Norovirus transmission mediated by asymptomatic family members in households
The transmission of human norovirus excreted from infected persons occasionally causes sporadic infections and outbreaks. Both symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers have been reported to contribute to norovirus transmission, but little is known about the magnitude of the contribution of asy...
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| creator | Phattanawiboon, Benjarat Nonthabenjawan, Nutthawan Boonyos, Patcharaporn Jetsukontorn, Chanya Towayunanta, Worakarn Chuntrakool, Kobkool Ngaopravet, Karn Ruchusatsawat, Kriangsak Uppapong, Ballang Sangkitporn, Somchai Mekada, Eisuke Matsuura, Yoshiharu Tatsumi, Masashi Mizushima, Hiroto |
| description | The transmission of human norovirus excreted from infected persons occasionally causes sporadic infections and outbreaks. Both symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers have been reported to contribute to norovirus transmission, but little is known about the magnitude of the contribution of asymptomatic carriers. We carried out a 1-year survey of residents of a district of Bangkok, Thailand to determine the percentage of norovirus transmissions originating from asymptomatic individuals. We screened 38 individuals recruited from 16 families from May 2018 to April 2019 for GI and GII genotypes. Norovirus was detected every month, and 101 of 716 stool samples (14.1%) from individuals with no symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were norovirus-positive. The average infection frequency was 2.4 times per person per year. Fourteen genotypes were identified from the positive samples, with GII.4 being detected most frequently. Notably, 89.1% of the norovirus-positive samples were provided by individuals with no diarrhea episode. Similar to cases of symptomatic infections in Thailand, asymptomatic infections were observed most frequently in December. We detected 4 cases of NV infection caused by household transmission, and 3 of the 4 transmissions originated from asymptomatic individuals. We also identified a case in which norovirus derived from an asymptomatic individual caused diarrhea in a family member. These results suggest that asymptomatic individuals play a substantial role in both the maintenance and spreading of norovirus in a community through household transmission. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0236502 |
| format | Article |
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Both symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers have been reported to contribute to norovirus transmission, but little is known about the magnitude of the contribution of asymptomatic carriers. We carried out a 1-year survey of residents of a district of Bangkok, Thailand to determine the percentage of norovirus transmissions originating from asymptomatic individuals. We screened 38 individuals recruited from 16 families from May 2018 to April 2019 for GI and GII genotypes. Norovirus was detected every month, and 101 of 716 stool samples (14.1%) from individuals with no symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were norovirus-positive. The average infection frequency was 2.4 times per person per year. Fourteen genotypes were identified from the positive samples, with GII.4 being detected most frequently. Notably, 89.1% of the norovirus-positive samples were provided by individuals with no diarrhea episode. Similar to cases of symptomatic infections in Thailand, asymptomatic infections were observed most frequently in December. We detected 4 cases of NV infection caused by household transmission, and 3 of the 4 transmissions originated from asymptomatic individuals. We also identified a case in which norovirus derived from an asymptomatic individual caused diarrhea in a family member. These results suggest that asymptomatic individuals play a substantial role in both the maintenance and spreading of norovirus in a community through household transmission.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236502</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32702014</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Asymptomatic ; Biology and life sciences ; Carriers ; Collaboration ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Consent ; Diarrhea ; Gastroenteritis ; Genomes ; Genotypes ; Households ; Infections ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Norovirus ; People and Places ; Phylogenetics ; Public health ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Supervision</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-07, Vol.15 (7), p.e0236502-e0236502</ispartof><rights>2020 Phattanawiboon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Phattanawiboon et al 2020 Phattanawiboon et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c569t-1aac087afc8ec8750f3df30bb083d753ed06e68cbd6670fca9de8e511b435263</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c569t-1aac087afc8ec8750f3df30bb083d753ed06e68cbd6670fca9de8e511b435263</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3647-7575</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7377487/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7377487/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23865,27923,27924,53790,53792,79371,79372</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Calderaro, Adriana</contributor><creatorcontrib>Phattanawiboon, Benjarat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nonthabenjawan, Nutthawan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boonyos, Patcharaporn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jetsukontorn, Chanya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Towayunanta, Worakarn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chuntrakool, Kobkool</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ngaopravet, Karn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruchusatsawat, Kriangsak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uppapong, Ballang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sangkitporn, Somchai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mekada, Eisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsuura, Yoshiharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tatsumi, Masashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mizushima, Hiroto</creatorcontrib><title>Norovirus transmission mediated by asymptomatic family members in households</title><title>PloS one</title><description>The transmission of human norovirus excreted from infected persons occasionally causes sporadic infections and outbreaks. Both symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers have been reported to contribute to norovirus transmission, but little is known about the magnitude of the contribution of asymptomatic carriers. We carried out a 1-year survey of residents of a district of Bangkok, Thailand to determine the percentage of norovirus transmissions originating from asymptomatic individuals. We screened 38 individuals recruited from 16 families from May 2018 to April 2019 for GI and GII genotypes. Norovirus was detected every month, and 101 of 716 stool samples (14.1%) from individuals with no symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were norovirus-positive. The average infection frequency was 2.4 times per person per year. Fourteen genotypes were identified from the positive samples, with GII.4 being detected most frequently. Notably, 89.1% of the norovirus-positive samples were provided by individuals with no diarrhea episode. Similar to cases of symptomatic infections in Thailand, asymptomatic infections were observed most frequently in December. We detected 4 cases of NV infection caused by household transmission, and 3 of the 4 transmissions originated from asymptomatic individuals. We also identified a case in which norovirus derived from an asymptomatic individual caused diarrhea in a family member. These results suggest that asymptomatic individuals play a substantial role in both the maintenance and spreading of norovirus in a community through household transmission.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Asymptomatic</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Carriers</subject><subject>Collaboration</subject><subject>Computer and Information Sciences</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Gastroenteritis</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Norovirus</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Research and Analysis 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Both symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers have been reported to contribute to norovirus transmission, but little is known about the magnitude of the contribution of asymptomatic carriers. We carried out a 1-year survey of residents of a district of Bangkok, Thailand to determine the percentage of norovirus transmissions originating from asymptomatic individuals. We screened 38 individuals recruited from 16 families from May 2018 to April 2019 for GI and GII genotypes. Norovirus was detected every month, and 101 of 716 stool samples (14.1%) from individuals with no symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were norovirus-positive. The average infection frequency was 2.4 times per person per year. Fourteen genotypes were identified from the positive samples, with GII.4 being detected most frequently. Notably, 89.1% of the norovirus-positive samples were provided by individuals with no diarrhea episode. Similar to cases of symptomatic infections in Thailand, asymptomatic infections were observed most frequently in December. We detected 4 cases of NV infection caused by household transmission, and 3 of the 4 transmissions originated from asymptomatic individuals. We also identified a case in which norovirus derived from an asymptomatic individual caused diarrhea in a family member. These results suggest that asymptomatic individuals play a substantial role in both the maintenance and spreading of norovirus in a community through household transmission.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32702014</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0236502</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-7575</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Asymptomatic Biology and life sciences Carriers Collaboration Computer and Information Sciences Consent Diarrhea Gastroenteritis Genomes Genotypes Households Infections Medicine and Health Sciences Norovirus People and Places Phylogenetics Public health Research and Analysis Methods Supervision |
| title | Norovirus transmission mediated by asymptomatic family members in households |
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