Perceived learning difficulty associates with depressive symptoms and substance use among students of higher educational institutions in North Western Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
The potential role of perceived learning difficulty on depressive symptoms and substance use in the context of student population was seldom studied. This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived learning difficulty with depressive symptoms and substance use among university students...
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| description | The potential role of perceived learning difficulty on depressive symptoms and substance use in the context of student population was seldom studied. This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived learning difficulty with depressive symptoms and substance use among university students in northwest Ethiopia.
A cross sectional study was conducted on 710 pre-engineering students. A locally validated version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms at a cut off 5-9 indicating mild depressive symptoms and at a cut off 10 for major depressive symptoms. Perceived difficulty in school work was assessed by items dealing about difficulties in areas of course work. The response alternatives of these items were 0 = not at all, 1 = not so much, 2 = quite much, 3 = very much. The types of substances that students had used in their life and in the last three months were assessed. Negative binomial regression and multinomial regressions were employed to investigate the predictors of number of substance use and depressive symptoms respectively.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 71.4% (Mild: 30% and Major 41.4%). About 24.6% of participants had the experience of using at least one substance. Increment in perceived difficulties in learning score was associated with more use of substances (aRRR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), mild level depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.56 and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26). Every increment in anxiety score was associated with increased risk of mild level of depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.37). Being male (aRRR = 5.54, 95% CI: 3.28, 9.36), urban residence (aRRR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.72) and increment in number of life threatening events (aRRR = 1.143, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) were associated with increased risk of substance use.
Perceived difficulties in learning independently predicted increased depressive symptoms as well as substance use among participants. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0240914 |
| format | Article |
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A cross sectional study was conducted on 710 pre-engineering students. A locally validated version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms at a cut off 5-9 indicating mild depressive symptoms and at a cut off 10 for major depressive symptoms. Perceived difficulty in school work was assessed by items dealing about difficulties in areas of course work. The response alternatives of these items were 0 = not at all, 1 = not so much, 2 = quite much, 3 = very much. The types of substances that students had used in their life and in the last three months were assessed. Negative binomial regression and multinomial regressions were employed to investigate the predictors of number of substance use and depressive symptoms respectively.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 71.4% (Mild: 30% and Major 41.4%). About 24.6% of participants had the experience of using at least one substance. Increment in perceived difficulties in learning score was associated with more use of substances (aRRR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), mild level depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.56 and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26). Every increment in anxiety score was associated with increased risk of mild level of depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.37). Being male (aRRR = 5.54, 95% CI: 3.28, 9.36), urban residence (aRRR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.72) and increment in number of life threatening events (aRRR = 1.143, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) were associated with increased risk of substance use.
Perceived difficulties in learning independently predicted increased depressive symptoms as well as substance use among participants.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240914</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33170839</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Alcohol use ; Anxiety ; Behavioral sciences ; Biology and Life Sciences ; College students ; Colleges & universities ; Complications and side effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demographic aspects ; Depression (Mood disorder) ; Depression - epidemiology ; Depression - psychology ; Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology ; Drug use ; Engineering education ; Ethiopia - epidemiology ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Higher education ; Humans ; Learning ; Learning disabilities ; Learning Disabilities - epidemiology ; Learning Disabilities - psychology ; Learning disorders ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mental depression ; Mental disorders ; Mental health ; People and Places ; Perception ; Population studies ; Prevalence ; Psychological aspects ; Questionnaires ; Regression Analysis ; Risk factors ; Social Sciences ; Students ; Students - psychology ; Students - statistics & numerical data ; Substance abuse ; Substance use ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders - psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teenagers ; Universities ; University students ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-11, Vol.15 (11), p.e0240914</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Bitew et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Bitew et al 2020 Bitew et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3f6b1060a0553630a94166e81716402578a8352eac3c155dcc564a6b2eda680a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3f6b1060a0553630a94166e81716402578a8352eac3c155dcc564a6b2eda680a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2270-9542</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7654822/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7654822/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33170839$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bitew, Tesera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Birhan, Wohabie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolie, Demeke</creatorcontrib><title>Perceived learning difficulty associates with depressive symptoms and substance use among students of higher educational institutions in North Western Ethiopia: A cross sectional study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The potential role of perceived learning difficulty on depressive symptoms and substance use in the context of student population was seldom studied. This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived learning difficulty with depressive symptoms and substance use among university students in northwest Ethiopia.
A cross sectional study was conducted on 710 pre-engineering students. A locally validated version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms at a cut off 5-9 indicating mild depressive symptoms and at a cut off 10 for major depressive symptoms. Perceived difficulty in school work was assessed by items dealing about difficulties in areas of course work. The response alternatives of these items were 0 = not at all, 1 = not so much, 2 = quite much, 3 = very much. The types of substances that students had used in their life and in the last three months were assessed. Negative binomial regression and multinomial regressions were employed to investigate the predictors of number of substance use and depressive symptoms respectively.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 71.4% (Mild: 30% and Major 41.4%). About 24.6% of participants had the experience of using at least one substance. Increment in perceived difficulties in learning score was associated with more use of substances (aRRR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), mild level depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.56 and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26). Every increment in anxiety score was associated with increased risk of mild level of depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.37). Being male (aRRR = 5.54, 95% CI: 3.28, 9.36), urban residence (aRRR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.72) and increment in number of life threatening events (aRRR = 1.143, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) were associated with increased risk of substance use.
Perceived difficulties in learning independently predicted increased depressive symptoms as well as substance use among participants.</description><subject>Alcohol use</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Behavioral sciences</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>College students</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Depression (Mood disorder)</subject><subject>Depression - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depression - psychology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology</subject><subject>Drug use</subject><subject>Engineering education</subject><subject>Ethiopia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Higher education</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Learning disabilities</subject><subject>Learning Disabilities - 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This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived learning difficulty with depressive symptoms and substance use among university students in northwest Ethiopia.
A cross sectional study was conducted on 710 pre-engineering students. A locally validated version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms at a cut off 5-9 indicating mild depressive symptoms and at a cut off 10 for major depressive symptoms. Perceived difficulty in school work was assessed by items dealing about difficulties in areas of course work. The response alternatives of these items were 0 = not at all, 1 = not so much, 2 = quite much, 3 = very much. The types of substances that students had used in their life and in the last three months were assessed. Negative binomial regression and multinomial regressions were employed to investigate the predictors of number of substance use and depressive symptoms respectively.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 71.4% (Mild: 30% and Major 41.4%). About 24.6% of participants had the experience of using at least one substance. Increment in perceived difficulties in learning score was associated with more use of substances (aRRR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), mild level depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.56 and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26). Every increment in anxiety score was associated with increased risk of mild level of depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.37). Being male (aRRR = 5.54, 95% CI: 3.28, 9.36), urban residence (aRRR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.72) and increment in number of life threatening events (aRRR = 1.143, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) were associated with increased risk of substance use.
Perceived difficulties in learning independently predicted increased depressive symptoms as well as substance use among participants.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33170839</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0240914</doi><tpages>e0240914</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2270-9542</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Alcohol use Anxiety Behavioral sciences Biology and Life Sciences College students Colleges & universities Complications and side effects Cross-Sectional Studies Demographic aspects Depression (Mood disorder) Depression - epidemiology Depression - psychology Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology Drug use Engineering education Ethiopia - epidemiology Female Health aspects Health risks Higher education Humans Learning Learning disabilities Learning Disabilities - epidemiology Learning Disabilities - psychology Learning disorders Male Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Mental depression Mental disorders Mental health People and Places Perception Population studies Prevalence Psychological aspects Questionnaires Regression Analysis Risk factors Social Sciences Students Students - psychology Students - statistics & numerical data Substance abuse Substance use Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders - psychology Surveys and Questionnaires Teenagers Universities University students Young Adult |
| title | Perceived learning difficulty associates with depressive symptoms and substance use among students of higher educational institutions in North Western Ethiopia: A cross sectional study |
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