Infectivity and genes differentially expressed between young and aging theront cells of the marine fish parasite Cryptocaryon irritans
The ciliated protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans infects a wide range of marine fish and causes the highly lethal white spot disease. This parasite possesses three morphologically and physiologically distinct life stages: an infectious theront, a parasitic trophont, and an asexually reproductive tomont....
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| creator | Chi, Hongshu Goldstein, Michael Pichardo, Angel Wei, Zung-Hang Chang, Wei-Jen Gong, Hui |
| description | The ciliated protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans infects a wide range of marine fish and causes the highly lethal white spot disease. This parasite possesses three morphologically and physiologically distinct life stages: an infectious theront, a parasitic trophont, and an asexually reproductive tomont. In the past few years, several attempts have been made to help elucidate how C. irritans transforms from one stage to another using transcriptomic or proteomic approaches. However, there has been no research studying changes in transcription profiles between different time points of a single C. irritans life stage-the development of this parasite. Here we use RNA-seq and compare gene expression profiles of theront cells collected by 1 and 10 hrs after they emerged from tomonts. It has been shown that infectivity of theront cells declines 6-8 hours post-emergence, and we used this characteristic as a physiological marker to confirm the aging of theront cells. We identified a total of 41 upregulated and 90 downregulated genes that were differentially expressed between young and aging theront cells. Using Blast2Go to further analyze functions of these genes, we show that genes related to energy production are downregulated, but quite surprisingly many genes involved in transcription/translation processes are upregulated. We also show that expression of all nine detectable agglutination/immobilization antigen genes, with great sequence divergence, is invariably downregulated. Functions of other differentially expressed genes and indications are also discussed in our study. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0238167 |
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This parasite possesses three morphologically and physiologically distinct life stages: an infectious theront, a parasitic trophont, and an asexually reproductive tomont. In the past few years, several attempts have been made to help elucidate how C. irritans transforms from one stage to another using transcriptomic or proteomic approaches. However, there has been no research studying changes in transcription profiles between different time points of a single C. irritans life stage-the development of this parasite. Here we use RNA-seq and compare gene expression profiles of theront cells collected by 1 and 10 hrs after they emerged from tomonts. It has been shown that infectivity of theront cells declines 6-8 hours post-emergence, and we used this characteristic as a physiological marker to confirm the aging of theront cells. We identified a total of 41 upregulated and 90 downregulated genes that were differentially expressed between young and aging theront cells. Using Blast2Go to further analyze functions of these genes, we show that genes related to energy production are downregulated, but quite surprisingly many genes involved in transcription/translation processes are upregulated. We also show that expression of all nine detectable agglutination/immobilization antigen genes, with great sequence divergence, is invariably downregulated. Functions of other differentially expressed genes and indications are also discussed in our study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238167</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32857792</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agglutination ; Aging ; Antigens ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cell development (Biology) ; Ciliates ; Cryptocaryon irritans ; Developmental stages ; Diseases ; Divergence ; Earth Sciences ; Fish ; Fish diseases ; Fish parasites ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Immobilization ; Infections ; Infectivity ; Marine fish ; Marine fishes ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Parasites ; Parasitological research ; Phylogenetics ; Physiological aspects ; Proteins ; Proteomics ; Protozoa ; Ribonucleic acid ; RNA ; Transcription ; Transcriptomics</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e0238167-e0238167</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Chi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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This parasite possesses three morphologically and physiologically distinct life stages: an infectious theront, a parasitic trophont, and an asexually reproductive tomont. In the past few years, several attempts have been made to help elucidate how C. irritans transforms from one stage to another using transcriptomic or proteomic approaches. However, there has been no research studying changes in transcription profiles between different time points of a single C. irritans life stage-the development of this parasite. Here we use RNA-seq and compare gene expression profiles of theront cells collected by 1 and 10 hrs after they emerged from tomonts. It has been shown that infectivity of theront cells declines 6-8 hours post-emergence, and we used this characteristic as a physiological marker to confirm the aging of theront cells. We identified a total of 41 upregulated and 90 downregulated genes that were differentially expressed between young and aging theront cells. 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Functions of other differentially expressed genes and indications are also discussed in our study.</description><subject>Agglutination</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cell development (Biology)</subject><subject>Ciliates</subject><subject>Cryptocaryon irritans</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Diseases</subject><subject>Divergence</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fish diseases</subject><subject>Fish parasites</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Immobilization</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectivity</subject><subject>Marine fish</subject><subject>Marine fishes</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitological research</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Proteomics</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Ribonucleic 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and genes differentially expressed between young and aging theront cells of the marine fish parasite Cryptocaryon irritans</title><author>Chi, Hongshu ; Goldstein, Michael ; Pichardo, Angel ; Wei, Zung-Hang ; Chang, Wei-Jen ; Gong, Hui</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c669t-f5606447589811308a7945561a6d04a43ca72b8dc8292b3ae35d34ef0d4b9e0b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Agglutination</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cell development (Biology)</topic><topic>Ciliates</topic><topic>Cryptocaryon irritans</topic><topic>Developmental stages</topic><topic>Diseases</topic><topic>Divergence</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Fish diseases</topic><topic>Fish parasites</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic 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one</jtitle><date>2020-08-28</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0238167</spage><epage>e0238167</epage><pages>e0238167-e0238167</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The ciliated protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans infects a wide range of marine fish and causes the highly lethal white spot disease. This parasite possesses three morphologically and physiologically distinct life stages: an infectious theront, a parasitic trophont, and an asexually reproductive tomont. In the past few years, several attempts have been made to help elucidate how C. irritans transforms from one stage to another using transcriptomic or proteomic approaches. However, there has been no research studying changes in transcription profiles between different time points of a single C. irritans life stage-the development of this parasite. Here we use RNA-seq and compare gene expression profiles of theront cells collected by 1 and 10 hrs after they emerged from tomonts. It has been shown that infectivity of theront cells declines 6-8 hours post-emergence, and we used this characteristic as a physiological marker to confirm the aging of theront cells. We identified a total of 41 upregulated and 90 downregulated genes that were differentially expressed between young and aging theront cells. Using Blast2Go to further analyze functions of these genes, we show that genes related to energy production are downregulated, but quite surprisingly many genes involved in transcription/translation processes are upregulated. We also show that expression of all nine detectable agglutination/immobilization antigen genes, with great sequence divergence, is invariably downregulated. Functions of other differentially expressed genes and indications are also discussed in our study.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32857792</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0238167</doi><tpages>e0238167</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-2281</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agglutination Aging Antigens Biology Biology and Life Sciences Cell development (Biology) Ciliates Cryptocaryon irritans Developmental stages Diseases Divergence Earth Sciences Fish Fish diseases Fish parasites Gene expression Genes Genetic aspects Immobilization Infections Infectivity Marine fish Marine fishes Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Parasites Parasitological research Phylogenetics Physiological aspects Proteins Proteomics Protozoa Ribonucleic acid RNA Transcription Transcriptomics |
| title | Infectivity and genes differentially expressed between young and aging theront cells of the marine fish parasite Cryptocaryon irritans |
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