Immunological detection of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid for the detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a current area of development and PZA-resistant strains are increasingly prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a...
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description | Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a current area of development and PZA-resistant strains are increasingly prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a good predictor for PZA resistance since a resistant strain would not convert PZA into POA at a critical required rate, whereas a susceptible strain will do, expelling POA to the extracellular environment at a certain rate, and allowing for quantification of this accumulated analyte. In order to quantify POA, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) test using hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit serum against POA was developed: for this purpose, pure POA was first covalently linked to the highly immunogenic Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanine, and inoculated in rabbits. A construct made of bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to pure POA and fixed at the bottom of wells was used as a competitor against spiked samples and liquid Mtb culture supernatants. When spiked samples (commercial POA alone) were analyzed, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.16 mg/mL, the limit of detection 200 μg/mL and the assay was specific (it did not detect PZA, IC50 > 20 mg/mL). However, culture supernatants (7H9-OADC-PANTA medium) disrupted the competition and a proper icELISA curve was not obtainable. We consider that, although we have shown that it is feasible to induce antibodies against POA, matrix effects could damage its analytical usefulness; multiple, upcoming ways to solve this obstacle are suggested. |
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Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a good predictor for PZA resistance since a resistant strain would not convert PZA into POA at a critical required rate, whereas a susceptible strain will do, expelling POA to the extracellular environment at a certain rate, and allowing for quantification of this accumulated analyte. In order to quantify POA, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) test using hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit serum against POA was developed: for this purpose, pure POA was first covalently linked to the highly immunogenic Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanine, and inoculated in rabbits. A construct made of bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to pure POA and fixed at the bottom of wells was used as a competitor against spiked samples and liquid Mtb culture supernatants. When spiked samples (commercial POA alone) were analyzed, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.16 mg/mL, the limit of detection 200 μg/mL and the assay was specific (it did not detect PZA, IC50 > 20 mg/mL). However, culture supernatants (7H9-OADC-PANTA medium) disrupted the competition and a proper icELISA curve was not obtainable. We consider that, although we have shown that it is feasible to induce antibodies against POA, matrix effects could damage its analytical usefulness; multiple, upcoming ways to solve this obstacle are suggested.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241600</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33151985</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies - chemistry ; Antibodies - immunology ; Antitubercular Agents - toxicity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Bovine serum albumin ; Carboxylic acids ; Cytoplasm ; Drug resistance ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods ; Health aspects ; Immune response ; Immunoconjugates - chemistry ; Immunoconjugates - immunology ; Immunogenicity ; Immunology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Medical research ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolites ; Microbial drug resistance ; Mortality ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects ; Observations ; Patient outcomes ; Pyrazinamide ; Pyrazinamide - analogs & derivatives ; Pyrazinamide - chemistry ; Pyrazinamide - immunology ; Pyrazinamide - toxicity ; Pyrazine ; Rabbits ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Serum albumin ; Serum Albumin, Bovine - chemistry ; Testing ; Toxicity Tests - methods ; Tuberculosis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-11, Vol.15 (11), p.e0241600</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Florentini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Florentini et al 2020 Florentini et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-a7bccc5408dc0d7a884e08fdd11a5b1aa34503f9735f817ca1c38630fa0a3b423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-a7bccc5408dc0d7a884e08fdd11a5b1aa34503f9735f817ca1c38630fa0a3b423</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7118-9301 ; 0000-0002-2434-5244</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643994/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643994/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33151985$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>D'Auria, Sabato</contributor><creatorcontrib>Florentini, Edgar A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Angulo, Noelia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilman, Robert H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alcántara, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roncal, Elisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antiparra, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toscano, Emily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallejos, Katherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirwan, Danni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zimic, Mirko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheen, Patricia</creatorcontrib><title>Immunological detection of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid for the detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a current area of development and PZA-resistant strains are increasingly prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a good predictor for PZA resistance since a resistant strain would not convert PZA into POA at a critical required rate, whereas a susceptible strain will do, expelling POA to the extracellular environment at a certain rate, and allowing for quantification of this accumulated analyte. In order to quantify POA, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) test using hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit serum against POA was developed: for this purpose, pure POA was first covalently linked to the highly immunogenic Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanine, and inoculated in rabbits. A construct made of bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to pure POA and fixed at the bottom of wells was used as a competitor against spiked samples and liquid Mtb culture supernatants. When spiked samples (commercial POA alone) were analyzed, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.16 mg/mL, the limit of detection 200 μg/mL and the assay was specific (it did not detect PZA, IC50 > 20 mg/mL). However, culture supernatants (7H9-OADC-PANTA medium) disrupted the competition and a proper icELISA curve was not obtainable. 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Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a good predictor for PZA resistance since a resistant strain would not convert PZA into POA at a critical required rate, whereas a susceptible strain will do, expelling POA to the extracellular environment at a certain rate, and allowing for quantification of this accumulated analyte. In order to quantify POA, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) test using hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit serum against POA was developed: for this purpose, pure POA was first covalently linked to the highly immunogenic Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanine, and inoculated in rabbits. A construct made of bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to pure POA and fixed at the bottom of wells was used as a competitor against spiked samples and liquid Mtb culture supernatants. When spiked samples (commercial POA alone) were analyzed, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.16 mg/mL, the limit of detection 200 μg/mL and the assay was specific (it did not detect PZA, IC50 > 20 mg/mL). However, culture supernatants (7H9-OADC-PANTA medium) disrupted the competition and a proper icELISA curve was not obtainable. We consider that, although we have shown that it is feasible to induce antibodies against POA, matrix effects could damage its analytical usefulness; multiple, upcoming ways to solve this obstacle are suggested.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33151985</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0241600</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-9301</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2434-5244</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Antibodies Antibodies - chemistry Antibodies - immunology Antitubercular Agents - toxicity Biology and Life Sciences Bovine serum albumin Carboxylic acids Cytoplasm Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Bacterial Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods Health aspects Immune response Immunoconjugates - chemistry Immunoconjugates - immunology Immunogenicity Immunology Inhibitory Concentration 50 Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolites Microbial drug resistance Mortality Mutation Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects Observations Patient outcomes Pyrazinamide Pyrazinamide - analogs & derivatives Pyrazinamide - chemistry Pyrazinamide - immunology Pyrazinamide - toxicity Pyrazine Rabbits Research and Analysis Methods Serum albumin Serum Albumin, Bovine - chemistry Testing Toxicity Tests - methods Tuberculosis |
title | Immunological detection of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid for the detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-29T04%3A49%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Immunological%20detection%20of%20pyrazine-2-carboxylic%20acid%20for%20the%20detection%20of%20pyrazinamide%20resistance%20in%20Mycobacterium%20tuberculosis&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Florentini,%20Edgar%20A&rft.date=2020-11-05&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e0241600&rft.pages=e0241600-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0241600&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA640707122%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2457961835&rft_id=info:pmid/33151985&rft_galeid=A640707122&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_323a61b43f9241a1b4b39d221ba6862c&rfr_iscdi=true |