Composition of nutrients, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiological quality in processed small indigenous fish species from Ghana: Implications for food security
The triple burden of malnutrition is an incessant issue in low- and middle-income countries, and fish has the potential to mitigate this burden. In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are m...
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| creator | Hasselberg, Astrid Elise Wessels, Laura Aakre, Inger Reich, Felix Atter, Amy Steiner-Asiedu, Matilda Amponsah, Samuel Pucher, Johannes Kjellevold, Marian |
| description | The triple burden of malnutrition is an incessant issue in low- and middle-income countries, and fish has the potential to mitigate this burden. In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are missing. Samples of smoked, dried or salted Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), Brachydeuterus auritus (bigeye grunt), Sardinella aurita (round sardinella), Selene dorsalis (African moonfish), Sierrathrissa leonensis (West African (WA) pygmy herring) and Tilapia spp. (tilapia) were collected from five different regions in Ghana. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (crude protein, fat, fatty acids, several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements), microbiological quality (microbial loads of total colony counts, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella), and contaminants (PAH4 and heavy metals). Except for tilapia, the processed small fish species had the potential to significantly contribute to the nutrient intakes of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. High levels of iron, mercury and lead were detected in certain fish samples, which calls for further research and identification of anthropogenic sources along the value chains. The total cell counts in all samples were acceptable; Salmonella was not detected in any sample and E. coli only in one sample. However, high numbers of coliform bacteria were found. PAH4 in smoked samples reached high concentrations up to 1,300 μg/kg, but in contrast salted tilapia samples had a range of PAH4 concentration of 1 μg/kg to 24 μg/kg. This endpoint oriented study provides data for the nutritional value of small processed fish as food in Ghana and also provides information about potential food safety hazards. Future research is needed to determine potential sources of contamination along the value chains in different regions, identify critical points, and develop applicable mitigation strategies to improve the quality and safety of processed small fish in Ghana. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0242086 |
| format | Article |
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In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are missing. Samples of smoked, dried or salted Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), Brachydeuterus auritus (bigeye grunt), Sardinella aurita (round sardinella), Selene dorsalis (African moonfish), Sierrathrissa leonensis (West African (WA) pygmy herring) and Tilapia spp. (tilapia) were collected from five different regions in Ghana. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (crude protein, fat, fatty acids, several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements), microbiological quality (microbial loads of total colony counts, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella), and contaminants (PAH4 and heavy metals). Except for tilapia, the processed small fish species had the potential to significantly contribute to the nutrient intakes of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. High levels of iron, mercury and lead were detected in certain fish samples, which calls for further research and identification of anthropogenic sources along the value chains. The total cell counts in all samples were acceptable; Salmonella was not detected in any sample and E. coli only in one sample. However, high numbers of coliform bacteria were found. PAH4 in smoked samples reached high concentrations up to 1,300 μg/kg, but in contrast salted tilapia samples had a range of PAH4 concentration of 1 μg/kg to 24 μg/kg. This endpoint oriented study provides data for the nutritional value of small processed fish as food in Ghana and also provides information about potential food safety hazards. Future research is needed to determine potential sources of contamination along the value chains in different regions, identify critical points, and develop applicable mitigation strategies to improve the quality and safety of processed small fish in Ghana.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242086</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33180860</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anthropogenic factors ; Authorship ; Bacteria - classification ; Bacteria - isolation & purification ; Bioaccumulation ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Brachydeuterus auritus ; Coliforms ; Contaminants ; Critical point ; Dietary minerals ; E coli ; Earth Sciences ; Engraulis encrasicolus ; Evaluation ; Fatty acids ; Fish ; Fish (Food product) ; Fish Products - analysis ; Fish Products - classification ; Food contamination ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food Contamination - analysis ; Food intake ; Food Microbiology ; Food processing ; Food safety ; Food Security ; Ghana ; Health aspects ; Heavy metals ; Indigenous species ; Industrial research ; Iron - analysis ; Lead - analysis ; Malnutrition ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mercury ; Mercury (metal) ; Mercury - analysis ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Microorganisms ; Minerals ; Mitigation ; Nutrients ; Nutrients - analysis ; Nutrition research ; Nutritional assessment ; Nutritive value ; People and Places ; Physical Sciences ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis ; Population ; Processed foods ; Proteins ; Risk assessment ; Safety and security measures ; Salmonella ; Sample size ; Sardinella aurita ; Species ; Testing ; Tilapia ; Trace elements ; Vitamins ; Water pollution effects</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-11, Vol.15 (11), p.e0242086</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Hasselberg et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are missing. Samples of smoked, dried or salted Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), Brachydeuterus auritus (bigeye grunt), Sardinella aurita (round sardinella), Selene dorsalis (African moonfish), Sierrathrissa leonensis (West African (WA) pygmy herring) and Tilapia spp. (tilapia) were collected from five different regions in Ghana. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (crude protein, fat, fatty acids, several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements), microbiological quality (microbial loads of total colony counts, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella), and contaminants (PAH4 and heavy metals). Except for tilapia, the processed small fish species had the potential to significantly contribute to the nutrient intakes of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. High levels of iron, mercury and lead were detected in certain fish samples, which calls for further research and identification of anthropogenic sources along the value chains. The total cell counts in all samples were acceptable; Salmonella was not detected in any sample and E. coli only in one sample. However, high numbers of coliform bacteria were found. PAH4 in smoked samples reached high concentrations up to 1,300 μg/kg, but in contrast salted tilapia samples had a range of PAH4 concentration of 1 μg/kg to 24 μg/kg. This endpoint oriented study provides data for the nutritional value of small processed fish as food in Ghana and also provides information about potential food safety hazards. Future research is needed to determine potential sources of contamination along the value chains in different regions, identify critical points, and develop applicable mitigation strategies to improve the quality and safety of processed small fish in Ghana.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Authorship</subject><subject>Bacteria - classification</subject><subject>Bacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Bioaccumulation</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Brachydeuterus auritus</subject><subject>Coliforms</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Critical point</subject><subject>Dietary minerals</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Engraulis encrasicolus</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fish (Food product)</subject><subject>Fish Products - analysis</subject><subject>Fish Products - classification</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food Contamination - 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analysis</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Processed foods</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Safety and security measures</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Sardinella aurita</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Testing</subject><subject>Tilapia</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Vitamins</subject><subject>Water pollution effects</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk22L1DAQx4so3nn6DUQDgiC4a5qkaXsvhGPRc-HgwKe3YZqmu1nSppe0h_1qfjpnb_eOXVCQEJJMfvPPMJlJkpcpnac8Tz9s_Bg6cPPed2ZOmWC0kI-S07TkbCYZ5Y8P9ifJsxg3lGa8kPJpcsJ5WiBOT5PfC9_2PtrB-o74hnTjEKzphvierA3cTqQ1Azg89d5NetLOagLBtzDgZj3VwWsIle8iga4mrdXBV9Y7v7IaHLkZwdlhIrYjPZImRlOT2IJzaKrtynR-jKSxcU1ib7Q1eEBxcrmGDs7Jsu3xPdjGhhc-4PTob_QYUPV58qTB0MyL_XqW_Pj86fviy-zq-nK5uLiaaVmyYSYo50znjGndyIyCLiFtqpRpKHVWVLzKylzWDARtmppqnpqsqgwI3eRFLVPKz5LXO93e-aj2aY-KCUlpUZayRGK5I2oPG9UH20KYlAer7gw-rBQETJgzqmZNxqpMi1QLQbUpjWEZzYQ2OdCCFaj1cf_aWLWm1vgXAdyR6PFNZ9dq5W9VLiUVpUSBN3uB4G9GE4d_hLynVoBR2a7xKKZbG7W6kCLlguV8G8z8LxSO2uBXY-E1Fu1HDu-OHJAZzK9hBWOMavnt6_-z1z-P2bcHLFamG9bRu_GuNI5BsQOxEGMMpnnIXErVtm_us6G2faP2fYNurw6z_uB03yj8DyM_GQc</recordid><startdate>20201112</startdate><enddate>20201112</enddate><creator>Hasselberg, Astrid Elise</creator><creator>Wessels, Laura</creator><creator>Aakre, Inger</creator><creator>Reich, Felix</creator><creator>Atter, Amy</creator><creator>Steiner-Asiedu, Matilda</creator><creator>Amponsah, Samuel</creator><creator>Pucher, Johannes</creator><creator>Kjellevold, Marian</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-3139</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-5293</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201112</creationdate><title>Composition of nutrients, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiological quality in processed small indigenous fish species from Ghana: Implications for food security</title><author>Hasselberg, Astrid Elise ; Wessels, Laura ; Aakre, Inger ; Reich, Felix ; Atter, Amy ; Steiner-Asiedu, Matilda ; Amponsah, Samuel ; Pucher, Johannes ; Kjellevold, Marian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-40332c722ccf650ac9a1fb12ca9c58b3b5976d2a40ffd0c31e5bbea4cf78d6103</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Authorship</topic><topic>Bacteria - 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analysis</topic><topic>Malnutrition</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Mercury (metal)</topic><topic>Mercury - analysis</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - analysis</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Mitigation</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Nutrients - analysis</topic><topic>Nutrition research</topic><topic>Nutritional assessment</topic><topic>Nutritive value</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Processed foods</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Safety and security measures</topic><topic>Salmonella</topic><topic>Sample size</topic><topic>Sardinella aurita</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Testing</topic><topic>Tilapia</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Vitamins</topic><topic>Water pollution effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hasselberg, Astrid Elise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wessels, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aakre, Inger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reich, Felix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atter, Amy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steiner-Asiedu, Matilda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amponsah, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pucher, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kjellevold, Marian</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are missing. Samples of smoked, dried or salted Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), Brachydeuterus auritus (bigeye grunt), Sardinella aurita (round sardinella), Selene dorsalis (African moonfish), Sierrathrissa leonensis (West African (WA) pygmy herring) and Tilapia spp. (tilapia) were collected from five different regions in Ghana. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (crude protein, fat, fatty acids, several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements), microbiological quality (microbial loads of total colony counts, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella), and contaminants (PAH4 and heavy metals). Except for tilapia, the processed small fish species had the potential to significantly contribute to the nutrient intakes of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. High levels of iron, mercury and lead were detected in certain fish samples, which calls for further research and identification of anthropogenic sources along the value chains. The total cell counts in all samples were acceptable; Salmonella was not detected in any sample and E. coli only in one sample. However, high numbers of coliform bacteria were found. PAH4 in smoked samples reached high concentrations up to 1,300 μg/kg, but in contrast salted tilapia samples had a range of PAH4 concentration of 1 μg/kg to 24 μg/kg. This endpoint oriented study provides data for the nutritional value of small processed fish as food in Ghana and also provides information about potential food safety hazards. Future research is needed to determine potential sources of contamination along the value chains in different regions, identify critical points, and develop applicable mitigation strategies to improve the quality and safety of processed small fish in Ghana.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33180860</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0242086</doi><tpages>e0242086</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-3139</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-5293</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-11, Vol.15 (11), p.e0242086 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2460089969 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals Anthropogenic factors Authorship Bacteria - classification Bacteria - isolation & purification Bioaccumulation Biology and Life Sciences Brachydeuterus auritus Coliforms Contaminants Critical point Dietary minerals E coli Earth Sciences Engraulis encrasicolus Evaluation Fatty acids Fish Fish (Food product) Fish Products - analysis Fish Products - classification Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Food Contamination - analysis Food intake Food Microbiology Food processing Food safety Food Security Ghana Health aspects Heavy metals Indigenous species Industrial research Iron - analysis Lead - analysis Malnutrition Medicine and Health Sciences Mercury Mercury (metal) Mercury - analysis Metals, Heavy - analysis Microorganisms Minerals Mitigation Nutrients Nutrients - analysis Nutrition research Nutritional assessment Nutritive value People and Places Physical Sciences Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis Population Processed foods Proteins Risk assessment Safety and security measures Salmonella Sample size Sardinella aurita Species Testing Tilapia Trace elements Vitamins Water pollution effects |
| title | Composition of nutrients, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiological quality in processed small indigenous fish species from Ghana: Implications for food security |
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