Screening archaeological bone for palaeogenetic and palaeoproteomic studies
The recovery and analysis of ancient DNA and protein from archaeological bone is time-consuming and expensive to carry out, while it involves the partial or complete destruction of valuable or rare specimens. The fields of palaeogenetic and palaeoproteomic research would benefit greatly from techniq...
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| creator | Kontopoulos, Ioannis Penkman, Kirsty Mullin, Victoria E Winkelbach, Laura Unterländer, Martina Scheu, Amelie Kreutzer, Susanne Hansen, Henrik B Margaryan, Ashot Teasdale, Matthew D Gehlen, Birgit Street, Martin Lynnerup, Niels Liritzis, Ioannis Sampson, Adamantios Papageorgopoulou, Christina Allentoft, Morten E Burger, Joachim Bradley, Daniel G Collins, Matthew J |
| description | The recovery and analysis of ancient DNA and protein from archaeological bone is time-consuming and expensive to carry out, while it involves the partial or complete destruction of valuable or rare specimens. The fields of palaeogenetic and palaeoproteomic research would benefit greatly from techniques that can assess the molecular quality prior to sampling. To be relevant, such screening methods should be effective, minimally-destructive, and rapid. This study reports results based on spectroscopic (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance [FTIR-ATR]; n = 266), palaeoproteomic (collagen content; n = 226), and palaeogenetic (endogenous DNA content; n = 88) techniques. We establish thresholds for three different FTIR indices, a) the infrared splitting factor [IRSF] that assesses relative changes in bioapatite crystals' size and homogeneity; b) the carbonate-to-phosphate [C/P] ratio as a relative measure of carbonate content in bioapatite crystals; and c) the amide-to-phosphate ratio [Am/P] for assessing the relative organic content preserved in bone. These thresholds are both extremely reliable and easy to apply for the successful and rapid distinction between well- and poorly-preserved specimens. This is a milestone for choosing appropriate samples prior to genomic and collagen analyses, with important implications for biomolecular archaeology and palaeontology. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0235146 |
| format | Article |
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The fields of palaeogenetic and palaeoproteomic research would benefit greatly from techniques that can assess the molecular quality prior to sampling. To be relevant, such screening methods should be effective, minimally-destructive, and rapid. This study reports results based on spectroscopic (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance [FTIR-ATR]; n = 266), palaeoproteomic (collagen content; n = 226), and palaeogenetic (endogenous DNA content; n = 88) techniques. We establish thresholds for three different FTIR indices, a) the infrared splitting factor [IRSF] that assesses relative changes in bioapatite crystals' size and homogeneity; b) the carbonate-to-phosphate [C/P] ratio as a relative measure of carbonate content in bioapatite crystals; and c) the amide-to-phosphate ratio [Am/P] for assessing the relative organic content preserved in bone. These thresholds are both extremely reliable and easy to apply for the successful and rapid distinction between well- and poorly-preserved specimens. This is a milestone for choosing appropriate samples prior to genomic and collagen analyses, with important implications for biomolecular archaeology and palaeontology.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235146</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32584871</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Carbonates ; Civilization ; Collaboration ; Collagen ; Crystals ; Democritus (460?-370?) ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Earth sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Evolution ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Fourier transforms ; Genetic aspects ; Homogeneity ; Human remains (Archaeology) ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Laboratories ; Museums ; Paleontology ; Physical anthropology ; Proteins ; Proteomics ; Quality assessment ; Reflectance ; Screening ; Social Sciences ; Sustainable development ; Thresholds</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-06, Vol.15 (6), p.e0235146-e0235146</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Kontopoulos et al. 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These thresholds are both extremely reliable and easy to apply for the successful and rapid distinction between well- and poorly-preserved specimens. This is a milestone for choosing appropriate samples prior to genomic and collagen analyses, with important implications for biomolecular archaeology and palaeontology.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anthropology</subject><subject>Archaeology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Civilization</subject><subject>Collaboration</subject><subject>Collagen</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Democritus (460?-370?)</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Homogeneity</subject><subject>Human remains (Archaeology)</subject><subject>Infrared 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The fields of palaeogenetic and palaeoproteomic research would benefit greatly from techniques that can assess the molecular quality prior to sampling. To be relevant, such screening methods should be effective, minimally-destructive, and rapid. This study reports results based on spectroscopic (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance [FTIR-ATR]; n = 266), palaeoproteomic (collagen content; n = 226), and palaeogenetic (endogenous DNA content; n = 88) techniques. We establish thresholds for three different FTIR indices, a) the infrared splitting factor [IRSF] that assesses relative changes in bioapatite crystals' size and homogeneity; b) the carbonate-to-phosphate [C/P] ratio as a relative measure of carbonate content in bioapatite crystals; and c) the amide-to-phosphate ratio [Am/P] for assessing the relative organic content preserved in bone. 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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2417368120 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Analysis Anthropology Archaeology Biology and Life Sciences Carbonates Civilization Collaboration Collagen Crystals Democritus (460?-370?) Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Earth sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Evolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Fourier transforms Genetic aspects Homogeneity Human remains (Archaeology) Infrared spectroscopy Laboratories Museums Paleontology Physical anthropology Proteins Proteomics Quality assessment Reflectance Screening Social Sciences Sustainable development Thresholds |
| title | Screening archaeological bone for palaeogenetic and palaeoproteomic studies |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-03T21%3A39%3A21IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Screening%20archaeological%20bone%20for%20palaeogenetic%20and%20palaeoproteomic%20studies&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Kontopoulos,%20Ioannis&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e0235146&rft.epage=e0235146&rft.pages=e0235146-e0235146&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0235146&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA627639813%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2417368120&rft_id=info:pmid/32584871&rft_galeid=A627639813&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_f5fced8d050e47a098488355bce1586f&rfr_iscdi=true |