Mitochondrial genomes of stick insects (Phasmatodea) and phylogenetic considerations
Phasmatodea represents an order of hemimetabolous insects. This group includes species with extreme forms of masquerade crypsis, whereby they imitate twigs, bark, lichen, moss, and leaves. In this study, we sequenced and annotated three mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from Phasmatodea. The lengt...
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| description | Phasmatodea represents an order of hemimetabolous insects. This group includes species with extreme forms of masquerade crypsis, whereby they imitate twigs, bark, lichen, moss, and leaves. In this study, we sequenced and annotated three mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from Phasmatodea. The lengths of the novel mitogenomes range from 14,162 bp to 15,879 bp. The gene content and organization correspond to those inferred for the ancestral insect. We conducted phylogenetic analyses together with the existing mitogenomes of polyneopterans and mayflies. In most cases, the Phasmatodea was non-monophyletic, with Embioptera and Zoraptera nested inside. The mitogenome sequences from Embioptera and Zoraptera suffered from high substitution rates and displayed very long branches in phylogenetic trees. The monophyletic Phasmatodea was recovered only when the analysis employed the site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR model in PhyloBayes and used the nucleotide dataset PCG_nt. The Euphasmatodea was well established by various data types and inference methods. In addition, the clade Heteropterygidae and the subfamilies Lonchodinae and Necrosciinae were strongly supported. The Australasian clade Lanceocercata was recovered across analyses. However, the Clitumninae was non-monophyletic. |
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This group includes species with extreme forms of masquerade crypsis, whereby they imitate twigs, bark, lichen, moss, and leaves. In this study, we sequenced and annotated three mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from Phasmatodea. The lengths of the novel mitogenomes range from 14,162 bp to 15,879 bp. The gene content and organization correspond to those inferred for the ancestral insect. We conducted phylogenetic analyses together with the existing mitogenomes of polyneopterans and mayflies. In most cases, the Phasmatodea was non-monophyletic, with Embioptera and Zoraptera nested inside. The mitogenome sequences from Embioptera and Zoraptera suffered from high substitution rates and displayed very long branches in phylogenetic trees. The monophyletic Phasmatodea was recovered only when the analysis employed the site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR model in PhyloBayes and used the nucleotide dataset PCG_nt. The Euphasmatodea was well established by various data types and inference methods. In addition, the clade Heteropterygidae and the subfamilies Lonchodinae and Necrosciinae were strongly supported. The Australasian clade Lanceocercata was recovered across analyses. However, the Clitumninae was non-monophyletic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240186</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33021991</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Aquatic insects ; Bark ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Crypsis ; Datasets ; Embioptera ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genome, Insect ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Genomes ; Hypothesis testing ; Identification and classification ; Insecta - classification ; Insecta - genetics ; Insects ; Mitochondria ; Morphology ; Nucleotides ; Phasmatodea ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Physiological aspects ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Transfer RNA ; Trees ; Zoraptera</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-10, Vol.15 (10), p.e0240186-e0240186</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Song et al 2020 Song et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-cac100f5baa4dcd0f65705de409f1c4060d66bcd97ec2f64115781cfc86bb9243</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-cac100f5baa4dcd0f65705de409f1c4060d66bcd97ec2f64115781cfc86bb9243</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1796-3503</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7537864/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7537864/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33021991$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Song, Nan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xinghao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Na, Risong</creatorcontrib><title>Mitochondrial genomes of stick insects (Phasmatodea) and phylogenetic considerations</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Phasmatodea represents an order of hemimetabolous insects. This group includes species with extreme forms of masquerade crypsis, whereby they imitate twigs, bark, lichen, moss, and leaves. In this study, we sequenced and annotated three mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from Phasmatodea. The lengths of the novel mitogenomes range from 14,162 bp to 15,879 bp. The gene content and organization correspond to those inferred for the ancestral insect. We conducted phylogenetic analyses together with the existing mitogenomes of polyneopterans and mayflies. In most cases, the Phasmatodea was non-monophyletic, with Embioptera and Zoraptera nested inside. The mitogenome sequences from Embioptera and Zoraptera suffered from high substitution rates and displayed very long branches in phylogenetic trees. The monophyletic Phasmatodea was recovered only when the analysis employed the site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR model in PhyloBayes and used the nucleotide dataset PCG_nt. The Euphasmatodea was well established by various data types and inference methods. In addition, the clade Heteropterygidae and the subfamilies Lonchodinae and Necrosciinae were strongly supported. The Australasian clade Lanceocercata was recovered across analyses. However, the Clitumninae was non-monophyletic.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Bark</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Computer and Information Sciences</subject><subject>Crypsis</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Embioptera</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genome, Insect</subject><subject>Genome, Mitochondrial</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Hypothesis testing</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Insecta - classification</subject><subject>Insecta - genetics</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nucleotides</subject><subject>Phasmatodea</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Transfer RNA</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Zoraptera</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkktvEzEQx1cIREvhGyBYiUs5JPjt9aVSVfGoVASHcrZm_Ugcdu1gb5D67XGabdWiygePxr_5z8PTNG8xWmIq8adN2uUIw3KbolsiwhDuxLPmGCtKFoIg-vyBfdS8KmWDEKedEC-bI0oRwUrh4-b6e5iSWadoc4ChXbmYRlfa5NsyBfO7DbE4M5X29OcayghTsg4-thBtu13fDKnyrnKtSbEE6zJMoVqvmxcehuLezPdJ8-vL5-uLb4urH18vL86vFoYrOi0MGIyQ5z0As8YiL7hE3DqGlMeGIYGsEL2xSjpDvGAYc9lh400n-l4RRk-a9wfd7ZCKngdSNGGs6yhnjFTi8kDYBBu9zWGEfKMTBH3rSHmlIdcGBqc71XVcWA6IStbzmkESyrwEQKLH1lWtsznbrh-dNS5OGYZHoo9fYljrVfqrJaeyE_tyT2eBnP7sXJn0GIpxwwDRpd1t3QpLKYiq6If_0Ke7m6kV1AZC9KnmNXtRfS6oFJhyiSu1fIKqx7ox1I9zPlT_owB2CDA5lZKdv-8RI73fvbti9H739Lx7Nezdw_ncB90tG_0H2b3XDQ</recordid><startdate>20201006</startdate><enddate>20201006</enddate><creator>Song, Nan</creator><creator>Li, Xinghao</creator><creator>Na, Risong</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-3503</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201006</creationdate><title>Mitochondrial genomes of stick insects (Phasmatodea) and phylogenetic considerations</title><author>Song, Nan ; Li, Xinghao ; Na, Risong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-cac100f5baa4dcd0f65705de409f1c4060d66bcd97ec2f64115781cfc86bb9243</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aquatic insects</topic><topic>Bark</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Computer and Information Sciences</topic><topic>Crypsis</topic><topic>Datasets</topic><topic>Embioptera</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genome, Insect</topic><topic>Genome, Mitochondrial</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Hypothesis testing</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Insecta - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Song, Nan</au><au>Li, Xinghao</au><au>Na, Risong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mitochondrial genomes of stick insects (Phasmatodea) and phylogenetic considerations</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-10-06</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0240186</spage><epage>e0240186</epage><pages>e0240186-e0240186</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Phasmatodea represents an order of hemimetabolous insects. This group includes species with extreme forms of masquerade crypsis, whereby they imitate twigs, bark, lichen, moss, and leaves. In this study, we sequenced and annotated three mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from Phasmatodea. The lengths of the novel mitogenomes range from 14,162 bp to 15,879 bp. The gene content and organization correspond to those inferred for the ancestral insect. We conducted phylogenetic analyses together with the existing mitogenomes of polyneopterans and mayflies. In most cases, the Phasmatodea was non-monophyletic, with Embioptera and Zoraptera nested inside. The mitogenome sequences from Embioptera and Zoraptera suffered from high substitution rates and displayed very long branches in phylogenetic trees. The monophyletic Phasmatodea was recovered only when the analysis employed the site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR model in PhyloBayes and used the nucleotide dataset PCG_nt. The Euphasmatodea was well established by various data types and inference methods. In addition, the clade Heteropterygidae and the subfamilies Lonchodinae and Necrosciinae were strongly supported. The Australasian clade Lanceocercata was recovered across analyses. However, the Clitumninae was non-monophyletic.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>33021991</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0240186</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-3503</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Aquatic insects Bark Biology and Life Sciences Computer and Information Sciences Crypsis Datasets Embioptera Genes Genetic aspects Genome, Insect Genome, Mitochondrial Genomes Hypothesis testing Identification and classification Insecta - classification Insecta - genetics Insects Mitochondria Morphology Nucleotides Phasmatodea Phylogenetics Phylogeny Physiological aspects Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Transfer RNA Trees Zoraptera |
| title | Mitochondrial genomes of stick insects (Phasmatodea) and phylogenetic considerations |
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