Immunological detection of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid for the detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a current area of development and PZA-resistant strains are increasingly prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2020-11, Vol.15 (11), p.e0241600
Hauptverfasser: Florentini, Edgar A, Angulo, Noelia, Gilman, Robert H, Alcántara, Roberto, Roncal, Elisa, Antiparra, Ricardo, Toscano, Emily, Vallejos, Katherine, Kirwan, Danni, Zimic, Mirko, Sheen, Patricia
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container_issue 11
container_start_page e0241600
container_title PloS one
container_volume 15
creator Florentini, Edgar A
Angulo, Noelia
Gilman, Robert H
Alcántara, Roberto
Roncal, Elisa
Antiparra, Ricardo
Toscano, Emily
Vallejos, Katherine
Kirwan, Danni
Zimic, Mirko
Sheen, Patricia
description Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a current area of development and PZA-resistant strains are increasingly prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a good predictor for PZA resistance since a resistant strain would not convert PZA into POA at a critical required rate, whereas a susceptible strain will do, expelling POA to the extracellular environment at a certain rate, and allowing for quantification of this accumulated analyte. In order to quantify POA, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) test using hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit serum against POA was developed: for this purpose, pure POA was first covalently linked to the highly immunogenic Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanine, and inoculated in rabbits. A construct made of bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to pure POA and fixed at the bottom of wells was used as a competitor against spiked samples and liquid Mtb culture supernatants. When spiked samples (commercial POA alone) were analyzed, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.16 mg/mL, the limit of detection 200 μg/mL and the assay was specific (it did not detect PZA, IC50 > 20 mg/mL). However, culture supernatants (7H9-OADC-PANTA medium) disrupted the competition and a proper icELISA curve was not obtainable. We consider that, although we have shown that it is feasible to induce antibodies against POA, matrix effects could damage its analytical usefulness; multiple, upcoming ways to solve this obstacle are suggested.
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subjects Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies - chemistry
Antibodies - immunology
Antitubercular Agents - toxicity
Biology and Life Sciences
Bovine serum albumin
Carboxylic acids
Cytoplasm
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods
Health aspects
Immune response
Immunoconjugates - chemistry
Immunoconjugates - immunology
Immunogenicity
Immunology
Inhibitory Concentration 50
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metabolites
Microbial drug resistance
Mortality
Mutation
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects
Observations
Patient outcomes
Pyrazinamide
Pyrazinamide - analogs & derivatives
Pyrazinamide - chemistry
Pyrazinamide - immunology
Pyrazinamide - toxicity
Pyrazine
Rabbits
Research and Analysis Methods
Serum albumin
Serum Albumin, Bovine - chemistry
Testing
Toxicity Tests - methods
Tuberculosis
title Immunological detection of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid for the detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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