Proteins associated with neutrophil degranulation are upregulated in nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 patients
COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared throughout the World and currently affected more than 9 million people and caused the death of around 470,000 patients. The novel strain of the coronavirus disease is transmittable at a devastating rate with a high rat...
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| creator | Akgun, Emel Tuzuner, Mete Bora Sahin, Betul Kilercik, Meltem Kulah, Canan Cakiroglu, Hacer Nur Serteser, Mustafa Unsal, Ibrahim Baykal, Ahmet Tarik |
| description | COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared throughout the World and currently affected more than 9 million people and caused the death of around 470,000 patients. The novel strain of the coronavirus disease is transmittable at a devastating rate with a high rate of severe hospitalization even more so for the elderly population. Naso-oro-pharyngeal swab samples as the first step towards detecting suspected infection of SARS-CoV-2 provides a non-invasive method for PCR testing at a high confidence rate. Furthermore, proteomics analysis of PCR positive and negative naso-oropharyngeal samples provides information on the molecular level which highlights disease pathology. Samples from 15 PCR positive cases and 15 PCR negative cases were analyzed with nanoLC-MS/MS to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Proteomic analyses identified 207 proteins across the sample set and 17 of them were statistically significant. Protein-protein interaction analyses emphasized pathways like Neutrophil degranulation, Innate Immune System, Antimicrobial Peptides. Neutrophil Elastase (ELANE), Azurocidin (AZU1), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Myeloblastin (PRTN3), Cathepsin G (CTSG) and Transcobalamine-1 (TCN1) were found to be significantly altered in naso-oropharyngeal samples of SARS-CoV-2 patients. The identified proteins are linked to alteration in the innate immune system specifically via neutrophil degranulation and NETosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0240012 |
| format | Article |
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The novel strain of the coronavirus disease is transmittable at a devastating rate with a high rate of severe hospitalization even more so for the elderly population. Naso-oro-pharyngeal swab samples as the first step towards detecting suspected infection of SARS-CoV-2 provides a non-invasive method for PCR testing at a high confidence rate. Furthermore, proteomics analysis of PCR positive and negative naso-oropharyngeal samples provides information on the molecular level which highlights disease pathology. Samples from 15 PCR positive cases and 15 PCR negative cases were analyzed with nanoLC-MS/MS to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Proteomic analyses identified 207 proteins across the sample set and 17 of them were statistically significant. Protein-protein interaction analyses emphasized pathways like Neutrophil degranulation, Innate Immune System, Antimicrobial Peptides. Neutrophil Elastase (ELANE), Azurocidin (AZU1), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Myeloblastin (PRTN3), Cathepsin G (CTSG) and Transcobalamine-1 (TCN1) were found to be significantly altered in naso-oropharyngeal samples of SARS-CoV-2 patients. The identified proteins are linked to alteration in the innate immune system specifically via neutrophil degranulation and NETosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240012</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33079950</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acids ; Adult ; Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Antimicrobial peptides ; Betacoronavirus - genetics ; Biochemistry ; Biology and Life Sciences ; CAP37 protein ; Cathepsin G ; Cell Degranulation - immunology ; Chromatography, Liquid - methods ; Confidence ; Coronaviridae ; Coronavirus Infections - immunology ; Coronavirus Infections - virology ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Degranulation ; Demographic aspects ; Diagnosis ; Distribution ; Elastase ; Enzymes ; Female ; Humans ; Immune system ; Infections ; Innate immunity ; Male ; Medical laboratories ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx - virology ; Neutrophil Activation - immunology ; Neutrophils ; Neutrophils - immunology ; Older people ; Pandemics ; Peptides ; Peroxidase ; Pharynx ; Physiological aspects ; Pneumonia, Viral - immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral - virology ; Protein interaction ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Proteins ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; Proteomics - methods ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory diseases ; RNA polymerase ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods ; Up-Regulation ; Viral diseases ; Viral infections ; Viral proteins ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-10, Vol.15 (10), p.e0240012</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Akgun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Akgun et al 2020 Akgun et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-71da6edee18e84089e318e8c55816d7aae6e0c44a8404330707865cbcbf30a203</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-71da6edee18e84089e318e8c55816d7aae6e0c44a8404330707865cbcbf30a203</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8814-7351 ; 0000-0001-7868-7613</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575075/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575075/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33079950$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Palaniyar, Nades</contributor><creatorcontrib>Akgun, Emel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuzuner, Mete Bora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Betul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kilercik, Meltem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kulah, Canan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cakiroglu, Hacer Nur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serteser, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unsal, Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baykal, Ahmet Tarik</creatorcontrib><title>Proteins associated with neutrophil degranulation are upregulated in nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 patients</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared throughout the World and currently affected more than 9 million people and caused the death of around 470,000 patients. 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Neutrophil Elastase (ELANE), Azurocidin (AZU1), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Myeloblastin (PRTN3), Cathepsin G (CTSG) and Transcobalamine-1 (TCN1) were found to be significantly altered in naso-oropharyngeal samples of SARS-CoV-2 patients. The identified proteins are linked to alteration in the innate immune system specifically via neutrophil degranulation and NETosis.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Antimicrobial peptides</subject><subject>Betacoronavirus - genetics</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>CAP37 protein</subject><subject>Cathepsin G</subject><subject>Cell Degranulation - immunology</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid - methods</subject><subject>Confidence</subject><subject>Coronaviridae</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - virology</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Degranulation</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Elastase</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Innate immunity</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical laboratories</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nasopharynx - virology</subject><subject>Neutrophil Activation - immunology</subject><subject>Neutrophils</subject><subject>Neutrophils - immunology</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Peroxidase</subject><subject>Pharynx</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - virology</subject><subject>Protein interaction</subject><subject>Protein Interaction Maps</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Proteome</subject><subject>Proteomics</subject><subject>Proteomics - methods</subject><subject>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>RNA polymerase</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Akgun, Emel</au><au>Tuzuner, Mete Bora</au><au>Sahin, Betul</au><au>Kilercik, Meltem</au><au>Kulah, Canan</au><au>Cakiroglu, Hacer Nur</au><au>Serteser, Mustafa</au><au>Unsal, Ibrahim</au><au>Baykal, Ahmet Tarik</au><au>Palaniyar, Nades</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Proteins associated with neutrophil degranulation are upregulated in nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 patients</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-10-20</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0240012</spage><pages>e0240012-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared throughout the World and currently affected more than 9 million people and caused the death of around 470,000 patients. The novel strain of the coronavirus disease is transmittable at a devastating rate with a high rate of severe hospitalization even more so for the elderly population. Naso-oro-pharyngeal swab samples as the first step towards detecting suspected infection of SARS-CoV-2 provides a non-invasive method for PCR testing at a high confidence rate. Furthermore, proteomics analysis of PCR positive and negative naso-oropharyngeal samples provides information on the molecular level which highlights disease pathology. Samples from 15 PCR positive cases and 15 PCR negative cases were analyzed with nanoLC-MS/MS to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Proteomic analyses identified 207 proteins across the sample set and 17 of them were statistically significant. Protein-protein interaction analyses emphasized pathways like Neutrophil degranulation, Innate Immune System, Antimicrobial Peptides. Neutrophil Elastase (ELANE), Azurocidin (AZU1), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Myeloblastin (PRTN3), Cathepsin G (CTSG) and Transcobalamine-1 (TCN1) were found to be significantly altered in naso-oropharyngeal samples of SARS-CoV-2 patients. The identified proteins are linked to alteration in the innate immune system specifically via neutrophil degranulation and NETosis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33079950</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0240012</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-7351</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-7613</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-10, Vol.15 (10), p.e0240012 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2452450166 |
| source | PLoS; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Acids Adult Antiinfectives and antibacterials Antimicrobial peptides Betacoronavirus - genetics Biochemistry Biology and Life Sciences CAP37 protein Cathepsin G Cell Degranulation - immunology Chromatography, Liquid - methods Confidence Coronaviridae Coronavirus Infections - immunology Coronavirus Infections - virology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Degranulation Demographic aspects Diagnosis Distribution Elastase Enzymes Female Humans Immune system Infections Innate immunity Male Medical laboratories Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Nasopharynx - virology Neutrophil Activation - immunology Neutrophils Neutrophils - immunology Older people Pandemics Peptides Peroxidase Pharynx Physiological aspects Pneumonia, Viral - immunology Pneumonia, Viral - virology Protein interaction Protein Interaction Maps Proteins Proteome Proteomics Proteomics - methods Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Respiratory diseases RNA polymerase SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical analysis Statistical methods Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods Up-Regulation Viral diseases Viral infections Viral proteins Young Adult |
| title | Proteins associated with neutrophil degranulation are upregulated in nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 patients |
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