Magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Malnutrition on the background of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a complex medical condition that carries significant morbidity and mortality for affected children, with greater mortality from SAM (Severe Acute Malnutrition) among HIV-positive children than their HIV-negative peers....
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| description | Malnutrition on the background of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a complex medical condition that carries significant morbidity and mortality for affected children, with greater mortality from SAM (Severe Acute Malnutrition) among HIV-positive children than their HIV-negative peers. HIV-induced immune impairment heightened risk of opportunistic infection and can worsen nutritional status of children. HIV infection often leads to nutritional deficiencies through decreased food intake, mal-absorption and increased utilization and excretion of nutrients, which in turn can hasten death.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa.
The authors systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that assessed the prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Gray Literatures using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guideline. The last search date was December 30/2019. The data was extracted in excel sheet considering country, study design, year of publication, prevalence reported. Then the authors transformed the data to STATA 14 for analysis. Heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by the Q and the I2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting. The subgroup analysis was done by country, year of publication, and study design. To examine publication bias, a funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used.
For the analysis a total of 22 studies with 22074 patients were used. The pooled prevalence of under-weight, wasting, and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa was found to be 41.63% (95%CI; 35.69-47.57; I2 = 98.7%; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0238403 |
| format | Article |
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The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa.
The authors systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that assessed the prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Gray Literatures using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guideline. The last search date was December 30/2019. The data was extracted in excel sheet considering country, study design, year of publication, prevalence reported. Then the authors transformed the data to STATA 14 for analysis. Heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by the Q and the I2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting. The subgroup analysis was done by country, year of publication, and study design. To examine publication bias, a funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used.
For the analysis a total of 22 studies with 22074 patients were used. The pooled prevalence of under-weight, wasting, and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa was found to be 41.63% (95%CI; 35.69-47.57; I2 = 98.7%; p<0.001), 24.65% (95%CI; 18.34-30.95; I2 = 99.2%; p<0.001), and 49.68% (95%CI; 42.59-56.77; I2 = 99.0%; p<0.001) respectively. The prevalence of under-weight among HIV positive children was found to be 49.67% in Ethiopia followed by 42.00 in Rwanda. It was high among cohort studies (44.87%). Based on the year of publication, the prevalence of under-weight among HIV positive children was found to be 40.88% from studies conducted from January 2008-December 2014, while it was 43.68% from studies conducted from 2015-2019. The prevalence of wasting among HIV positive children was found to be 29.7% in Tanzania followed by 24.94% in Ethiopia. Based on the study design, the prevalence of wasting among HIV positive children was found to be high in cohort studies (31.15%). The prevalence of stunting among HIV positive children was found to be 51.63% in Ethiopia, followed by 48.21% in Uganda.
The results presented above provide evidence of a higher prevalence of under nutrition among HIV positive children in East Africa. Despite the country level variations of child under nutrition in East Africa, still it is high in all aspects compared to the studies from other parts of Africa. It is recommended that further systematic review and meta-analysis need to be conducted on magnitude of malnutrition among HIV positive children in Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238403</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32941443</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Africa, Eastern - epidemiology ; AIDS ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Child ; Child malnutrition ; Children ; Complications and side effects ; Design ; Female ; Food intake ; Growth Disorders - epidemiology ; Growth Disorders - etiology ; Health risks ; Heterogeneity ; HIV ; HIV Infections - complications ; HIV wasting syndrome ; HIV Wasting Syndrome - epidemiology ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Medical ethics ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Meta-analysis ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Nutrient deficiency ; Nutrients ; Nutrition ; Nutritional status ; Opportunist infection ; Pediatric HIV infections ; Pediatric research ; People and Places ; Prevalence ; Regression analysis ; Risk factors ; Science Policy ; Severe Acute Malnutrition - epidemiology ; Severe Acute Malnutrition - etiology ; Severe Acute Malnutrition - mortality ; Statistics ; Subgroups ; Thinness - epidemiology ; Thinness - etiology ; Underweight ; Viruses ; Weight</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-09, Vol.15 (9), p.e0238403</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Abate et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Abate et al 2020 Abate et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fe7de9c93ee57d2107c6a2f839b83c5141590e80c1e26d532666e188d5f151c83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fe7de9c93ee57d2107c6a2f839b83c5141590e80c1e26d532666e188d5f151c83</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0833-2504</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7498078/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7498078/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32941443$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Marotta, Claudia</contributor><creatorcontrib>Abate, Biruk Beletew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aragie, Teshome Gebremeskel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tesfaw, Getachew</creatorcontrib><title>Magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Malnutrition on the background of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a complex medical condition that carries significant morbidity and mortality for affected children, with greater mortality from SAM (Severe Acute Malnutrition) among HIV-positive children than their HIV-negative peers. HIV-induced immune impairment heightened risk of opportunistic infection and can worsen nutritional status of children. HIV infection often leads to nutritional deficiencies through decreased food intake, mal-absorption and increased utilization and excretion of nutrients, which in turn can hasten death.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa.
The authors systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that assessed the prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Gray Literatures using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guideline. The last search date was December 30/2019. The data was extracted in excel sheet considering country, study design, year of publication, prevalence reported. Then the authors transformed the data to STATA 14 for analysis. Heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by the Q and the I2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting. The subgroup analysis was done by country, year of publication, and study design. To examine publication bias, a funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used.
For the analysis a total of 22 studies with 22074 patients were used. The pooled prevalence of under-weight, wasting, and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa was found to be 41.63% (95%CI; 35.69-47.57; I2 = 98.7%; p<0.001), 24.65% (95%CI; 18.34-30.95; I2 = 99.2%; p<0.001), and 49.68% (95%CI; 42.59-56.77; I2 = 99.0%; p<0.001) respectively. The prevalence of under-weight among HIV positive children was found to be 49.67% in Ethiopia followed by 42.00 in Rwanda. It was high among cohort studies (44.87%). Based on the year of publication, the prevalence of under-weight among HIV positive children was found to be 40.88% from studies conducted from January 2008-December 2014, while it was 43.68% from studies conducted from 2015-2019. The prevalence of wasting among HIV positive children was found to be 29.7% in Tanzania followed by 24.94% in Ethiopia. Based on the study design, the prevalence of wasting among HIV positive children was found to be high in cohort studies (31.15%). The prevalence of stunting among HIV positive children was found to be 51.63% in Ethiopia, followed by 48.21% in Uganda.
The results presented above provide evidence of a higher prevalence of under nutrition among HIV positive children in East Africa. Despite the country level variations of child under nutrition in East Africa, still it is high in all aspects compared to the studies from other parts of Africa. It is recommended that further systematic review and meta-analysis need to be conducted on magnitude of malnutrition among HIV positive children in Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>Africa, Eastern - epidemiology</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child malnutrition</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food intake</subject><subject>Growth Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Growth Disorders - etiology</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - complications</subject><subject>HIV wasting syndrome</subject><subject>HIV Wasting Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Malnutrition</subject><subject>Medical ethics</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutritional status</subject><subject>Opportunist infection</subject><subject>Pediatric HIV infections</subject><subject>Pediatric research</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Science Policy</subject><subject>Severe Acute Malnutrition - epidemiology</subject><subject>Severe Acute Malnutrition - etiology</subject><subject>Severe Acute Malnutrition - mortality</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Subgroups</subject><subject>Thinness - epidemiology</subject><subject>Thinness - etiology</subject><subject>Underweight</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Weight</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBYQkIg0eKPOB9cIFXTYJWGJvGxW8t1TlJXid3ZTkvv-Om4bTa1aBcokhM7z3nPe05ykuQlwWPCcvJxYXtnZDteWgNjTFmRYvYoOSUlo6OMYvb44Pkkeeb9AmPOiix7mpwwWqYkTdlp8uebbIwOfQXI1qg3Fbg16GYePqC19EGbBklTIR96s990Nq6X0xu0tF4HvQKk5rqtHBikDbqIMWhSO63kJzRBfuMDdDJohRysNKx3Yh0EOZLR-8Zr_zx5UsvWw4vhfpb8-nLx8_xydHX9dXo-uRqprKRhVENeQalKBsDzihKcq0zSumDlrGCKk5TwEkOBFQGaVZzRLMuAFEXFa8KJKthZ8nqvu2ytF0PzvKCxC0WeliWPxHRPVFYuxNLpTrqNsFKL3YF1jZAultKCoIRKFXPVWNZplc5KTnkZfUBec5lmNGp9HrL1sw4qBSY42R6JHr8xei4auxLRSoHzrd13g4Cztz34IDrtFbStNGD7ne-U5QWlW99v_kEfrm6gGhkL0Ka2Ma_aiopJxnie5jnPIzV-gIpXBZ1W8U-rdTw_Cnh_FBCZAL9DI3vvxfTH9_9nr2-O2bcH7BxkG-betn3Q1vhjMN2DylnvHdT3TSZYbAflrhtiOyhiGJQY9urwA90H3U0G-wsPzQ4p</recordid><startdate>20200917</startdate><enddate>20200917</enddate><creator>Abate, Biruk Beletew</creator><creator>Aragie, Teshome Gebremeskel</creator><creator>Tesfaw, Getachew</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0833-2504</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200917</creationdate><title>Magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis</title><author>Abate, Biruk Beletew ; Aragie, Teshome Gebremeskel ; Tesfaw, Getachew</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fe7de9c93ee57d2107c6a2f839b83c5141590e80c1e26d532666e188d5f151c83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</topic><topic>Africa, Eastern - 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epidemiology</topic><topic>Severe Acute Malnutrition - etiology</topic><topic>Severe Acute Malnutrition - mortality</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Subgroups</topic><topic>Thinness - epidemiology</topic><topic>Thinness - etiology</topic><topic>Underweight</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Weight</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abate, Biruk Beletew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aragie, Teshome Gebremeskel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tesfaw, Getachew</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abate, Biruk Beletew</au><au>Aragie, Teshome Gebremeskel</au><au>Tesfaw, Getachew</au><au>Marotta, Claudia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-09-17</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0238403</spage><pages>e0238403-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Malnutrition on the background of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a complex medical condition that carries significant morbidity and mortality for affected children, with greater mortality from SAM (Severe Acute Malnutrition) among HIV-positive children than their HIV-negative peers. HIV-induced immune impairment heightened risk of opportunistic infection and can worsen nutritional status of children. HIV infection often leads to nutritional deficiencies through decreased food intake, mal-absorption and increased utilization and excretion of nutrients, which in turn can hasten death.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa.
The authors systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that assessed the prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Gray Literatures using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guideline. The last search date was December 30/2019. The data was extracted in excel sheet considering country, study design, year of publication, prevalence reported. Then the authors transformed the data to STATA 14 for analysis. Heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by the Q and the I2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting. The subgroup analysis was done by country, year of publication, and study design. To examine publication bias, a funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used.
For the analysis a total of 22 studies with 22074 patients were used. The pooled prevalence of under-weight, wasting, and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa was found to be 41.63% (95%CI; 35.69-47.57; I2 = 98.7%; p<0.001), 24.65% (95%CI; 18.34-30.95; I2 = 99.2%; p<0.001), and 49.68% (95%CI; 42.59-56.77; I2 = 99.0%; p<0.001) respectively. The prevalence of under-weight among HIV positive children was found to be 49.67% in Ethiopia followed by 42.00 in Rwanda. It was high among cohort studies (44.87%). Based on the year of publication, the prevalence of under-weight among HIV positive children was found to be 40.88% from studies conducted from January 2008-December 2014, while it was 43.68% from studies conducted from 2015-2019. The prevalence of wasting among HIV positive children was found to be 29.7% in Tanzania followed by 24.94% in Ethiopia. Based on the study design, the prevalence of wasting among HIV positive children was found to be high in cohort studies (31.15%). The prevalence of stunting among HIV positive children was found to be 51.63% in Ethiopia, followed by 48.21% in Uganda.
The results presented above provide evidence of a higher prevalence of under nutrition among HIV positive children in East Africa. Despite the country level variations of child under nutrition in East Africa, still it is high in all aspects compared to the studies from other parts of Africa. It is recommended that further systematic review and meta-analysis need to be conducted on magnitude of malnutrition among HIV positive children in Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32941443</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0238403</doi><tpages>e0238403</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0833-2504</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-09, Vol.15 (9), p.e0238403 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2443874995 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Africa, Eastern - epidemiology AIDS Biology and Life Sciences Child Child malnutrition Children Complications and side effects Design Female Food intake Growth Disorders - epidemiology Growth Disorders - etiology Health risks Heterogeneity HIV HIV Infections - complications HIV wasting syndrome HIV Wasting Syndrome - epidemiology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Male Malnutrition Medical ethics Medicine and Health Sciences Meta-analysis Morbidity Mortality Nutrient deficiency Nutrients Nutrition Nutritional status Opportunist infection Pediatric HIV infections Pediatric research People and Places Prevalence Regression analysis Risk factors Science Policy Severe Acute Malnutrition - epidemiology Severe Acute Malnutrition - etiology Severe Acute Malnutrition - mortality Statistics Subgroups Thinness - epidemiology Thinness - etiology Underweight Viruses Weight |
| title | Magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
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