Renoprotective effects of paramylon, a β-1,3-D-Glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease
Paramylon is a novel β-glucan that is stored by Euglena gracilis Z, which is a unicellular photosynthesizing green alga with characteristics of both animals and plants. Recent studies have indicated that paramylon functions as an immunomodulator or a dietary fiber. Currently, chronic kidney disease...
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| creator | Nagayama, Yoshikuni Isoo, Naoyuki Nakashima, Ayaka Suzuki, Kengo Yamano, Mizuki Nariyama, Tomoyuki Yagame, Motoka Matsui, Katsuyuki |
| description | Paramylon is a novel β-glucan that is stored by Euglena gracilis Z, which is a unicellular photosynthesizing green alga with characteristics of both animals and plants. Recent studies have indicated that paramylon functions as an immunomodulator or a dietary fiber. Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, and there is no effective preventive treatment for CKD progression. However, paramylon may suppress the progression of CKD via the elimination of uremic toxins or modulation of gut microbiota, leading to the alleviation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paramylon in CKD rat model. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats with a 5/6 nephrectomy were given either a normal diet or a diet containing 5% paramylon for 8 weeks. Proteinuria was measured intermittently. Serum and kidney tissues were harvested after sacrifice. We performed a renal molecular and histopathological investigation, serum metabolome analysis, and gut microbiome analysis. The results showed that paramylon attenuated renal function, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and podocyte injury in the CKD rat model. Renal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression levels tended to be suppressed with paramylon treatment. Further, paramylon inhibited the accumulation of uremic toxins, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related metabolites and modulated a part of CKD-related gut microbiota in the CKD rat model. In conclusion, we suggest that paramylon mainly inhibited the absorption of non-microbiota-derived uremic solutes, leading to protect renal injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Paramylon may be a novel compound that can act against CKD progression. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0237086 |
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Recent studies have indicated that paramylon functions as an immunomodulator or a dietary fiber. Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, and there is no effective preventive treatment for CKD progression. However, paramylon may suppress the progression of CKD via the elimination of uremic toxins or modulation of gut microbiota, leading to the alleviation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paramylon in CKD rat model. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats with a 5/6 nephrectomy were given either a normal diet or a diet containing 5% paramylon for 8 weeks. Proteinuria was measured intermittently. Serum and kidney tissues were harvested after sacrifice. We performed a renal molecular and histopathological investigation, serum metabolome analysis, and gut microbiome analysis. The results showed that paramylon attenuated renal function, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and podocyte injury in the CKD rat model. Renal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression levels tended to be suppressed with paramylon treatment. Further, paramylon inhibited the accumulation of uremic toxins, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related metabolites and modulated a part of CKD-related gut microbiota in the CKD rat model. In conclusion, we suggest that paramylon mainly inhibited the absorption of non-microbiota-derived uremic solutes, leading to protect renal injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Paramylon may be a novel compound that can act against CKD progression.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237086</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32764782</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal models ; Aquatic plants ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Cytokines ; Diet ; Dietary fiber ; Euglena ; Euglena gracilis ; Experiments ; Fibrosis ; Gene expression ; Global health ; Glucan ; Hospitals ; Immunomodulation ; Immunomodulators ; Inflammation ; Injuries ; Internal medicine ; Intestinal microflora ; Kidney diseases ; Kidneys ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Microbiomes ; Microbiota ; Nephrectomy ; Proteins ; Proteinuria ; Renal function ; Solutes ; Toxins ; Tricarboxylic acid cycle ; β-Glucan</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e0237086-e0237086</ispartof><rights>2020 Nagayama et al. 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Kengo</au><au>Yamano, Mizuki</au><au>Nariyama, Tomoyuki</au><au>Yagame, Motoka</au><au>Matsui, Katsuyuki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Renoprotective effects of paramylon, a β-1,3-D-Glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2020-08-07</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0237086</spage><epage>e0237086</epage><pages>e0237086-e0237086</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Paramylon is a novel β-glucan that is stored by Euglena gracilis Z, which is a unicellular photosynthesizing green alga with characteristics of both animals and plants. Recent studies have indicated that paramylon functions as an immunomodulator or a dietary fiber. Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, and there is no effective preventive treatment for CKD progression. However, paramylon may suppress the progression of CKD via the elimination of uremic toxins or modulation of gut microbiota, leading to the alleviation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paramylon in CKD rat model. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats with a 5/6 nephrectomy were given either a normal diet or a diet containing 5% paramylon for 8 weeks. Proteinuria was measured intermittently. Serum and kidney tissues were harvested after sacrifice. We performed a renal molecular and histopathological investigation, serum metabolome analysis, and gut microbiome analysis. The results showed that paramylon attenuated renal function, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and podocyte injury in the CKD rat model. Renal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression levels tended to be suppressed with paramylon treatment. Further, paramylon inhibited the accumulation of uremic toxins, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related metabolites and modulated a part of CKD-related gut microbiota in the CKD rat model. In conclusion, we suggest that paramylon mainly inhibited the absorption of non-microbiota-derived uremic solutes, leading to protect renal injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Paramylon may be a novel compound that can act against CKD progression.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32764782</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0237086</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3236-9078</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal models Aquatic plants Biology and Life Sciences Cholesterol Creatinine Cytokines Diet Dietary fiber Euglena Euglena gracilis Experiments Fibrosis Gene expression Global health Glucan Hospitals Immunomodulation Immunomodulators Inflammation Injuries Internal medicine Intestinal microflora Kidney diseases Kidneys Medical research Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Metabolites Microbiomes Microbiota Nephrectomy Proteins Proteinuria Renal function Solutes Toxins Tricarboxylic acid cycle β-Glucan |
| title | Renoprotective effects of paramylon, a β-1,3-D-Glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease |
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