Effects of fermented feeds and ginseng polysaccharides on the intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of Xuefeng black-bone chicken
Fermented feeds contain abundant organic acids, amino acids, and small peptides, which improve the nutritional status as well as the morphology and microbiota composition of the intestine. Ginseng polysaccharides exhibit several biological activities and contribute to improving intestinal developmen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2020-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e0237357-e0237357 |
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| creator | Xie, Yueqin Liu, Jie Wang, Huan Luo, Junyi Chen, Ting Xi, Qianyun Zhang, Yongliang Sun, Jiajie |
| description | Fermented feeds contain abundant organic acids, amino acids, and small peptides, which improve the nutritional status as well as the morphology and microbiota composition of the intestine. Ginseng polysaccharides exhibit several biological activities and contribute to improving intestinal development. Here, Xuefeng black-bone chickens were fed a basal diet fermented by Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecium, with or without ginseng polysaccharides. The 100% microbially fermented feed (Fe) and 100% microbially fermented feed and ginseng polysaccharide (FP) groups showed significantly increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum. In the 100% complete feed and ginseng polysaccharide (Po) group, the villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly increased, crypt depth was reduced, and villus height remained unaffected. Next, we studied the intestinal microbial composition of 32 Xuefeng black-bone chickens. A total of 10 phyla and 442 genera were identified, among which Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla. At the genus level, Sutterella and Asteroleplasma abundance increased and decreased, respectively, in the FP and Po groups. Sutterella abundance was positively correlated to villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and negatively correlated to crypt depth, and Asteroleplasma abundance was positively correlated to crypt depth and negatively correlated to villus height to crypt depth ratio. At the species level, the FP group showed significantly increased Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum and decreased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance, and the Po group showed significantly increased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance. Moreover, bacterial abundance was closely related to the jejunum histomorphology. Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance was positively correlated with crypt depth and negatively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio. Mycoplasma_gallinarum abundance was positively correlated to villus height, and Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum abundance was positively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio and negatively correlated with crypt depth. Therefore, fermented feeds with ginseng polysaccharides may be used as effective alternatives to antibiotics for improving intestinal morphol |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0237357 |
| format | Article |
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Ginseng polysaccharides exhibit several biological activities and contribute to improving intestinal development. Here, Xuefeng black-bone chickens were fed a basal diet fermented by Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecium, with or without ginseng polysaccharides. The 100% microbially fermented feed (Fe) and 100% microbially fermented feed and ginseng polysaccharide (FP) groups showed significantly increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum. In the 100% complete feed and ginseng polysaccharide (Po) group, the villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly increased, crypt depth was reduced, and villus height remained unaffected. Next, we studied the intestinal microbial composition of 32 Xuefeng black-bone chickens. A total of 10 phyla and 442 genera were identified, among which Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla. At the genus level, Sutterella and Asteroleplasma abundance increased and decreased, respectively, in the FP and Po groups. Sutterella abundance was positively correlated to villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and negatively correlated to crypt depth, and Asteroleplasma abundance was positively correlated to crypt depth and negatively correlated to villus height to crypt depth ratio. At the species level, the FP group showed significantly increased Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum and decreased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance, and the Po group showed significantly increased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance. Moreover, bacterial abundance was closely related to the jejunum histomorphology. Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance was positively correlated with crypt depth and negatively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio. Mycoplasma_gallinarum abundance was positively correlated to villus height, and Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum abundance was positively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio and negatively correlated with crypt depth. Therefore, fermented feeds with ginseng polysaccharides may be used as effective alternatives to antibiotics for improving intestinal morphology and microbial composition.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237357</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32780763</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Agriculture ; Alternatives ; Amino acids ; Animal Feed ; Animal feeding and feeds ; Animal sciences ; Animals ; Antibiotics ; Bacteroides ; Biodiversity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Bone composition ; Chicken breeds ; Chickens ; Composition ; Correlation ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Diet ; DNA ; Drug resistance ; Ethanol ; Feeds ; Fermentation ; Fermented food ; Food and nutrition ; Genetic testing ; Ginseng ; Ginseng polysaccharide ; Growth ; Intestine ; Intestines - cytology ; Intestines - drug effects ; Intestines - microbiology ; Jejunum ; Laboratories ; Livestock ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microbiota ; Microbiota - drug effects ; Microorganisms ; Morphology ; Mycoplasma ; Nutrition research ; Nutritional aspects ; Nutritional status ; Organic acids ; Panax - chemistry ; Peptides ; Physiological aspects ; Polysaccharides ; Polysaccharides - pharmacology ; Poultry ; Probiotics ; Quality ; Researchers ; Ribosomal DNA ; Saccharides ; Software ; Villus ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e0237357-e0237357</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Xie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Xie et al 2020 Xie et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c622t-ffa38ee382bab2981cf1ed41373d302e647018ad5ef3a702e2505a4ce775a9223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c622t-ffa38ee382bab2981cf1ed41373d302e647018ad5ef3a702e2505a4ce775a9223</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1992-154X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418966/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418966/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32780763$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Kogut, Michael H.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Xie, Yueqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Huan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Junyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xi, Qianyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yongliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jiajie</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of fermented feeds and ginseng polysaccharides on the intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of Xuefeng black-bone chicken</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Fermented feeds contain abundant organic acids, amino acids, and small peptides, which improve the nutritional status as well as the morphology and microbiota composition of the intestine. Ginseng polysaccharides exhibit several biological activities and contribute to improving intestinal development. Here, Xuefeng black-bone chickens were fed a basal diet fermented by Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecium, with or without ginseng polysaccharides. The 100% microbially fermented feed (Fe) and 100% microbially fermented feed and ginseng polysaccharide (FP) groups showed significantly increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum. In the 100% complete feed and ginseng polysaccharide (Po) group, the villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly increased, crypt depth was reduced, and villus height remained unaffected. Next, we studied the intestinal microbial composition of 32 Xuefeng black-bone chickens. A total of 10 phyla and 442 genera were identified, among which Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla. At the genus level, Sutterella and Asteroleplasma abundance increased and decreased, respectively, in the FP and Po groups. Sutterella abundance was positively correlated to villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and negatively correlated to crypt depth, and Asteroleplasma abundance was positively correlated to crypt depth and negatively correlated to villus height to crypt depth ratio. At the species level, the FP group showed significantly increased Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum and decreased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance, and the Po group showed significantly increased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance. Moreover, bacterial abundance was closely related to the jejunum histomorphology. Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance was positively correlated with crypt depth and negatively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio. Mycoplasma_gallinarum abundance was positively correlated to villus height, and Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum abundance was positively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio and negatively correlated with crypt depth. Therefore, fermented feeds with ginseng polysaccharides may be used as effective alternatives to antibiotics for improving intestinal morphology and microbial composition.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Alternatives</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Animal Feed</subject><subject>Animal feeding and feeds</subject><subject>Animal sciences</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Bacteroides</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bone composition</subject><subject>Chicken breeds</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Feeds</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Fermented food</subject><subject>Food and 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Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xie, Yueqin</au><au>Liu, Jie</au><au>Wang, Huan</au><au>Luo, Junyi</au><au>Chen, Ting</au><au>Xi, Qianyun</au><au>Zhang, Yongliang</au><au>Sun, Jiajie</au><au>Kogut, Michael H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of fermented feeds and ginseng polysaccharides on the intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of Xuefeng black-bone chicken</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-08-11</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0237357</spage><epage>e0237357</epage><pages>e0237357-e0237357</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Fermented feeds contain abundant organic acids, amino acids, and small peptides, which improve the nutritional status as well as the morphology and microbiota composition of the intestine. Ginseng polysaccharides exhibit several biological activities and contribute to improving intestinal development. Here, Xuefeng black-bone chickens were fed a basal diet fermented by Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecium, with or without ginseng polysaccharides. The 100% microbially fermented feed (Fe) and 100% microbially fermented feed and ginseng polysaccharide (FP) groups showed significantly increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum. In the 100% complete feed and ginseng polysaccharide (Po) group, the villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly increased, crypt depth was reduced, and villus height remained unaffected. Next, we studied the intestinal microbial composition of 32 Xuefeng black-bone chickens. A total of 10 phyla and 442 genera were identified, among which Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla. At the genus level, Sutterella and Asteroleplasma abundance increased and decreased, respectively, in the FP and Po groups. Sutterella abundance was positively correlated to villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and negatively correlated to crypt depth, and Asteroleplasma abundance was positively correlated to crypt depth and negatively correlated to villus height to crypt depth ratio. At the species level, the FP group showed significantly increased Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum and decreased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance, and the Po group showed significantly increased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance. Moreover, bacterial abundance was closely related to the jejunum histomorphology. Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance was positively correlated with crypt depth and negatively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio. Mycoplasma_gallinarum abundance was positively correlated to villus height, and Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum abundance was positively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio and negatively correlated with crypt depth. Therefore, fermented feeds with ginseng polysaccharides may be used as effective alternatives to antibiotics for improving intestinal morphology and microbial composition.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32780763</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0237357</doi><tpages>e0237357</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-154X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e0237357-e0237357 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2432837241 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Abundance Agriculture Alternatives Amino acids Animal Feed Animal feeding and feeds Animal sciences Animals Antibiotics Bacteroides Biodiversity Biology and Life Sciences Bone composition Chicken breeds Chickens Composition Correlation Deoxyribonucleic acid Diet DNA Drug resistance Ethanol Feeds Fermentation Fermented food Food and nutrition Genetic testing Ginseng Ginseng polysaccharide Growth Intestine Intestines - cytology Intestines - drug effects Intestines - microbiology Jejunum Laboratories Livestock Medicine and Health Sciences Microbiota Microbiota - drug effects Microorganisms Morphology Mycoplasma Nutrition research Nutritional aspects Nutritional status Organic acids Panax - chemistry Peptides Physiological aspects Polysaccharides Polysaccharides - pharmacology Poultry Probiotics Quality Researchers Ribosomal DNA Saccharides Software Villus Zoology |
| title | Effects of fermented feeds and ginseng polysaccharides on the intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of Xuefeng black-bone chicken |
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