Gender differences in factors influencing intention to undergo cardiovascular disease health checks: A cross-sectional survey
Undergo a health check for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important strategy to improve cardiovascular (CV) health. Men are reported to be less likely to undergo cardiovascular disease (CVD) health check than women. Gender difference could be one of the factors influencing health seeking behavio...
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| description | Undergo a health check for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important strategy to improve cardiovascular (CV) health. Men are reported to be less likely to undergo cardiovascular disease (CVD) health check than women. Gender difference could be one of the factors influencing health seeking behaviour of men and women. We aimed to identify gender differences in factors influencing the intention to undergo CVD health checks. This was a cross-sectional survey using mall intercept interviews. Malaysians aged [greater than or equal to]30 years without known CVD were recruited. They were asked for their intention to undergo CVD health checks and associated factors. The factors included seven internal factors that were related to individuals' attitude, perception and preparedness for CVD health checks and two external factors that were related to external resources. Hierarchical ordinal regression analysis was used to evaluate the importance of the factors on intention to undergo CVD health checks, for men and women separately. 397 participants were recruited, 60% were women. For men, internal factors explained 31.6% of the variances in likeliness and 9.6% of the timeline to undergo CVD health checks, with 1.2% and 1.8% added respectively when external factors were sequentially included. For women, internal factors explained 18.9% and 22.1% of the variances, with 3.1% and 4.2% added with inclusion of the external factors. In men, perceived drawbacks of health checks was a significant negative factor associated with likeliness to undergo CVD health checks (coefficient = -1.093; 95%CI:-1.592 to -0.594), and timeline for checks (coefficient = -0.533; 95%CI:-0.975 to -0.091). In women, readiness to handle outcomes following health checks was significantly associated with likeliness to undergo the checks (coefficient = 0.575; 95%CI: 0.063 to 1.087), and timeline for checks (coefficient = 0.645; 95%CI: 0.162 to 1.128). Both external factors 1) influence by significant others (coefficient = 0.406; 95%CI: 0.013 to 0.800) and 2) external barriers (coefficient = -0.440; 95%CI:-0.869 to -0.011) were also significantly associated with likeliness to undergo CVD health checks in women. Both men and women were influenced by internal factors in their intention to undergo CVD health checks, and women were also influenced by external factors. Interventions to encourage CVD health checks need to focus on internal factors and be gender sensitive. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0239679 |
| format | Article |
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Men are reported to be less likely to undergo cardiovascular disease (CVD) health check than women. Gender difference could be one of the factors influencing health seeking behaviour of men and women. We aimed to identify gender differences in factors influencing the intention to undergo CVD health checks. This was a cross-sectional survey using mall intercept interviews. Malaysians aged [greater than or equal to]30 years without known CVD were recruited. They were asked for their intention to undergo CVD health checks and associated factors. The factors included seven internal factors that were related to individuals' attitude, perception and preparedness for CVD health checks and two external factors that were related to external resources. Hierarchical ordinal regression analysis was used to evaluate the importance of the factors on intention to undergo CVD health checks, for men and women separately. 397 participants were recruited, 60% were women. For men, internal factors explained 31.6% of the variances in likeliness and 9.6% of the timeline to undergo CVD health checks, with 1.2% and 1.8% added respectively when external factors were sequentially included. For women, internal factors explained 18.9% and 22.1% of the variances, with 3.1% and 4.2% added with inclusion of the external factors. In men, perceived drawbacks of health checks was a significant negative factor associated with likeliness to undergo CVD health checks (coefficient = -1.093; 95%CI:-1.592 to -0.594), and timeline for checks (coefficient = -0.533; 95%CI:-0.975 to -0.091). In women, readiness to handle outcomes following health checks was significantly associated with likeliness to undergo the checks (coefficient = 0.575; 95%CI: 0.063 to 1.087), and timeline for checks (coefficient = 0.645; 95%CI: 0.162 to 1.128). Both external factors 1) influence by significant others (coefficient = 0.406; 95%CI: 0.013 to 0.800) and 2) external barriers (coefficient = -0.440; 95%CI:-0.869 to -0.011) were also significantly associated with likeliness to undergo CVD health checks in women. Both men and women were influenced by internal factors in their intention to undergo CVD health checks, and women were also influenced by external factors. Interventions to encourage CVD health checks need to focus on internal factors and be gender sensitive.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239679</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32970741</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Coefficients ; Cross-sectional studies ; Diagnosis ; Disease prevention ; Gender ; Gender aspects ; Gender differences ; Health aspects ; Health behavior ; Health risks ; Health screening ; Heart diseases ; Likert scale ; Low income groups ; Medical screening ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Men ; Methods ; People and Places ; Perceptions ; Polls & surveys ; Primary care ; Questionnaires ; Regression analysis ; Risk factors ; Sex differences ; Sex differences (Psychology) ; Social aspects ; Supervision ; Surveys ; Women ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-09, Vol.15 (9), p.e0239679-e0239679</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Cheong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Men are reported to be less likely to undergo cardiovascular disease (CVD) health check than women. Gender difference could be one of the factors influencing health seeking behaviour of men and women. We aimed to identify gender differences in factors influencing the intention to undergo CVD health checks. This was a cross-sectional survey using mall intercept interviews. Malaysians aged [greater than or equal to]30 years without known CVD were recruited. They were asked for their intention to undergo CVD health checks and associated factors. The factors included seven internal factors that were related to individuals' attitude, perception and preparedness for CVD health checks and two external factors that were related to external resources. Hierarchical ordinal regression analysis was used to evaluate the importance of the factors on intention to undergo CVD health checks, for men and women separately. 397 participants were recruited, 60% were women. For men, internal factors explained 31.6% of the variances in likeliness and 9.6% of the timeline to undergo CVD health checks, with 1.2% and 1.8% added respectively when external factors were sequentially included. For women, internal factors explained 18.9% and 22.1% of the variances, with 3.1% and 4.2% added with inclusion of the external factors. In men, perceived drawbacks of health checks was a significant negative factor associated with likeliness to undergo CVD health checks (coefficient = -1.093; 95%CI:-1.592 to -0.594), and timeline for checks (coefficient = -0.533; 95%CI:-0.975 to -0.091). In women, readiness to handle outcomes following health checks was significantly associated with likeliness to undergo the checks (coefficient = 0.575; 95%CI: 0.063 to 1.087), and timeline for checks (coefficient = 0.645; 95%CI: 0.162 to 1.128). Both external factors 1) influence by significant others (coefficient = 0.406; 95%CI: 0.013 to 0.800) and 2) external barriers (coefficient = -0.440; 95%CI:-0.869 to -0.011) were also significantly associated with likeliness to undergo CVD health checks in women. Both men and women were influenced by internal factors in their intention to undergo CVD health checks, and women were also influenced by external factors. Interventions to encourage CVD health checks need to focus on internal factors and be gender sensitive.</description><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Coefficients</subject><subject>Cross-sectional studies</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Gender aspects</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health behavior</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Health screening</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Likert scale</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Medical screening</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Primary care</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>Sex differences (Psychology)</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Supervision</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Womens 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differences in factors influencing intention to undergo cardiovascular disease health checks: A cross-sectional survey</title><author>Cheong, Ai Theng ; Tong, Seng Fah ; Chinna, Karuthan ; Khoo, Ee Ming ; Liew, Su May ; Pakpour, Amir H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-e9feac965316378f399fd0c4f5e76a62be8642745ce8baab32f84485973df4b33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Coefficients</topic><topic>Cross-sectional studies</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Disease prevention</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Gender aspects</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health behavior</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Health screening</topic><topic>Heart diseases</topic><topic>Likert scale</topic><topic>Low income 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one</jtitle><date>2020-09-24</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0239679</spage><epage>e0239679</epage><pages>e0239679-e0239679</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Undergo a health check for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important strategy to improve cardiovascular (CV) health. Men are reported to be less likely to undergo cardiovascular disease (CVD) health check than women. Gender difference could be one of the factors influencing health seeking behaviour of men and women. We aimed to identify gender differences in factors influencing the intention to undergo CVD health checks. This was a cross-sectional survey using mall intercept interviews. Malaysians aged [greater than or equal to]30 years without known CVD were recruited. They were asked for their intention to undergo CVD health checks and associated factors. The factors included seven internal factors that were related to individuals' attitude, perception and preparedness for CVD health checks and two external factors that were related to external resources. Hierarchical ordinal regression analysis was used to evaluate the importance of the factors on intention to undergo CVD health checks, for men and women separately. 397 participants were recruited, 60% were women. For men, internal factors explained 31.6% of the variances in likeliness and 9.6% of the timeline to undergo CVD health checks, with 1.2% and 1.8% added respectively when external factors were sequentially included. For women, internal factors explained 18.9% and 22.1% of the variances, with 3.1% and 4.2% added with inclusion of the external factors. In men, perceived drawbacks of health checks was a significant negative factor associated with likeliness to undergo CVD health checks (coefficient = -1.093; 95%CI:-1.592 to -0.594), and timeline for checks (coefficient = -0.533; 95%CI:-0.975 to -0.091). In women, readiness to handle outcomes following health checks was significantly associated with likeliness to undergo the checks (coefficient = 0.575; 95%CI: 0.063 to 1.087), and timeline for checks (coefficient = 0.645; 95%CI: 0.162 to 1.128). Both external factors 1) influence by significant others (coefficient = 0.406; 95%CI: 0.013 to 0.800) and 2) external barriers (coefficient = -0.440; 95%CI:-0.869 to -0.011) were also significantly associated with likeliness to undergo CVD health checks in women. Both men and women were influenced by internal factors in their intention to undergo CVD health checks, and women were also influenced by external factors. Interventions to encourage CVD health checks need to focus on internal factors and be gender sensitive.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32970741</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0239679</doi><tpages>e0239679</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3895-530X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-1264</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Coefficients Cross-sectional studies Diagnosis Disease prevention Gender Gender aspects Gender differences Health aspects Health behavior Health risks Health screening Heart diseases Likert scale Low income groups Medical screening Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Men Methods People and Places Perceptions Polls & surveys Primary care Questionnaires Regression analysis Risk factors Sex differences Sex differences (Psychology) Social aspects Supervision Surveys Women Womens health |
| title | Gender differences in factors influencing intention to undergo cardiovascular disease health checks: A cross-sectional survey |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-13T13%3A58%3A22IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gender%20differences%20in%20factors%20influencing%20intention%20to%20undergo%20cardiovascular%20disease%20health%20checks:%20A%20cross-sectional%20survey&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Cheong,%20Ai%20Theng&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0239679&rft.epage=e0239679&rft.pages=e0239679-e0239679&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0239679&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA636415880%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2445951753&rft_id=info:pmid/32970741&rft_galeid=A636415880&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_4b5547fb4ebc44dbbc5a257577c6414d&rfr_iscdi=true |