Arsenic exposure associated T cell proliferation, smoking, and vitamin D in Bangladeshi men and women
There are limited data examining the consequences of environmental exposure to arsenic on the immune system in adults, particularly among smokers. Smoking has been shown to exacerbate or contribute to impaired immune function in men chronically exposed to arsenic. In contrast, vitamin D (VitD) is kn...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2020-06, Vol.15 (6), p.e0234965 |
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| creator | Burchiel, Scott W Lauer, Fredine T Factor-Litvak, Pam Liu, Xinhua Islam, Tariqul Eunus, Mahbubul Abu Horayara, M Islam, Md Tariqul Rahman, Mizanour Ahmed, Alauddin Cremers, Serge Nandakumar, Renu Ahsan, Habibul Olopade, Christopher Graziano, Joseph Parvez, Faruque |
| description | There are limited data examining the consequences of environmental exposure to arsenic on the immune system in adults, particularly among smokers. Smoking has been shown to exacerbate or contribute to impaired immune function in men chronically exposed to arsenic. In contrast, vitamin D (VitD) is known to have a positive influence on innate and adaptive immune responses. The effect of circulating VitD on arsenic-associated immune dysfunction is not known. Here we examine the relationship of arsenic exposure and T cell proliferation (TCP), a measure of immune responsiveness, and circulating VitD among adult men and women in Bangladesh. Arsenic exposure was assessed using total urinary arsenic as well as urinary arsenic metabolites all adjusted for urinary creatinine. TCP was measured ex vivo in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 614 adult participants enrolled in the Bangladesh Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study; serum VitD was also evaluated. The influence of cigarette smoking on arsenic-induced TCP modulation was assessed only in males as there was an inadequate number of female smokers. These studies show that arsenic suppressed TCP in males. The association was significantly strong in male smokers and to a lesser extent in male non-smokers. Interestingly, we found a strong protective effect of high/sufficient serum VitD levels on TCP among non-smoking males. Furthermore, among male smokers with low serum VitD (⊔20 ng/ml), we found a strong suppression of TCP by arsenic. On the other hand, high VitD (>20 ng/ml) was found to attenuate effects of arsenic on TCP among male-smokers. Overall, we found a strong protective effect of VitD, when serum levels were >20 ng/ml, on arsenic-induced inhibition of TCP in men, irrespective of smoking status. To our knowledge this is the first large study of immune function in healthy adult males and females with a history of chronic arsenic exposure. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0234965 |
| format | Article |
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Firoze</contributor><creatorcontrib>Burchiel, Scott W ; Lauer, Fredine T ; Factor-Litvak, Pam ; Liu, Xinhua ; Islam, Tariqul ; Eunus, Mahbubul ; Abu Horayara, M ; Islam, Md Tariqul ; Rahman, Mizanour ; Ahmed, Alauddin ; Cremers, Serge ; Nandakumar, Renu ; Ahsan, Habibul ; Olopade, Christopher ; Graziano, Joseph ; Parvez, Faruque ; Khan, M. Firoze</creatorcontrib><description>There are limited data examining the consequences of environmental exposure to arsenic on the immune system in adults, particularly among smokers. Smoking has been shown to exacerbate or contribute to impaired immune function in men chronically exposed to arsenic. In contrast, vitamin D (VitD) is known to have a positive influence on innate and adaptive immune responses. The effect of circulating VitD on arsenic-associated immune dysfunction is not known. Here we examine the relationship of arsenic exposure and T cell proliferation (TCP), a measure of immune responsiveness, and circulating VitD among adult men and women in Bangladesh. Arsenic exposure was assessed using total urinary arsenic as well as urinary arsenic metabolites all adjusted for urinary creatinine. TCP was measured ex vivo in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 614 adult participants enrolled in the Bangladesh Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study; serum VitD was also evaluated. The influence of cigarette smoking on arsenic-induced TCP modulation was assessed only in males as there was an inadequate number of female smokers. These studies show that arsenic suppressed TCP in males. The association was significantly strong in male smokers and to a lesser extent in male non-smokers. Interestingly, we found a strong protective effect of high/sufficient serum VitD levels on TCP among non-smoking males. Furthermore, among male smokers with low serum VitD (⊔20 ng/ml), we found a strong suppression of TCP by arsenic. On the other hand, high VitD (>20 ng/ml) was found to attenuate effects of arsenic on TCP among male-smokers. Overall, we found a strong protective effect of VitD, when serum levels were >20 ng/ml, on arsenic-induced inhibition of TCP in men, irrespective of smoking status. To our knowledge this is the first large study of immune function in healthy adult males and females with a history of chronic arsenic exposure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234965</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32574193</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptive immunity ; Adult ; Aged ; Arsenic ; Arsenic - toxicity ; Arsenic - urine ; Bangladesh - epidemiology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Calciferol ; Cell growth ; Cell proliferation ; Cell Proliferation - drug effects ; Cigarette smoking ; Cloning ; Consent ; Correlation analysis ; Creatinine ; Cryopreservation ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Environmental health ; Exposure ; Female ; Field study ; Health aspects ; Health care ; Health sciences ; Humans ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Leukocytes (mononuclear) ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes T ; Male ; Males ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Men ; Metabolites ; Middle Aged ; Observations ; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ; Pharmaceutical sciences ; Pharmacy ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Population ; Public health ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Serum levels ; Smoking ; Smoking - blood ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Smoking - immunology ; Social Sciences ; T cells ; T-Lymphocytes - drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; Urine ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D - blood ; Vitamin D - immunology ; Women</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-06, Vol.15 (6), p.e0234965</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Burchiel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Burchiel et al 2020 Burchiel et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f5993f5059eae11fcc0bd5d39d0e31b90f6b2922c63efaae3905f1fc496d63873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f5993f5059eae11fcc0bd5d39d0e31b90f6b2922c63efaae3905f1fc496d63873</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9509-0149</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7310686/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7310686/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574193$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Khan, M. Firoze</contributor><creatorcontrib>Burchiel, Scott W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lauer, Fredine T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Factor-Litvak, Pam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xinhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Tariqul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eunus, Mahbubul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abu Horayara, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Md Tariqul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Mizanour</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Alauddin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cremers, Serge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nandakumar, Renu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahsan, Habibul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olopade, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graziano, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parvez, Faruque</creatorcontrib><title>Arsenic exposure associated T cell proliferation, smoking, and vitamin D in Bangladeshi men and women</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>There are limited data examining the consequences of environmental exposure to arsenic on the immune system in adults, particularly among smokers. Smoking has been shown to exacerbate or contribute to impaired immune function in men chronically exposed to arsenic. In contrast, vitamin D (VitD) is known to have a positive influence on innate and adaptive immune responses. The effect of circulating VitD on arsenic-associated immune dysfunction is not known. Here we examine the relationship of arsenic exposure and T cell proliferation (TCP), a measure of immune responsiveness, and circulating VitD among adult men and women in Bangladesh. Arsenic exposure was assessed using total urinary arsenic as well as urinary arsenic metabolites all adjusted for urinary creatinine. TCP was measured ex vivo in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 614 adult participants enrolled in the Bangladesh Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study; serum VitD was also evaluated. The influence of cigarette smoking on arsenic-induced TCP modulation was assessed only in males as there was an inadequate number of female smokers. These studies show that arsenic suppressed TCP in males. The association was significantly strong in male smokers and to a lesser extent in male non-smokers. Interestingly, we found a strong protective effect of high/sufficient serum VitD levels on TCP among non-smoking males. Furthermore, among male smokers with low serum VitD (⊔20 ng/ml), we found a strong suppression of TCP by arsenic. On the other hand, high VitD (>20 ng/ml) was found to attenuate effects of arsenic on TCP among male-smokers. Overall, we found a strong protective effect of VitD, when serum levels were >20 ng/ml, on arsenic-induced inhibition of TCP in men, irrespective of smoking status. To our knowledge this is the first large study of immune function in healthy adult males and females with a history of chronic arsenic exposure.</description><subject>Adaptive immunity</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Arsenic</subject><subject>Arsenic - toxicity</subject><subject>Arsenic - urine</subject><subject>Bangladesh - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Calciferol</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</subject><subject>Cigarette smoking</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Cryopreservation</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Environmental health</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Field study</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Leukocytes (mononuclear)</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Observations</subject><subject>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical sciences</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Serum levels</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - blood</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Smoking - immunology</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>T cells</subject><subject>T-Lymphocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D - immunology</subject><subject>Women</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkm1rFDEQxxdRbK1-A9EFQRB6Zx422c0b4axPB4WCVt-GbHZyl3M3uSa7tX57c71tuQUFCSTD5Df_TIZ_lj3HaI5pid9u_BCcaudb72COCC0EZw-yYywomXGC6MOD-Ch7EuMGIUYrzh9nR5Swski3xxksQgRndQ43Wx-HALmK0Wuremjyy1xD2-bb4FtrIKjeeneax87_tG51mivX5Ne2V511-Yc8be-VW7Wqgbi2eQfuFvjlU_Q0e2RUG-HZeJ5k3z99vDz7Mju_-Lw8W5zPNBeknxkmBDUMMQEKMDZao7phDRUNAoprgQyviSBEcwpGKaACMZOw9PWG06qkJ9nLve629VGOE4qSFJgTWrFiRyz3ROPVRm6D7VT4Lb2y8jbhw0qq0FvdggRNS1GTphKFKTTBdVUIXTKtqoIrzVjSeje-NtQdNBpcH1Q7EZ3eOLuWK38tS4oRr3gSeDUKBH81QOz_0fJIrVTqyjrjk5jubNRywUlZMMowTtT8L1RaDXRWJ48Ym_KTgjeTgsT0cNOv1BCjXH77-v_sxY8p-_qAXYNq-3X07bAzT5yCxR7UwccYwNxPDiO5s_jdNOTO4nK0eCp7cTj1-6I7T9M_Lqv2xw</recordid><startdate>20200623</startdate><enddate>20200623</enddate><creator>Burchiel, Scott W</creator><creator>Lauer, Fredine T</creator><creator>Factor-Litvak, Pam</creator><creator>Liu, Xinhua</creator><creator>Islam, Tariqul</creator><creator>Eunus, Mahbubul</creator><creator>Abu Horayara, M</creator><creator>Islam, Md Tariqul</creator><creator>Rahman, Mizanour</creator><creator>Ahmed, Alauddin</creator><creator>Cremers, Serge</creator><creator>Nandakumar, Renu</creator><creator>Ahsan, Habibul</creator><creator>Olopade, Christopher</creator><creator>Graziano, Joseph</creator><creator>Parvez, Faruque</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-0149</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200623</creationdate><title>Arsenic exposure associated T cell proliferation, smoking, and vitamin D in Bangladeshi men and women</title><author>Burchiel, Scott W ; Lauer, Fredine T ; Factor-Litvak, Pam ; Liu, Xinhua ; Islam, Tariqul ; Eunus, Mahbubul ; Abu Horayara, M ; Islam, Md Tariqul ; Rahman, Mizanour ; Ahmed, Alauddin ; Cremers, Serge ; Nandakumar, Renu ; Ahsan, Habibul ; Olopade, Christopher ; Graziano, Joseph ; Parvez, Faruque</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f5993f5059eae11fcc0bd5d39d0e31b90f6b2922c63efaae3905f1fc496d63873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adaptive immunity</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Arsenic</topic><topic>Arsenic - 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blood</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Smoking - immunology</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>T cells</topic><topic>T-Lymphocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin D - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D - immunology</topic><topic>Women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Burchiel, Scott W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lauer, Fredine T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Factor-Litvak, Pam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xinhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Tariqul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eunus, Mahbubul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abu Horayara, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Md Tariqul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Mizanour</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Alauddin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cremers, Serge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nandakumar, Renu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahsan, Habibul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olopade, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graziano, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parvez, Faruque</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Firoze</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Arsenic exposure associated T cell proliferation, smoking, and vitamin D in Bangladeshi men and women</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-06-23</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0234965</spage><pages>e0234965-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>There are limited data examining the consequences of environmental exposure to arsenic on the immune system in adults, particularly among smokers. Smoking has been shown to exacerbate or contribute to impaired immune function in men chronically exposed to arsenic. In contrast, vitamin D (VitD) is known to have a positive influence on innate and adaptive immune responses. The effect of circulating VitD on arsenic-associated immune dysfunction is not known. Here we examine the relationship of arsenic exposure and T cell proliferation (TCP), a measure of immune responsiveness, and circulating VitD among adult men and women in Bangladesh. Arsenic exposure was assessed using total urinary arsenic as well as urinary arsenic metabolites all adjusted for urinary creatinine. TCP was measured ex vivo in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 614 adult participants enrolled in the Bangladesh Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study; serum VitD was also evaluated. The influence of cigarette smoking on arsenic-induced TCP modulation was assessed only in males as there was an inadequate number of female smokers. These studies show that arsenic suppressed TCP in males. The association was significantly strong in male smokers and to a lesser extent in male non-smokers. Interestingly, we found a strong protective effect of high/sufficient serum VitD levels on TCP among non-smoking males. Furthermore, among male smokers with low serum VitD (⊔20 ng/ml), we found a strong suppression of TCP by arsenic. On the other hand, high VitD (>20 ng/ml) was found to attenuate effects of arsenic on TCP among male-smokers. Overall, we found a strong protective effect of VitD, when serum levels were >20 ng/ml, on arsenic-induced inhibition of TCP in men, irrespective of smoking status. To our knowledge this is the first large study of immune function in healthy adult males and females with a history of chronic arsenic exposure.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32574193</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0234965</doi><tpages>e0234965</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-0149</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-06, Vol.15 (6), p.e0234965 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2416238547 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adaptive immunity Adult Aged Arsenic Arsenic - toxicity Arsenic - urine Bangladesh - epidemiology Biology and Life Sciences Calciferol Cell growth Cell proliferation Cell Proliferation - drug effects Cigarette smoking Cloning Consent Correlation analysis Creatinine Cryopreservation Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental health Exposure Female Field study Health aspects Health care Health sciences Humans Immune response Immune system Leukocytes (mononuclear) Longitudinal Studies Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Male Males Medicine and Health Sciences Men Metabolites Middle Aged Observations Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Pharmaceutical sciences Pharmacy Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Population Public health Research and Analysis Methods Serum levels Smoking Smoking - blood Smoking - epidemiology Smoking - immunology Social Sciences T cells T-Lymphocytes - drug effects T-Lymphocytes - immunology Urine Vitamin D Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D - immunology Women |
| title | Arsenic exposure associated T cell proliferation, smoking, and vitamin D in Bangladeshi men and women |
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