Justified defection is neither justified nor unjustified in indirect reciprocity
Indirect reciprocity is one of the major mechanisms in the evolution of human cooperation. In indirect reciprocity, social norms with which individuals distinguish good people from bad people play essential roles. Despite extensive studies on the evolution of cooperation in indirect reciprocity, lit...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2020-06, Vol.15 (6), p.e0235137-e0235137 |
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| creator | Yamamoto, Hitoshi Suzuki, Takahisa Umetani, Ryohei |
| description | Indirect reciprocity is one of the major mechanisms in the evolution of human cooperation. In indirect reciprocity, social norms with which individuals distinguish good people from bad people play essential roles. Despite extensive studies on the evolution of cooperation in indirect reciprocity, little is known about which social norms people actually adopt. Here we reveal what kind of norms are adopted by people in indirect reciprocal situations in daily life by using scenario-based experiments. The results showed that people evaluated "justified defection" as neither good nor bad and withheld their evaluation. Theoretically, social norms that evaluate justified defection as good are required for cooperation to be stable. However, the norm that people actually adopted deviates from the theoretical predictions. Our results indicate the necessity to reconsider the justification of "justified defection" in the evolution of cooperation. |
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In indirect reciprocity, social norms with which individuals distinguish good people from bad people play essential roles. Despite extensive studies on the evolution of cooperation in indirect reciprocity, little is known about which social norms people actually adopt. Here we reveal what kind of norms are adopted by people in indirect reciprocal situations in daily life by using scenario-based experiments. The results showed that people evaluated "justified defection" as neither good nor bad and withheld their evaluation. Theoretically, social norms that evaluate justified defection as good are required for cooperation to be stable. However, the norm that people actually adopted deviates from the theoretical predictions. Our results indicate the necessity to reconsider the justification of "justified defection" in the evolution of cooperation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235137</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32603367</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Behavior ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cooperation ; Crowdsourcing ; Earth Sciences ; Evolution ; Experiments ; Norms ; Physical Sciences ; Psychological aspects ; Psychological research ; Reciprocity ; Reciprocity (Psychology) ; Reputations ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Restaurants ; Shift work ; Social norms ; Social Sciences ; Studies</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-06, Vol.15 (6), p.e0235137-e0235137</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Yamamoto et al. 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In indirect reciprocity, social norms with which individuals distinguish good people from bad people play essential roles. Despite extensive studies on the evolution of cooperation in indirect reciprocity, little is known about which social norms people actually adopt. Here we reveal what kind of norms are adopted by people in indirect reciprocal situations in daily life by using scenario-based experiments. The results showed that people evaluated "justified defection" as neither good nor bad and withheld their evaluation. Theoretically, social norms that evaluate justified defection as good are required for cooperation to be stable. However, the norm that people actually adopted deviates from the theoretical predictions. 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In indirect reciprocity, social norms with which individuals distinguish good people from bad people play essential roles. Despite extensive studies on the evolution of cooperation in indirect reciprocity, little is known about which social norms people actually adopt. Here we reveal what kind of norms are adopted by people in indirect reciprocal situations in daily life by using scenario-based experiments. The results showed that people evaluated "justified defection" as neither good nor bad and withheld their evaluation. Theoretically, social norms that evaluate justified defection as good are required for cooperation to be stable. However, the norm that people actually adopted deviates from the theoretical predictions. 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| subjects | Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Cooperation Crowdsourcing Earth Sciences Evolution Experiments Norms Physical Sciences Psychological aspects Psychological research Reciprocity Reciprocity (Psychology) Reputations Research and Analysis Methods Restaurants Shift work Social norms Social Sciences Studies |
| title | Justified defection is neither justified nor unjustified in indirect reciprocity |
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