Apparent prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India
Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogen infecting wide range of mammals, including humans. In the present study, a total of 711 blood samples from bovines [cattle (n = 543) and buffaloes (n = 168)] from eight farms at different geographical locations in India were screened for C....
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| description | Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogen infecting wide range of mammals, including humans. In the present study, a total of 711 blood samples from bovines [cattle (n = 543) and buffaloes (n = 168)] from eight farms at different geographical locations in India were screened for C. burnetii targeting the IS1111 and the com1 genes. The anti-C. burnetii antibodies in serum samples were detected using indirect-ELISA kits. Also, a total of 21 parameters pertaining to animal health and farm management were identified to assess their role as possible risk factors for coxiellosis among the targeted farms. The apparent prevalence (positive for PCR and/or ELISA) for coxiellosis was reported to be 24.5% in cattle and 8.9% in buffaloes. In cattle, the detection rate of C. burnetii employing the IS1111 gene (8.5%) was found to be significantly higher (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0239260 |
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In the present study, a total of 711 blood samples from bovines [cattle (n = 543) and buffaloes (n = 168)] from eight farms at different geographical locations in India were screened for C. burnetii targeting the IS1111 and the com1 genes. The anti-C. burnetii antibodies in serum samples were detected using indirect-ELISA kits. Also, a total of 21 parameters pertaining to animal health and farm management were identified to assess their role as possible risk factors for coxiellosis among the targeted farms. The apparent prevalence (positive for PCR and/or ELISA) for coxiellosis was reported to be 24.5% in cattle and 8.9% in buffaloes. In cattle, the detection rate of C. burnetii employing the IS1111 gene (8.5%) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to the com1 (6.5%) gene. The seropositivity by ELISA was higher among cattle (17.7%) than in buffaloes (8.3%). Further, on univariable analysis of risk factors, species (cattle) (OR:3.31; 95%CI:1.88-5.82), inadequate floor spacing (OR:1.64; 95%CI:1.10-2.43), mastitis (OR:2.35, 95%CI:1.45-3.81) and reproductive disorders (OR:2.54; 95%CI:1.67-3.85) were significantly (p<0.05) having high odds for coxiellosis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis of the animal level risk factors revealed that species and age were found to be significantly associated with coxiellosis. However, since the number of screened farms is limited; further research is needed with a higher number of animals to confirm the farm level odds ratio of risk factors. Quarantine and biosecurity measures including farm hygiene operations were observed to be inadequate and also the lack of awareness about coxiellosis among the farm workers. In absence of vaccination program for coxiellosis in India, robust surveillance, farm biosecurity measures and the awareness for the disease among risk groups can play an important role in the disease prevention and subsequent transmission of the pathogen.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239260</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32931511</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal health ; Animal lactation ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biosecurity ; Buffalo ; Cattle ; Cattle diseases ; Dairy cattle ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Developing countries ; Disease transmission ; DNA ; Farm management ; Farms ; Farmworkers ; Fever ; Genetic testing ; Geographical locations ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Hygiene ; Infections ; Laboratories ; LDCs ; Mastitis ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Milk production ; Occupational health ; Parameter identification ; Pathogens ; Public health ; Q fever ; Quarantine ; Questionnaires ; Regression analysis ; Reproductive disorders ; Reproductive system ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Risk groups ; Serology ; Statistics ; Supervision ; Vaccination ; Veterinarians ; Zoonoses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-09, Vol.15 (9), p.e0239260-e0239260</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Dhaka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Dhaka et al 2020 Dhaka et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-5aab8b0c56afd277997c55d6d65b2303150f9da1ea554285ba5dec6227acdbbe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-5aab8b0c56afd277997c55d6d65b2303150f9da1ea554285ba5dec6227acdbbe3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6173-4708</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7491716/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7491716/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Raboisson, Didier</contributor><creatorcontrib>Dhaka, Pankaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malik, Satya Veer Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yadav, Jay Prakash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Manesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbuddhe, Sukhadeo B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rawool, Deepak B</creatorcontrib><title>Apparent prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India</title><title>PloS one</title><description>Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogen infecting wide range of mammals, including humans. In the present study, a total of 711 blood samples from bovines [cattle (n = 543) and buffaloes (n = 168)] from eight farms at different geographical locations in India were screened for C. burnetii targeting the IS1111 and the com1 genes. The anti-C. burnetii antibodies in serum samples were detected using indirect-ELISA kits. Also, a total of 21 parameters pertaining to animal health and farm management were identified to assess their role as possible risk factors for coxiellosis among the targeted farms. The apparent prevalence (positive for PCR and/or ELISA) for coxiellosis was reported to be 24.5% in cattle and 8.9% in buffaloes. In cattle, the detection rate of C. burnetii employing the IS1111 gene (8.5%) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to the com1 (6.5%) gene. The seropositivity by ELISA was higher among cattle (17.7%) than in buffaloes (8.3%). Further, on univariable analysis of risk factors, species (cattle) (OR:3.31; 95%CI:1.88-5.82), inadequate floor spacing (OR:1.64; 95%CI:1.10-2.43), mastitis (OR:2.35, 95%CI:1.45-3.81) and reproductive disorders (OR:2.54; 95%CI:1.67-3.85) were significantly (p<0.05) having high odds for coxiellosis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis of the animal level risk factors revealed that species and age were found to be significantly associated with coxiellosis. However, since the number of screened farms is limited; further research is needed with a higher number of animals to confirm the farm level odds ratio of risk factors. Quarantine and biosecurity measures including farm hygiene operations were observed to be inadequate and also the lack of awareness about coxiellosis among the farm workers. In absence of vaccination program for coxiellosis in India, robust surveillance, farm biosecurity measures and the awareness for the disease among risk groups can play an important role in the disease prevention and subsequent transmission of the pathogen.</description><subject>Animal health</subject><subject>Animal lactation</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biosecurity</subject><subject>Buffalo</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Cattle diseases</subject><subject>Dairy cattle</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Farm management</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Farmworkers</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Genetic testing</subject><subject>Geographical locations</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Mastitis</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Milk production</subject><subject>Occupational health</subject><subject>Parameter identification</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Q fever</subject><subject>Quarantine</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Reproductive disorders</subject><subject>Reproductive system</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Risk 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prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India</title><author>Dhaka, Pankaj ; Malik, Satya Veer Singh ; Yadav, Jay Prakash ; Kumar, Manesh ; Barbuddhe, Sukhadeo B ; Rawool, Deepak B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c570t-5aab8b0c56afd277997c55d6d65b2303150f9da1ea554285ba5dec6227acdbbe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Animal health</topic><topic>Animal lactation</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biosecurity</topic><topic>Buffalo</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Cattle diseases</topic><topic>Dairy cattle</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Farm management</topic><topic>Farms</topic><topic>Farmworkers</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Genetic 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in India</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2020-09-15</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0239260</spage><epage>e0239260</epage><pages>e0239260-e0239260</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogen infecting wide range of mammals, including humans. In the present study, a total of 711 blood samples from bovines [cattle (n = 543) and buffaloes (n = 168)] from eight farms at different geographical locations in India were screened for C. burnetii targeting the IS1111 and the com1 genes. The anti-C. burnetii antibodies in serum samples were detected using indirect-ELISA kits. Also, a total of 21 parameters pertaining to animal health and farm management were identified to assess their role as possible risk factors for coxiellosis among the targeted farms. The apparent prevalence (positive for PCR and/or ELISA) for coxiellosis was reported to be 24.5% in cattle and 8.9% in buffaloes. In cattle, the detection rate of C. burnetii employing the IS1111 gene (8.5%) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to the com1 (6.5%) gene. The seropositivity by ELISA was higher among cattle (17.7%) than in buffaloes (8.3%). Further, on univariable analysis of risk factors, species (cattle) (OR:3.31; 95%CI:1.88-5.82), inadequate floor spacing (OR:1.64; 95%CI:1.10-2.43), mastitis (OR:2.35, 95%CI:1.45-3.81) and reproductive disorders (OR:2.54; 95%CI:1.67-3.85) were significantly (p<0.05) having high odds for coxiellosis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis of the animal level risk factors revealed that species and age were found to be significantly associated with coxiellosis. However, since the number of screened farms is limited; further research is needed with a higher number of animals to confirm the farm level odds ratio of risk factors. Quarantine and biosecurity measures including farm hygiene operations were observed to be inadequate and also the lack of awareness about coxiellosis among the farm workers. In absence of vaccination program for coxiellosis in India, robust surveillance, farm biosecurity measures and the awareness for the disease among risk groups can play an important role in the disease prevention and subsequent transmission of the pathogen.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32931511</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0239260</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6173-4708</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animal health Animal lactation Animals Antibodies Biology and Life Sciences Biosecurity Buffalo Cattle Cattle diseases Dairy cattle Deoxyribonucleic acid Developing countries Disease transmission DNA Farm management Farms Farmworkers Fever Genetic testing Geographical locations Health aspects Health risks Hygiene Infections Laboratories LDCs Mastitis Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Milk production Occupational health Parameter identification Pathogens Public health Q fever Quarantine Questionnaires Regression analysis Reproductive disorders Reproductive system Research and Analysis Methods Risk analysis Risk factors Risk groups Serology Statistics Supervision Vaccination Veterinarians Zoonoses |
| title | Apparent prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-04T20%3A53%3A46IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Apparent%20prevalence%20and%20risk%20factors%20of%20coxiellosis%20(Q%20fever)%20among%20dairy%20herds%20in%20India&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Dhaka,%20Pankaj&rft.date=2020-09-15&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0239260&rft.epage=e0239260&rft.pages=e0239260-e0239260&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0239260&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA635538617%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2442839088&rft_id=info:pmid/32931511&rft_galeid=A635538617&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_2f4636856b8b421b9cff3c04b7ca84b1&rfr_iscdi=true |