Dihydroxyacetone of wheat root exudates serves as an attractant for Heterodera avenae

Heterodera avenae, as an obligate endoparasite, causes severe yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Investigation on the mechanisms how H. avenae perceives wheat roots is limited. Here, the attractiveness of root exudates from eight plant genotypes to H. avenae were evaluated on agar plates. Resu...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2020-07, Vol.15 (7), p.e0236317-e0236317
Hauptverfasser: Wang, Gaofeng, Wang, Yunhe, Abdelnabby, Hazem, Xiao, Xueqiong, Huang, Wenkun, Peng, Deliang, Xiao, Yannong
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Wang, Yunhe
Abdelnabby, Hazem
Xiao, Xueqiong
Huang, Wenkun
Peng, Deliang
Xiao, Yannong
description Heterodera avenae, as an obligate endoparasite, causes severe yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Investigation on the mechanisms how H. avenae perceives wheat roots is limited. Here, the attractiveness of root exudates from eight plant genotypes to H. avenae were evaluated on agar plates. Results showed that the attraction of H. avenae to the root exudates from the non-host Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21-3 was the highest, approximately 50 infective second-stage juveniles (J2s) per plate, followed by that from three H. avenae-susceptible wheat varieties, Zhengmai9023, Yanmai84 and Xiangmai25, as well as the resistant one of Xinyuan958, whereas the lowest attractive activity was observed in the two H. avenae-resistant wheat varieties, Xianmai20 (approximately 12 J2s/plate) and Liangxing66 (approximately 11 J2s/plate). Then Bd21-3, Zhengmai9023 and Heng4399 were selected for further assays as their different attractiveness and resistance to H. avenae, and attractants for H. avenae in their root exudates were characterized to be heat-labile and low-molecular compounds (LM) by behavioral bioassay. Based on these properties of the attractants, a principle of identifying attractants for H. avenae was set up. Then LM of six root exudates from the three plants with and without heating were separated and analyzed by HPLC-MS. Finally, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), methylprednisolone succinate, embelin and diethylpropionin in the root exudates were identified to be putative attractants for H. avenae according to the principle, and the attraction of DHA to H. avenae was validated by behavioral bioassay on agar. Our study enhances the recognition to the orientation mechanism of H. avenae towards wheat roots.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0236317
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Investigation on the mechanisms how H. avenae perceives wheat roots is limited. Here, the attractiveness of root exudates from eight plant genotypes to H. avenae were evaluated on agar plates. Results showed that the attraction of H. avenae to the root exudates from the non-host Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21-3 was the highest, approximately 50 infective second-stage juveniles (J2s) per plate, followed by that from three H. avenae-susceptible wheat varieties, Zhengmai9023, Yanmai84 and Xiangmai25, as well as the resistant one of Xinyuan958, whereas the lowest attractive activity was observed in the two H. avenae-resistant wheat varieties, Xianmai20 (approximately 12 J2s/plate) and Liangxing66 (approximately 11 J2s/plate). Then Bd21-3, Zhengmai9023 and Heng4399 were selected for further assays as their different attractiveness and resistance to H. avenae, and attractants for H. avenae in their root exudates were characterized to be heat-labile and low-molecular compounds (LM) by behavioral bioassay. Based on these properties of the attractants, a principle of identifying attractants for H. avenae was set up. Then LM of six root exudates from the three plants with and without heating were separated and analyzed by HPLC-MS. Finally, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), methylprednisolone succinate, embelin and diethylpropionin in the root exudates were identified to be putative attractants for H. avenae according to the principle, and the attraction of DHA to H. avenae was validated by behavioral bioassay on agar. 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Investigation on the mechanisms how H. avenae perceives wheat roots is limited. Here, the attractiveness of root exudates from eight plant genotypes to H. avenae were evaluated on agar plates. Results showed that the attraction of H. avenae to the root exudates from the non-host Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21-3 was the highest, approximately 50 infective second-stage juveniles (J2s) per plate, followed by that from three H. avenae-susceptible wheat varieties, Zhengmai9023, Yanmai84 and Xiangmai25, as well as the resistant one of Xinyuan958, whereas the lowest attractive activity was observed in the two H. avenae-resistant wheat varieties, Xianmai20 (approximately 12 J2s/plate) and Liangxing66 (approximately 11 J2s/plate). Then Bd21-3, Zhengmai9023 and Heng4399 were selected for further assays as their different attractiveness and resistance to H. avenae, and attractants for H. avenae in their root exudates were characterized to be heat-labile and low-molecular compounds (LM) by behavioral bioassay. Based on these properties of the attractants, a principle of identifying attractants for H. avenae was set up. Then LM of six root exudates from the three plants with and without heating were separated and analyzed by HPLC-MS. Finally, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), methylprednisolone succinate, embelin and diethylpropionin in the root exudates were identified to be putative attractants for H. avenae according to the principle, and the attraction of DHA to H. avenae was validated by behavioral bioassay on agar. Our study enhances the recognition to the orientation mechanism of H. avenae towards wheat roots.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32702002</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0236317</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-3254</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Animals
Attractants
Attraction
Bioassay
Bioassays
Biology and Life Sciences
Brachypodium - genetics
Brachypodium - parasitology
Crop yield
Dihydroxyacetone
Dihydroxyacetone - chemistry
Dihydroxyacetone - physiology
Disease Resistance - genetics
Disease Resistance - physiology
Endoparasites
Exudates
Exudation
Funding
Genotype
Genotypes
Heterodera avenae
High-performance liquid chromatography
Laboratories
Liquid chromatography
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methylprednisolone
Nematodes
Physical Sciences
Plant diseases
Plant Diseases - genetics
Plant Diseases - parasitology
Plant pathology
Plant Roots - chemistry
Plant Roots - genetics
Plant Roots - parasitology
Plant Roots - physiology
Plant sciences
Research and Analysis Methods
Roots
Triticum - chemistry
Triticum - genetics
Triticum - parasitology
Triticum - physiology
Triticum aestivum
Tylenchoidea - genetics
Tylenchoidea - pathogenicity
Wheat
title Dihydroxyacetone of wheat root exudates serves as an attractant for Heterodera avenae
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