed complementary findings. Frequent water exposure with few differences between boys and girls was mirrored by high reinfection rates and genetic diversity in both genders. Disease control programmes should consider the high reinfection rates among SAC in remaining hotspots of schistosomiasis and the various purposes and settings in which children and adults are exposed to water. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008266 |
| format | Article |
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In Bugoto, Mayuge District, Eastern Uganda we conducted ethnographic observations (n = 16) and examined epidemiology (n = 55) and parasite population genetics (n = 16) in school-aged children (SAC), alongside a community-wide household survey (n = 130). Water contact was frequent at home, school and in the community and was of domestic, personal care, recreational, religious or commercial nature. Qualitative analysis of type of activity, duration, frequency, level of submersion and water contact sites in children showed only few behavioural differences in water contact between genders. However, survey data revealed that adult women carried out the vast majority of household tasks involving water contact. Reinfection rates (96% overall) and genetic diversity were high in boys (pre-He = 0.66; post-He = 0.67) and girls (pre-He = 0.65; post-He = 0.67), but no differences in reinfection rates (p = 0.62) or genetic diversity by gender before (p = 0.54) or after (p = 0.97) treatment were found.
This mixed methods approach showed complementary findings. Frequent water exposure with few differences between boys and girls was mirrored by high reinfection rates and genetic diversity in both genders. Disease control programmes should consider the high reinfection rates among SAC in remaining hotspots of schistosomiasis and the various purposes and settings in which children and adults are exposed to water.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008266</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32401770</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adults ; Analysis ; Biodiversity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Children ; Disease control ; Disease hot spots ; Disease sex factors ; Earth Sciences ; Epidemiology ; Funding ; Gender ; Gender differences ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic variation ; Genetics ; Girls ; Host-parasite relationships ; Hot spots ; Infections ; Life sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Mixed methods research ; Parasites ; Parasitology ; People and Places ; Polls & surveys ; Population genetics ; Praziquantel ; Programmes ; Qualitative analysis ; Recurrence (Disease) ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Risk management ; Schistosoma mansoni ; Schistosomiasis ; Social Sciences ; Supervision ; Surveying ; Tropical diseases ; Water ; Women ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0008266-e0008266</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Trienekens et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Trienekens et al 2020 Trienekens et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-5f27bf620180c84de51f867cb00911aafd1672f83acfdd6fb21da832d61740953</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-5f27bf620180c84de51f867cb00911aafd1672f83acfdd6fb21da832d61740953</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2851-185X ; 0000-0001-6649-8567 ; 0000-0003-1048-6318</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219705/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219705/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32401770$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Joseph, Serene A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Trienekens, Suzan C M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faust, Christina L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meginnis, Keila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pickering, Lucy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ericsson, Olivia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nankasi, Andrina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moses, Arinaitwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tukahebwa, Edridah M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lamberton, Poppy H L</creatorcontrib><title>Impacts of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda-A mixed-methods approach</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>The World Health Organization identified Uganda as one of the 10 highly endemic countries for schistosomiasis. Annual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel has led to a decline in intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections in several areas. However, as hotspots with high (re)infection rates remain, additional research on risk factors and implementing interventions to complement MDA are required to further reduce disease burden in these settings. Through a mixed-methods study we aimed to gain deeper understanding of how gender may impact risk and reinfection in order to inform disease control programmes and ascertain if gender-specific interventions may be beneficial.
In Bugoto, Mayuge District, Eastern Uganda we conducted ethnographic observations (n = 16) and examined epidemiology (n = 55) and parasite population genetics (n = 16) in school-aged children (SAC), alongside a community-wide household survey (n = 130). Water contact was frequent at home, school and in the community and was of domestic, personal care, recreational, religious or commercial nature. Qualitative analysis of type of activity, duration, frequency, level of submersion and water contact sites in children showed only few behavioural differences in water contact between genders. However, survey data revealed that adult women carried out the vast majority of household tasks involving water contact. Reinfection rates (96% overall) and genetic diversity were high in boys (pre-He = 0.66; post-He = 0.67) and girls (pre-He = 0.65; post-He = 0.67), but no differences in reinfection rates (p = 0.62) or genetic diversity by gender before (p = 0.54) or after (p = 0.97) treatment were found.
This mixed methods approach showed complementary findings. Frequent water exposure with few differences between boys and girls was mirrored by high reinfection rates and genetic diversity in both genders. Disease control programmes should consider the high reinfection rates among SAC in remaining hotspots of schistosomiasis and the various purposes and settings in which children and adults are exposed to water.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Disease hot spots</subject><subject>Disease sex factors</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Funding</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic variation</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Host-parasite relationships</subject><subject>Hot spots</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Mixed methods research</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>Praziquantel</subject><subject>Programmes</subject><subject>Qualitative analysis</subject><subject>Recurrence (Disease)</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Risk management</subject><subject>Schistosoma mansoni</subject><subject>Schistosomiasis</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Supervision</subject><subject>Surveying</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Womens 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of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda-A mixed-methods approach</title><author>Trienekens, Suzan C M ; Faust, Christina L ; Meginnis, Keila ; Pickering, Lucy ; Ericsson, Olivia ; Nankasi, Andrina ; Moses, Arinaitwe ; Tukahebwa, Edridah M ; Lamberton, Poppy H L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-5f27bf620180c84de51f867cb00911aafd1672f83acfdd6fb21da832d61740953</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Disease hot spots</topic><topic>Disease sex factors</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Funding</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Genetic 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Dis</addtitle><date>2020-05-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0008266</spage><epage>e0008266</epage><pages>e0008266-e0008266</pages><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><eissn>1935-2735</eissn><abstract>The World Health Organization identified Uganda as one of the 10 highly endemic countries for schistosomiasis. Annual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel has led to a decline in intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections in several areas. However, as hotspots with high (re)infection rates remain, additional research on risk factors and implementing interventions to complement MDA are required to further reduce disease burden in these settings. Through a mixed-methods study we aimed to gain deeper understanding of how gender may impact risk and reinfection in order to inform disease control programmes and ascertain if gender-specific interventions may be beneficial.
In Bugoto, Mayuge District, Eastern Uganda we conducted ethnographic observations (n = 16) and examined epidemiology (n = 55) and parasite population genetics (n = 16) in school-aged children (SAC), alongside a community-wide household survey (n = 130). Water contact was frequent at home, school and in the community and was of domestic, personal care, recreational, religious or commercial nature. Qualitative analysis of type of activity, duration, frequency, level of submersion and water contact sites in children showed only few behavioural differences in water contact between genders. However, survey data revealed that adult women carried out the vast majority of household tasks involving water contact. Reinfection rates (96% overall) and genetic diversity were high in boys (pre-He = 0.66; post-He = 0.67) and girls (pre-He = 0.65; post-He = 0.67), but no differences in reinfection rates (p = 0.62) or genetic diversity by gender before (p = 0.54) or after (p = 0.97) treatment were found.
This mixed methods approach showed complementary findings. Frequent water exposure with few differences between boys and girls was mirrored by high reinfection rates and genetic diversity in both genders. Disease control programmes should consider the high reinfection rates among SAC in remaining hotspots of schistosomiasis and the various purposes and settings in which children and adults are exposed to water.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32401770</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0008266</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-185X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-8567</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1048-6318</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1935-2735 |
| ispartof | PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0008266-e0008266 |
| issn | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2460994731 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adults Analysis Biodiversity Biology and Life Sciences Children Disease control Disease hot spots Disease sex factors Earth Sciences Epidemiology Funding Gender Gender differences Genetic aspects Genetic diversity Genetic variation Genetics Girls Host-parasite relationships Hot spots Infections Life sciences Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Mixed methods research Parasites Parasitology People and Places Polls & surveys Population genetics Praziquantel Programmes Qualitative analysis Recurrence (Disease) Risk analysis Risk factors Risk management Schistosoma mansoni Schistosomiasis Social Sciences Supervision Surveying Tropical diseases Water Women Womens health |
| title | Impacts of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda-A mixed-methods approach |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-21T14%3A27%3A58IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Impacts%20of%20host%20gender%20on%20Schistosoma%20mansoni%20risk%20in%20rural%20Uganda-A%20mixed-methods%20approach&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20neglected%20tropical%20diseases&rft.au=Trienekens,%20Suzan%20C%20M&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0008266&rft.epage=e0008266&rft.pages=e0008266-e0008266&rft.issn=1935-2735&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008266&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA632952045%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2460994731&rft_id=info:pmid/32401770&rft_galeid=A632952045&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_78ac5d0269324e0b972a20c407a00a6a&rfr_iscdi=true |